| Gunnar Olof Björling | |
| chūshēngdì： | hè 'ěr xīn jī |
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贡纳尔·比约林(1887-1960)芬兰的瑞典语现代派诗歌的代表人物。主要作品有《安息日》(1922)、《太阳绿》(1933)、《啊，有一天》(1944)等。
贡纳尔·比约林，20世纪芬兰瑞典语诗人。生于赫尔辛基，1901-1902年在陆军军官学校学习，不久进入赫尔辛基大学攻读哲学，试图通过成为哲学家来改变自己的人生。1915年，他从大学毕业后，做过教师，但不久便全职投身于诗歌事业。20世纪20年代，在达达主义及其他现代主义文艺思潮的影响下，他开始探索新诗艺，最终创造出一种达达主义与表现主义融合的独特风格。1922年，他出版了第一部诗集《休息日》，这部诗集比较独特，多由散文诗和和警句构成。此后，他又陆续推出了20部诗集，主要有《十字架与誓约》（1925）、《然而紫罗兰在海洋上吹拂》（1936）、《那种罪孽即蓝色指甲》（1936）、《我知道你》（1938）、《话语，而非别的东西》（1945）、《我们的猫生活时辰》（1949）、《你们去吧，词语》（1955）等。
比约林是20世纪上半期芬兰瑞典语抒情短诗的代表人物之一。他将自己早年的诗风称为“普遍的达达个人主义”，30年代开始，他精心创造了一种诗风，被称为“遗漏句子的部分”或“打破句法”。他的诗歌以日常语言为中心，常常使用最常见的词语，却创造出最罕见的诗意。他的诗洋溢着亲切、可感知的生活的神秘性，这使他成为“真实生活的诗人”。他那种短小、明快的、富于暗示性的抒情诗是从“手稿堆成的群山”里提炼出来的，其独特、清晰、抒情的句法使他的诗风非常个性化，在20世纪北欧诗坛上产生了深远的影响。
Biography
Björling was born in Helsinki. He spent his childhood in Helsinki and Viipuri, and the summer months in Kangasala. Between 1901 and 1902 he attended Hamina Cadet School, and then studied philosophy at the University of Helsinki. One of his teachers was the internationally renowned sociologist Edvard Westermarck, who greatly influenced Björling's thinking. During his school years in Helsinki, Björling became a passionate socialist, was active in the trade unions and participated in several minor operations. However, when the Finnish Civil War broke out in 1918, Björling supported the whites, and helped a telegraphist working for the whites by hiding him in his basement. After the war, Björling participated in one of the courts which sentenced captured reds. Later in life, however, he renounced and distanced himself from his activities during and after the war.
Björling's debut as a poet came in 1922, when he was 35 years old, with Vilande dag, which consists of prose poems and aphorisms, some of them one-liners. Between 1928 and 1929, he contributed to the Swedish-language modernist publication Quosego. Although Björling is principally considered a modernist poet, he also experimented with dadaism, and was sometimes called "Europe's last dadaist".
Björling was openly bisexual in an era when it was broadly seen as a social deviation. The psychoanalyst Mikael Enckell, son of fellow Finnish modernist writer Rabbe Enckell, made the following analysis of Björling's sexuality: "It is not enough that he apparently was bisexual in a time and in a generation when this was socially stigmatizing in a way we can imagine only with difficulty. He himself hardly wholeheartedly affirmed his bisexuality, it was connected with notions of deep shame, moral inferiority and deviation."
Björling died in Helsinki in 1960.
Bibliography
Vilande dag, 1922
Korset och löftet, 1925
Kiri-ra!, 1930
Solgrönt, 1933
Fågel badar snart i vatten, 1934
Att syndens blåa nagel, 1936
Där jag vet att du, 1938
Det oomvända anletet, 1939
Angelägenheten, 1940
Ohjälpligheten, 1943
O finns en dag, 1944
Ord och att ej annat, 1945
Luft är och ljus, 1946
Ohört blott, 1948
Vårt kattliv timmar, 1949
Ett blyertsstreck, 1951
Som alla dar, 1953
Att i sitt öga, 1954
Du går de ord, 1955
References
Ekman, Michel (December 2014). "Björling, Gunnar". Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (in Swedish). Retrieved 22 September 2016.
Hertzberg, Fredrik (June 2006). "Gunnar Björling". nypoesi. Esbo, Finland. Retrieved 22 September 2016.