yuèdòusū shān · gé lín fěi 'ěr dé Susan Greenfieldzài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! | |||
苏珊·格林菲尔德gé lín fěi 'ěr dé shì yīng guó kē xué jiè zuì fù gè xìng hé zhēng yì de rén wù zhī yī。 chú liǎo zài shén jīng xué yán jiū lǐng yù shēng míng xiǎn hè， tā hái shì“ kē pǔ dà shǐ”、 diàn shì tái jié mù zhù chí rén、 shí shàng hé yú lè zá zhì de zuò shàng bīn …… zài péng yǒu hé zhī chí zhě de yǎn zhōng， tā shì chōng mǎn jī qíng hé líng gǎn de“ kē xué dà shǐ”， nǚ kē xué jiā diǎn fàn hé yǒng bù yán juàn de nǚ quán dǒu shì； dàn shì zài pī píng zhě yǎn zhōng， tā zì wǒ chǎo zuò de jì qiǎo chāo guò liǎo tā duì kē xué huò zhě yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ de xuān chuán。
kě néng bǎ huáng jiā xué huì gào pò chǎn
shàng yuè， yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ xuān bù， yóu yú sū shān · gé lín fěi 'ěr dé bù néng shèng rèn xiàn yòu gōng zuò， tè miǎn qù qí lǐ shì zī gé。 gé lín fěi 'ěr dé suí hòu fǎn jī， biǎo shì jiāng yǔ“ lǎo dōng jiā” zài láo gōng fǎ tíng shàng jiàn。 tā shuō：“ wǒ shì yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ 211 nián lì shǐ shàng dì yī wèi dān rèn lǐ shì zhí wù de nǚ xìng， wǒ bù rèn wéi zhè yī jué dìng fú hé xué huì jí qí chéng yuán de lì yì。”
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé rèn wéi， huáng jiā xué huì méi yòu jīng guò quán tǐ huì yuán biǎo jué jiù chè xiāo tā de zhí wù， zhè yǐ jīng chāo chū quán xiàn。 yīn cǐ， tā jiāng yǐ bāo kuò xìng bié qí shì zài nèi de duō xiàng zuì míng tí qǐ sù sòng。
yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ yī míng bù yuàn yì gōng kāi xìng míng de zī shēn chéng yuán shuō， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé zhǐ shì xué huì cái wù wèn tí de“ tì zuì yáng”，“ bù shǎo chéng yuán duì xué huì duì dài tā de fāng shì jí wéi bù mǎn”。 fǎ lǜ jiè rén shì fēn xī， yī dàn gé lín fěi 'ěr dé yíng dé sù sòng， hěn kě néng bǎ huáng jiā xué huì gào pò chǎn。
shén jīng xué yán jiū qiáo chǔ
chéng lì yú 1799 nián de yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ shì shì jiè shàng lì shǐ zuì yōu jiǔ de kē yán zǔ zhì。 1994 nián， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé chéng wéi shǒu wèi zài yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ fā biǎo shèng dàn jié yǎn jiǎng de nǚ xìng。 yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ zuì guǎng wéi rén zhī de jiù shì yī nián yī dù de shèng dàn yǎn jiǎng。 zhè shì mài kè 'ěr · fǎ lā dì zài 1825 nián kāi chuàng de chuán tǒng， mùdì zài yú jī fā hái zǐ men duì kē xué de xīng qù， bì miǎn xiàng chuán tǒng de jiào yù fāng fǎ nà yàng shǐ dé hái zǐ duì kē xué wàng 'ér shēng wèi。 yī bǎi duō nián lái， yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ yī zhí bǎo chí shèng dàn yǎn jiǎng de chuán tǒng， jǐn zài 'èr zhàn qī jiān zhōng duàn guò。
1996 nián， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé chéng wéi niú jīn dà xué yào lǐ xué jiào shòu； 1998 nián， tā chéng wéi yīng guó huáng jiā yán jiū suǒ lǐ shì， tóng nián huò dé fǎ lā dì jiǎng zhāng。 2001 nián， tā huò shí rèn yīng guó shǒuxiàng bù lāi 'ěr fēng wéi zhōng shēn guì zú。 gé lín fěi 'ěr dé chū bǎn guò jǐ běn kē pǔ shū， bìng chuàng lì liǎo sān jiān yán jiū gōng sī。 tā de yán jiū zhuózhòng liǎo jiě yì shí de wù lǐ jī chǔ hé dà nǎo gōng néng jí wěn luàn， lì rú pà jīn sēn zhèng hé 'ā cí hǎi mò bìng， chéng wéi gāi lǐng yù de kē yán qiáo chǔ。
zuì zhí shuài
zhōng qíng shén jīng xué yuán wéi yán jiū“ ài qíng yuán lǐ”
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé 1950 nián chū shēng zài yīng guó lún dūn， chéngzhǎng zài lún dūn xī bù de qí xī kè dì qū， fù mǔ fēn bié shì diàn gōng hé wǔ dǎo yǎn yuán。
cháng yǐ qiē kāi tù zǐ nǎo dài wéi lè
zài gé lín fěi 'ěr dé hěn xiǎo de shí hòu， yòu yī tiān tā cóng jiā fù jìn de ròu pū mǎi liǎo yī zhǐ sǐ liǎo de dòng wù， fàng zài cān zhuō shàng“ jiě pōu”， bǎ fù mǔ xià liǎo yī dà tiào。 gé lín fěi 'ěr dé jiě shì shuō， tā xiǎng kàn kàn nà zhǐ dòng wù de nǎo dài。“ wǒ yǐ qián cóng lái méi yòu kàn guò。” cóng nà shí hòu kāi shǐ， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé duì shén jīng xué de xīng qù zhú jiàn xiǎn xiàn。 tā jīng cháng yǐ qiē kāi tù zǐ nǎo dài wéi lè。
cǐ wài， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé cóng xiǎo jiù fēi cháng rè 'ài yuè dú， rè 'ài de chéng dù qiáng liè dào mǔ qīn yǐ wéi tā yòu máo bìng， dài tā qù kàn yī shēng。
zhōng xué bì yè hòu， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé chéng wèijiā zú de dì yī míng dà xué shēng， zài niú jīn dà xué xué xí zhé xué hé shí yàn xīn lǐ xué， hòu lái hái dào fǎ guó bā lí qù shēn zào yī duàn shí jiān， zuì hòu fǎn huí niú jīn dà xué gé lín xué yuàn dāng chū jí yán jiū yuán。
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé duì yán jiū biǎo xiàn chū jí gāo rè qíng， shǐ tā hěn kuài zài nián qīng nǚ xìng zhōng chéng wéi bǎng yàng， yě bāng zhù tā zài kē xué jiào yù juàn zhōng diàn dìng dì wèi。
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé céng biǎo shì， tā duì shén jīng xué de rè qíng yuán yú tā hěn xiǎng liǎo jiě 'ài qíng bèi hòu de shén jīng xué yuán lǐ。“ nà shí shén jīng xì tǒng kē xué gāng gāng xīng qǐ， wǒ duì tā rú zuì rú chī”。 yú shì， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé kāi shǐ xué xí zuānyán zhè mén xīn xué kē， bìng zài yán jiū 'ā cí hǎi mò bìng yǔ pà jīn sēn zhèng fāng miàn shēng míng què qǐ。
yīng guó kē xué jiè zuì yòu qù de rén
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé bèi shì wéi yīng guó kē xué jiè zuì zhí shuài hé zuì yòu qù de rén wù zhī yī。 tā jù jué yīn xún shǒu jiù， bèi shì wéi nǚ kē xué jiā de xīn diǎn fàn。
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé tí chàng nián qīng kē xué jiā zhāng xiǎn gè xìng， bù néng xiū yú fā yán。 tā shuō：“ yòu xiē rén jué dé zuì zhòng yào de shì qíng shì bǎo zhù fàn wǎn， suǒ yǐ bù gǎn yuè léi chí yī bù…… bù shǎo rén yǐ wéi kē xué jiā shì quē fá shēng huó cháng shí de guài rén， dàn qí shí tā men yě shì zhèng cháng rén…… wǒ men bì xū yǔ shè huì róng hé， tè bié shì wǒ men bì xū yào guān zhù zhēn zhèng yǐng xiǎng rén men shēng huó de shì jiàn。”
zuì huó yuè
kē pǔ zhù chí shí shàng míng rén
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé zuì wéi rén shú zhī de hái shì tā“ kē pǔ tuī dòng zhě” de shēn fèn： tā zhuàn xiě liǎo duō bù yòu guān dà nǎo yǔ yì shí de kē pǔ dú wù， bìng shí cháng duì gōng zhòng fā biǎo yǎn jiǎng。 tā tóng shí hái shì yīng guó guǎng bō gōng sī diàn shì jié mù zhù chí rén。
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé jiē shòu shí shàng zá zhì fǎng wèn shí， hái zì jǐ shè jì fú zhuāng。 zài yīng guó shí shàng zá zhì Harpers&Queen píng xuǎn de“ quán qiú zuì jù yǐng xiǎng lì 50 míng nǚ xìng” páiháng bǎng shàng， tā wèi liè dì 14 wèi。 tā zài lǐng jiǎng shí hái kāi wán xiào shuō：“ duō lì · pà dùn（ měi guó xiāng cūn yīnyuè nǚ gē shǒu， yǐ xiōng bù ‘ wěi 'àn ’ zhù míng） kě shì pái dì jiǔ wèi。”
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé zài méi tǐ miàn qián de biǎo xiàn rě lái bù shǎo fēi yì。 tā céng gōng kāi biǎo shì xī wàng yōng yòu kǎi lì · mǐ nuò nà yàng mí rén de tún bù qū xiàn。 tā de chuānzhuó pǐn wèi nǎi zhì qún zǐ de cháng dù yě yǐn qǐ yī xiē rén de zhǐ zhǐ diǎn diǎn， yòu rén shèn zhì fěng cì chēng nà shì yī bǎi nián qián de fēng gé。
yòu rén zhì yí shēn jiān duō zhí de gé lín fěi 'ěr dé bù kě néng zhuān zhù yú kē yán gōng zuò。 duì cǐ tā fèn fèn bù píng：“ zhè bù gōng píng。 wǒ měi nián fā biǎo sān dào sì piān xué shù lùn wén。” tā biǎo shì， wèile gōng zuò， zì jǐ fàng qì liǎo hěn duō píng cháng rén de“ tè quán”， lì rú yuán yì、 kàn diàn shì huò zhě shuì lǎn jué。“ wǒ měi tiān sì shí zuǒ yòu jiù qǐ chuáng。 rú guǒ zài lún dūn， wǒ 6 shí 30 fēn jiù chū mén shàng bān。 wǒ biān chī zǎo cān biān gōng zuò。 dào liǎo wǎn shàng， wǒ kě néng hái yào dào diàn shì tái zhù chí jié mù。”
zuì zhēng yì
shè jiāo wǎng zhàn sǔn hài 'ér tóng dà nǎo？
bù guò， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé zuì shòu zhēng yì de què shì qí yòu guān hù lián wǎng wēi xiǎn xìng de yán lùn。 zuì jìn， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé shēng chēng“ Twitter”、“ liǎn pǔ”（ Facebook） hé“ xū nǐ rén shēng”（ SecondLife） zhī lèi de shè jiāo wǎng zhàn“ gǎi biàn rén lèi sī wéi fāng shì”， huì duì 'ér tóng dà nǎo zào chéng yǒng jiǔ sǔn shāng， zhè yī guān diǎn zāo dào bù shǎo pī píng， bìng yǐn fā dà tǎo lùn。
gé lín fěi 'ěr dé céng zài《 ID： zài 21 shì jì xún zhǎo shēn fèn》 yī shū zhōng biǎo shì， nà xiē huā dà liàng shí jiān yǔ píng mù hù dòng de rén qíng gǎn huì biàn dé lěng mò， tā men shì shēng mìng wéi yī xì liè xū yào lì jí fǎn yìng de luó ji rèn wù。 yǔ yán néng lì、 xiǎng xiàng lì hé fēn xī lì dōubèi xuē ruò， zhù yì lì suō duǎn。 xiàn shí hé xū nǐ shēng huó kě néng huì chū xiàn hùn xiáo。“ guò qù rén lèi xí guàn yú tīng gù shì， yòu hěn qiáng de jì yì lì。 xiàn zài jiù shì xíng dòng、 fǎn yìng、 xíng dòng、 fǎn yìng。”
bèi pī quē fá yán jiū shù jù zhī chí
pī píng zhě rèn wéi， méi tǐ dǎ chū de yī xì liè sǒng dòng de biāo tí， lì rú“ shè jiāo wǎng zhàn sǔn hài 'ér tóng dà nǎo： dǐng jiān shén jīng xué jiā xiàng fù mǔ fā chū lìng rén bù hán 'ér lì de jǐng gào”， yǐ jí“ diàn nǎo kě néng jiā shēn féi pàng wēi jī” děng， dōushì gé lín fěi 'ěr dé de“ jié zuò”。 zhè xiē guān diǎn suī rán dà dǎn， dàn què quē fá rèn hé yán jiū shù jù de zhī chí。
yīng guó yī xué zhuān jiā hé méi tǐ zhuàn gǎo rén běn · gē dá kè lǐ rèn wéi， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé yīnggāi tōng guò zhuàn xiě hé fā biǎo jù yòu yán jǐn kē xué shù jù de yán jiū lùn wén lái biǎo dá tā de guān diǎn， ér bù yìng lì yòng méi tǐ zuò wéi píng tái lái xuàn rǎn tā guān yú“ jì shù xié 'è xìng” de jiǎ shè。
gē dá kè lǐ biǎo shì：“ guān yú diàn nǎo， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé yòu zhè yàng yī zhǒng guān niàn， tā rèn wéi diàn nǎo gěi xiǎo hái zào chéng yán zhòng de huán jìng wēi hài。 zhè zhǒng guān niàn yǐ jīng bèi tā guǎng fàn dì chuán bō kāi qù， yīn cǐ tā yòu zé rèn tōng guò zài xué shù qī kān fā biǎo lùn wén de fāng shì， yòng xué shù zhèng jù lái xiàng tā de tóng xíng hé gōng zhòng（ zhè gèng zhòng yào） lái qīng chǔ chǎn míng zhè yī zhǒng lǐ lùn。”
duì yú gē dá kè lǐ de zhè yī jiàn yì， gé lín fěi 'ěr dé de huí yìng què shì，“ nǐ jiù xiàng nà xiē fǒu rèn xī yān kě zhì 'ái de rén yī yàng”。
Greenfield is Professor of Synaptic Pharmacology at Lincoln College, Oxford. On 1 February 2006, she was installed as Chancellor of Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh. Until 8 January 2010, she was director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, but following a review, she was made redundant.
Early life
Baroness Greenfield was born in the west London borough of Hammersmith to Doris (Thorp) and Myer Reginald Greenfield, a machine operator, whose parents were Austrian and Russian. Greenfield attended the private Godolphin and Latymer School, and was the first member of her family to go on to university, at St Hilda's College, Oxford.
Career
Greenfield's research is focused on brain physiology, particularly the etiology of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, but she is best known as a populariser of science. Greenfield has written several popular-science books about the brain and consciousness, and regularly gives public lectures, and appears on radio and television.
In 1994, she was invited to be the first woman to give the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture, then sponsored by the BBC. Her lecture was titled "Journey to the centre of the brain". She was appointed Director of the Royal Institution in 1998 and Adelaide's Thinker in Residence for 2004 and 2005. From 1995 to 1999, she gave public lectures as Gresham Professor of Physic.
Greenfield created three research and biotechnology companies: Synaptica, BrainBoost, and Neurodiagnostics, which research neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. She is a Patron of Dignity in Dying and a founder and trustee of the charity Science for Humanity, a network of scientists, researchers and technologists that collaborates with non-profits to create practical solutions to the everyday problems of developing communities. The idea of matching scientific capability with the needs of poor communities came to her while writing Tomorrow's People, a book in which she imagined a future world of "techno haves and techno have-nots". She felt that the democratization and dissemination of science through organizations like Science for Humanity was a way to avoid such a future.
Political affiliation
Baroness Greenfield sits in the United Kingdom Parliament in the House of Lords as a crossbencher, having no formal political affiliation. Records of Baroness Greenfield's activity in the House of Lords indicate abstention on a range of issues.
Award
As well as several honorary degrees
, Greenfield has been awarded the Royal Society's Michael Faraday Prize, and in January 2000, received the CBE for her contribution to the public understanding of science. Dimbleby Lecturer 1999. Hon Australian of the Year 2006. She is a Patron of the Alzheimer's Research Trust. In 2003, she was appointed a Chevalier Légion d'Honneur by the French Government, and in June 2001, she was created a Life Peer, as Baroness Greenfield, of Ot Moor in the County of Oxfordshire.
Controversy
Greenfield has expressed concerns that modern technology, and in particular social networking sites, may have a negative impact on child development.
In this respect, she has been criticised by Ben Goldacre for claiming that technology has adverse effects on the human brain, without having undertaken any research or properly evaluating available evidence. Goldacre called on her to "[formally] write up her concerns about computers damaging childrens' brains", to which she replied that he is "like the people who denied that smoking caused cancer".
Personal life
Greenfield was married to an Oxford University Professor of Physical Chemistry, Peter Atkins; they divorced in 2005.