měi guó zuòzhělièbiǎo
fēi William Marrài lún · Edgar Alan Poeài shēng Ralph Waldo Emerson
huì màn Walt Whitman gēngshēng Emily Dickinson fēn · lán Stephan Crane
shǐ wén Wallace Stevens luó Robert Frost 'ěr · sāng bǎo Carl Sandberg
wēi lián William Carlos Williamspáng Ezra Pound 'ěr Hilda Doolittle
ào dēng Wystan Hugh Auden míng E. E. Cummings · lāi 'ēn Hart Crane
luó · dèng kěn Robert Duncanchá 'ěr · ào 'ěr sēn Charles Olsonā mén A. R. Ammons
jīn bǎo Allen Ginsbergyuē hàn · ā shénbǎi John Ashberyzhān · tài James Tate
lán dūn · xiū Langston Hughes wēn W. S. Merwinluó · lāi Robert Bly
xiào Elizabeth Bishopluó · luò wēi 'ěr Robert Lowell Sylvia Plath
yuē hàn · bèi màn John Berrymanān · sài dùn Anne Sexton nuò W. D. Snodgrass
lán · ào Frank O'Hara luò L.D. Brodskyài · luò wēi 'ěr Amy Lowell
āi · shèng wén sēn · lěi Edna St. Vincent Millay · tái 'ěr Sara Teasdale Edgar Lee Masters
wēi lián · William Staffordài 'ān · Adrienne Rich wèi · nèi tuō David Ignatow
jīn nèi 'ěr Galway Kinnell · 'ěr Sidney Lanierhuò huá · nài luò Howard Nemerov
· ào Mary Oliverā · mài 阿奇波德麦 Kerry Xujié shī xuǎn Robinson Jeffers
· Louise Glückkǎi · lāi Kate Lightshī jiā zhāng Arthur Sze
yáng Li Young Leeyáo yuán Yuan Yaoléi méng · Raymond Carver
· gēn Louise Boganài lún · jīn Allen Ginsbergài · jīn sēn Emily Elizabeth Dickinson
míng · wèi lín Minnie Vautrin
měi guó lěng zhàn kāi shǐ  (1886niánjiǔyuè27rì1941niánwǔyuè14rì)

shí bào gào record of actual event; on-the-spot report notifynán jīng shā shíwèi lín

yuèdòumíng · wèi lín Minnie Vautrinzài历史大观dezuòpǐn!!!
明妮·魏特琳
明妮·魏特琳
  zhōng guó míng huá qúnměi guó chuán jiào shì
  
  1886 nián 9 yuè 27 chū shēng zài měi guó nuò zhōu de 'ěr xiǎo zhènjiā jìng cóng xiǎo yǎng chéng liǎo chī nài láoqín fèn yǒng gǎn de xìng。 1921 nián 'èr míng de yōu chéng nuò zhōu xuétóng shí jué dìng dào zhōng guóchū dào zhōng guó 'ān huījiàn duō shí biàn shǐ zhì tuī dòng zhōng guó jiào chuàng bàn liǎo féi sān qīng zhōng xué。 1919 nián míng yìng pìn jīn líng xuézhǎng guǎn xiào chóu jiàn xīn xiào yuánbìng xué shēng zǒu chū xiàng xiàn shēn shè huìwéi qióng lín wéi lín kāi jiǎng shòu wèi shēng zhī shíměi zhōu liǎng wéi xiào yuán zhōu de pín mín kàn bìng děng yáng guāng liǎo jīn xiào xùn héng héng héng hòu shēng jīng shénmíng hái yòng xiūjià dào 'ōuměi jìn xiū xué dān mài lán de chéng rén jiào tuī guǎng dào zhōng guóduì zhōng guó jiào gōng méi
  
   cóng 1937 nián 8 yuè 12 kāi shǐdào 1940 nián 4 yuè jīhū měi tiān jiān chí xiě bìng měi yuè dìng jiāng yóu gěi měi guó hǎo yǒu biàn men gèng hǎo liǎo jiě zhōng guó shí shìdāng shí zài měi guó de hǎo yǒu rèn wéi wèi lín de hěn yòu jià zhí shì jiāng gěi 'é hài 'é zhōu xīn xīn shì detóng xué》 (TheClassmate) shàng biǎo。 20 shì 80 nián dài zhōng rén men zài zhěng chuán jiào shì dàng 'àn liào shí xiàn liǎo wèi lín yuán gǎo。 90 nián dài chū xué shén xué yuàn shū guǎn cáng shì de shìjiàn wèi lín yòu gāo de dàng 'àn shǐ liào jià zhíduì wèi lín yuán gǎo jìn xíng liǎo zhěng bìng jiāng zhì chéng suō wēi jiāojuǎngōng shǐ dàng 'àn xué zhě yán jiū shǐ yòng
  
   yóu wèi lín dāng shí suǒ zài de jīn líng wén xué yuàn shì zhuān mén shōu róng nànmín de nànmín suǒzài qīn huá jūn nán jīng shā jiānzhè chéng liǎo jūn shí xíng xìng bào de zhòng yào biāozuò wéi gāi nànmín suǒ de rénwèi lín de rén qīn dàng 'àn héng héng héng jiù shì jiē qīn huá jūn xìng bào xíng zuì shuō de zhèng jūn chéng de 'èr tiān (1937 nián 12 yuè 17 xīng ): yòu yòu duō bèi kānshén qíng jīng kǒng de lái liǎoshuō men guò liǎo kǒng zhī běn bīng duàn guāng men de jiācóng 12 suì de shàonǚ dào 60 suì de lǎo dōubèi qiáng jiānzhàng men bèi kāi shìhuái yùn de bèi dāo pōu 1937 nián 12 yuè 16 ( xīng ) de duàn :“ zhī dào jīn tiān yòu duō shǎo qín láo de nóng mín gōng rén bèi shā hài men ràng suǒ yòu 40 suì shàng de huí jiā men de zhàng 'ér zài jǐn ràng men de 'ér 'ér liú xiàjīn men yào zhào kàn qiān duō míng 'ér tóng zhī dào zài zhè zhǒng xià men hái néng jiān chí duō jiǔzhè shì zhǒng míng zhuàng de kǒng 。”
  
  1937 nián 11 yuè 11 shàng hǎi wán quán lún xiàn jūn fēn sān xiàng nán jīngzài suǒ jīng zhī chù jiān yín lüèshāo shā 'è zuò。 12 yuè 5 jūn wèi jīng liè zhàn dǒujiù jìn zhù nán jīng yào zhènshàng hǎi · sānshì biàn hòuguó mín zhèng wéi 'ān quán míng lìng:“ jiē jìn zhàn xué lìng chóu kāi xué bàn 。” nán jīng jīn líng wén xué yuàn chù nán jīng shì zhōng xīn fāng xiào cháng de tóng shì men jīng guò shāng jué dìngzài xiào jiào zhí gōng fēn chéng liǎng fēn fēn qiān bàn xué fēn liú xiào běn bǎo xiào chǎnjiù nànmínliú xiào jiào zhí gōng chéng zhù xiào wéi chí wěi yuán huìtuī měi jiào shòu huá qún shì wéi zhù rèn shízài nán jīng de wài rén shì jué duō shù táo liú xià de 'èr shí wèi wài guó rén tǐng shēn 'ér chū zhìnán jīng 'ān quán guó wěi yuán huì”。 zài zhōng guó zhèng zhī chí xiàhuá chū jīn líng xuéjīn líng wén xué yuàn wéi zhōng xīn zhì lóuxīn jiē kǒu yuē 4 píng fāng gōng de guó 'ān quán wéi guǎn zhào 'ān quán jūn mín de yàohòu yòu qǐng qiú shàng hǎi guó hóng shí huì zhōng guó hóng shí huì chéng rènchéng liǎoguó hóng shí huì nán jīng wěi yuán huì”, huá qún wéi gāi huì de huì yuánjīn yuàn bèi guó wěi yuán huì zhǐ pài wéi 'ān quán zhuān mén shōu róng de bìnàn suǒhuá qún shì dān liǎo zhǐ jūn qiáng bào zhōng guó de jiān rèn huá shì lín wēi shòu mìng gǎn wèi lín shuō de shìchōu kōng xiě de héng héng héng yòu xiē shì zài kōng de jiànxì xiě deyòu xiē shì jīng guò tiān màn cháng 'ér fán máng de gōng zuò hòu wǎn xiě de” (1937 nián 9 yuè 26 ), dàn zhè bìng yǐng xiǎng de zhòng yào jià zhífǎn 'ér ràng hòu rén qīn pèi rén de mèi
  
  12 yuè 13 chén jūn shǒu yóu zhōng huá mén chéng hòudào chù jiān yín lüè shāo shā shí 'ér tóng fēng yōng 'ér lái jīn yuàn de nànmín shōu róng suǒyòu qīng nián zhuāng bàn chéng lǎo deyòu bàn nán zhuāng dehái yòu lǎo ér tóng nán rén jīng kǒng wàn fēnhuá shì shǒu zhe mén quàn shuōwèile duō bǎo xiē nián qīng 'ér tóngqǐng nán shì lǎo huí jiānànmín men zhe qiú zhezhǐ yào néng zài cǎo píng shàng yòu zhī bǎo shàng wàn de rén shēng 'ān quánzài dāng shí shū de huán jìng tán róng huá shì miàn duì de shì qún shòu gèng wéi xiōng cán de běn qīn lüè bīng men měi guó jiào huì xué xiào de pái guó 'ān quán de gàoduì men méi yòu rèn yuē shù zài jūn jìn chéng de tóu 10 tiān měi tiān zhì shǎo yòu 10 dào 20 qún běn bīng dào jīn yuàn zhuā rénqiáng jiān qiǎng jié qián cái men jǐn cóng xué xiào de mén mén qiáng xíng nèihái yòu fān yuè wéi qiáng jìn xiào yuángèng yòu jiān cóng xué xiào 'ǎi de shàng guò láizài dēng guāng de lóu lóu shàng lóu xià luàn zhe jiù duì qiáng jiān
  
   huá qún shì miàn zhì xiào nèi jiào zhí yuán gōng xún luó xiào yuán miàn qǐng lái zàiguó 'ān quán de wài nán shì lún liú shǒu gèng shì cāo láo shì shǒu zài mén fángjiù shì bèi jiào zhǐ jìn xiào lái jiān lüè de bīngcóng men shǒu duó huí zhōng guó zhěng tiān chī shàng cān 'ān dùn de fàn shuì shàng 'ān dùn de jué shǎo bīng yīn nǎo zhe xuè bān bān de dāo wēi xié hái yòu de mán 'ěr guānghuá shì rěn shòu liǎo jué chéng dān liǎo bǎo wàn míng zhōng guó 'ér tóng de zhòng rèn shuōjīn yuàn jiù shì de jiā jué kāi
  
   zài nànmín suǒ duō nànmín shī sàn liǎo qīn rénshēng bié de tòng lǒngzhào zhe nànmín yínghuá shì 'ān wèi mengěi men shèng de xìn xīn shēng huó de yǒng shuō,“ zhōng guó méi yòu wángzhōng guó huì wáng běn dìng huì shī bài。” tóng shí wéi nànmín xún zhǎo shī sàn de qīn rénměi tiān zǎo shàng pài yuán gōng dào nànmín zhōng dēng xiě shàng shī sàn rén de xìng míngrán hòu yóu zhuǎn jiāo 'ān quán guó wěi yuán huì huò jiāo běn shǐ guǎncuī men shè xún zhǎo。 1937 nián 11 yuè xià xúngōng zhàn shàng hǎi de jūn bīng fēn sān xiàng nán jīng jìn bāo chāo。 12 yuè 1 měi guó shǐ guǎn zuì hòu zhào suǒ yòu shàng zhì liú nán jīng de wéi shù duō de měi guó gōng mínjǐng gào men:“ zài chè hòu men jiāng bǎo zhèng men de shēng mìng 'ān quán。” wèi lín zài jiān dìng biǎo shì:“ néng zài zhè shí hòu pāo kāi zhōng guó!” rán hòu zài shǐ guǎn chū shì de lùn níngde zhèng shū shàng qiān shàng de xìng míng héng héng héng zhè jīng shì zhèng zhòng jué liǎo měi guó shǐ guǎn yào kāi nán jīng de qǐng qiú
  
  1937 nián 12 yuè 13 jūn gōng nán jīng chéng zhí shēng huó zài píng huán jìng gōng zuò zài xué xiào zhōng de wèi lín liǎo jūn lìng rén fàzhǐ de bào xínggǎn dào zhèn jīng fèn 。 12 yuè 16 zài zhōng xiě dào:“ jīn wǎn liàng zài yòu 8 héng héng héng 10 míng de chē cóng men zhè 'ér jīng guòdāng chē kāi guò shí men gāo hǎn jiù mìngjiù mìng jiē shàng shān xià shí chuán lái de qiāng shēngshǐ shí dào yòu yòu xiē rén zāo shòu bēi cǎn de qiāng shā mìng yùnér qiě hěn néng men shì shì bīng。”
  
   jìn guǎn jīn xiào yuán mén kǒu guà zhe měi guó guó běn shǐ guǎn de gōng gàodàn duì xiōng bào kuáng de jūn guān bīng zuò yòngměi tiān dōuyòu chéng de jūn huò cóng xiào mén kǒu qiáng xíng xiàohuò guò wéi qiáng xiàowèi lín huì 'ér shǒu zài mén kǒulán hèchì qiáng xíng xiào de jūn huì 'ér yòu gǎn dào xiào nèi fāng gǎn zǒu tōu jìn qiáng de jūnzhèng zài 12 yuè 16 de zhōng suǒ xiě:“ tiān zhōng de duō shù shí jiān wǒdōu xiàng wèi bīng yàng shǒu wèi zài qián mén huò shì bèi jiào chù wèn héng héng héng páo dào xué xiào de fāng duì jìn xiào yuán de yòu běn bīng。” yòu duō wǎn shàng dōushì 'ér shuì biàn néng suí shí lái yìng duì shì jiàn hái zhì xún luó duì shǒu wèi xiào yuánbǎo nànmín de 'ān quánwèi lín zuò wéi nán jīng shā de zhòng yào jiàn zhèng rén zài zhōng xiě dào:“ men zhè xiē rén rèn wéi zhàn zhēng shì mín de zuì xíngshì wéi fǎn zài tiān wàn xīn líng shēn chù chuàng shì jīng shén de zhǒng zuì guòdàn men de liàng fèng xiàn gěi xiē shòu hài zhě xiàn gěi xiē jiā tíng bèi shāobèi qiǎnghuò shì xiē zài zhàn zhēng shí bèi pàofēi zhà shāng de rénbāng zhù men kāng 。” kàn jiàn zhōng guó xiǎo nán hái dài zhe zhè yàng de zhāng lái gěi zhù zài jīn de jiě jiě sòng fànbiàn shàng qián duì xiǎo hái shuō:“ yòng pèi dài tài yáng shì zhōng guó rén men de guó jiā méi yòu wáng yào zhù shì nián yuè dài guò zhè dōng de yǒng yuǎn yào wàng !” shuō zhe bāng nán hái zhāng liǎo xià lái zài zhōng xiě dào:“ cóng jūn shì jiǎo 'ér yánzhàn lǐng nán jīng huì bèi rèn wéi shì jūn de shèng dàn cóng dào fāng miàn 'ér yánzhè shì shī bàishì běn mín de chǐ 。”
  
  1938 niánguó mín zhèng shòu jiǎng wài qiáo de zuì gāo róng héng héng héng lánbáihóng sān jīn shòu héng héng héng cǎi xūn zhāngwèi lín zài jǐn zhāng kǒng de dān jīng jié gōng zuò liǎo shù shí guò de láo cháng de jīng shén yán zhòng shāng hài liǎo de shēn zài jiān de zhōng cháng cháng xiě dào:“ tài juàn liǎojuàn lián xiě chū lái,”“ juàn kǎo”。 zài jiù liǎo duō duō de zhōng guó nànmín zhōng guó hòu liǎo yán zhòng de jīng shén yōu zhèng。 1940 nián 5 yuè 14 zài duō fāng de quàn shuō xià kāi nán jīng huí měi guó zhì bìng zài zhōng xiě dào:“ duō nián lái shēn shēn 'ài zhe jīn bìng qiě shì jìn bāng zhù 。” zhè yàng shuō liǎo què shí zhè yàng zuò liǎodàn shì xiàn zài jiāng kāi xiàn 'ài de zhè qiē liǎo。 1941 nián 5 yuè 14 jiù shì kāi zhōng guó zhōu nián de xuǎn zhè yòu de jié shù liǎo de shēng mìngnián jǐn 55 suìlín zhōng qián réng rán shuō:“ yòu liǎng shēng mìngréng yuàn wéi huá rén 。” de bēi shàng zhe zhōng wén hàn :“ jīn líng yǒng shēng”。
  
   wéi nán jīng shī fàn xué de míng · wèi lín tóng xiàng


  Wilhelmina (Minnie) Vautrin (September 27, 1886 – May 14, 1941) was an American missionary renowned for saving the lives of many women at the Ginling Girls College in Nanjing, China, during the Nanking Massacre.
  
  BiographyMinnie Vautrin was born in Secor, Illinois. She was hard working and spent much of her childhood and teen years earning money to attend college. At 17, she attended Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. She then graduated from the University of Illinois. She began a career in teaching, starting with high school in LeRoy, Illinois.
  
  In 1912, Vautrin made her way to China as a missionary and teacher. During her first few years there she helped found a girls school in Luchowfu. After her first furlough, she returned and helped build and found Ginling Girls College in Nanjing, where she eventually took over as Master of Studies.
  
  When the Japanese army invaded Battle of Nanjing in December 1937, she and the other foreigners in the city, including John Rabe, worked to protect the civilians in the Nanking Safety Zone. Ginling Girls College became a haven of refuge, at times harboring up to 10,000 women in a college designed to support between 200 and 300. With only her wits and the use of an American flag, Vautrin was largely able to repel incursions into her college.
  
  Minnie recounted the horrors of the war in her diary in 1937:
  
  "There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today. Thirty girls were taken from language school last night, and today I have heard scores of heartbreaking stories of girls who were taken from their homes last night—one of the girls was but 12 years old. Food, bedding and money have been taken from people. … I suspect every house in the city has been opened, again and yet again, and robbed. Tonight a truck passed in which there were eight or ten girls, and as it passed they called out "Jiu ming! Jiu ming!"—save our lives. The occasional shots that we hear out on the hills, or on the street, make us realize the sad fate of some man—very probably not a soldier."
  
  On 19 December:
  
  "In my wrath, I wished I had the power to smite them for their dastardly work. How ashamed women of Japan would be if they knew these tales of horror."
  
  In 1938, she wrote in her diary that she had to go to the Japanese embassy repeatedly from December 18 to January 13 to get proclamations to prohibit Japanese soldiers from committing crimes at Ginling because the soldiers tore the documents up before taking women away.
  
  In 1940, weary and stressed, Vautrin took a furlough again from her work. A few months later, haunted by the images she saw and feeling responsible for not being able to save more lives, Vautrin committed suicide by turning on the stove gas in her small apartment in Indianapolis.
  
  After the war, Vautrin was posthumously awarded the Emblem of the Blue Jade by the Chinese government for her sacrifices during the Nanjing Massacre. Her work saving the lives of Chinese civilians during the massacre is recounted in the biographical book, American Goddess at the Rape of Nanking, written by historian Hua-ling Hu.
  
  In the documentary film Nanking, Vautrin was portrayed by actress Mariel Hemingway, who recited excerpts from Vautrin's diary.
  
   References in popular cultureThe hardcore band Hiretsukan honors Wilhelmina Vautrin in their song Song For Wilhelmina Vautrin on their 2005 record End States (lyrics).
  
  In the 2009 movie on John Rabe, Minnie Vautrin is replaced by a fictive Valérie Dupres of an "International Girls College" as an important fellow Nanking Safety Zone committee member.
  
  In Nanjing Requiem, a 2011 novel by Chinese-born writer and Boston University professor Ha Jin, Ha writes from the perspective of a fictionalized assistant to Vautrin named Anling Gao.
    

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