yuèdòusū shān nà · mù dí Susanna Moodiezài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!! |
sū shān nà · mù dí( SusannaMoodie) 1803 nián 12 yuè 6 rì chū shēng zài yīng gé lán shā fú kè jùn yī gè fù yù de zhōng chǎn jiē jí jiā tíng。 fù qīn tuō mǎ sī · sī tè lǐ kè lán xué shí yuān bó, zhòng shì zǐ nǚ de jiào yù hé wén xué sù yǎng。 jǐ gè hái zǐ dū shàn cháng xiě zuò, sù yòu “ sī tè lǐ kè lán wén xué zhī jiā ”( TheLiteraryStricklands) zhī chēng, sū shān nà shì zhè gè wén xué zhī jiā zhōng zuì xiǎo de chéng yuán。 tā de liǎng gè jiě jiě yī lì suō bái hé 'ài gé ní sī shì《 yīng gé lán nǚ wáng men de shēng huó》 yī shū de zuò zhě, lìng yī gè jiě jiě kǎi sè lín · pà 'ěr, shì jiā ná dà wén xué shǐ shàng yǔ sū shān nà běn rén qí míng de nǚ zuò jiā kǎi sè · lín pà 'ěr · tè léi 'ěr( CatherineParrTraill, 1802 héng 1899), xiě yòu《 jiā ná dà de cóng lín dì qū》、《 jiā ná dà sēn lín gù shì》 děng xǔ duō zuò pǐn, gē gē sài miù 'ěr yě xiě yòu《 zài jiā ná dà xī bù de 'èr shí qī nián suì yuè》 yī shū, pō yòu míng qì。 1818 nián fù qīn qù shì hòu, sū shān nà jiě mèi jǐ gè kāi shǐ fā biǎo qīng shàonián zuò wù, hái wéi dāng shí de yī xiē fù nǚ zá zhì zhuàn gǎo。 zhè xiē zǎo qī de zuò pǐn wén xué jià zhí suī rán bù gāo, dàn wéi nǚ zuò jiā jīn hòu de xiě zuò dǎ xià liǎo jiān shí de jī chǔ。
1831 nián sū shān nà yí jū lún dūn, jī jí cān jiā fǎn duì nú lì zhì de huó dòng, zhuàn xiě fǎn duì nú lì zhì de xiǎo cè zǐ, zài cǐ qī jiān yù dào tuì yì jūn guān yuē hàn · wéi dé bó 'ēn · dèng bā · mù dí, èr rén xiāng 'ài bìng jié hūn。 1832 nián mù dí fū fù yí mín jiā ná dà, tóng nián jiě jiě kǎi pí lín yǔ zhàng fū tuō mǎ sī · tè léi 'ěr, hái yòu gē gē yī jiā, dū yí mín jiā ná dà, yī duàn shí qī sān jiā zài cóng lín dì qū xiāng hù lí dé bù yuǎn。 mù dí fū fù dào jiā ná dà hòu zài bǐ dé bó lè yǐ běi de cóng lín zhōng tuò huāng, xiān hòu jīng yíng guò liǎng chù nóng chǎng, cháng dá jìn bā nián zhī jiǔ, zhè yī duàn jiān xīn de shēng huó jīng lì shēng dòng dì jì shù zài tā zuì chū sè de zuò pǐn《 cóng lín zhōng de jiān kǔ suì yuè》( RoughingItintheBush, 1852) zhōng。 1840 nián tā zhàng fū bèi wěi rèn wéi wéi xiāng lì yà dì qū de zhì 'ān zhǎngguān, quán jiā suì qiān wǎng bèi 'ěr wéi 'ěr zhèn, cóng cǐ jié shù liǎo cóng lín zhōng de tuò huāng shēng huó。 dàn tuò huāng shēng huó duì sū shān nà · mù dí de wén xué chuàng zuò zhì guān zhòng yào, diàn dìng tā wén xué dì wèi bìng bù duàn tí gāo tā wén xué shēng wàng de jǐ bù zuò pǐn dōushì yǐ zhè duàn tuò huāng shēng huó wéi bèi jǐng, dà liàng de zhōng duǎn piān zuò pǐn yě yǐ tuò huāng shēng huó wéi sù cái, tuò huāng shēng huó chéng liǎo tā wén xué chuàng zuò qǔ zhī bù jìn de yuán quán。
1839 nián dào 1851 nián jiān tā shì méng tè lì 'ěr《 wén xué huā huán》 zá zhì( LiteraryGarland) de zhù yào zhuàn gǎo rén, xiě xià liǎo dà liàng de shī wén, 1847 nián dào 1848 nián jiān hái tóng zhàng fū gòng tóng zhù biān dāng dì de《 wéi duō lì yà zá zhì》, yǐ fēng fù zhōng xià céng mín zhòng de jīng shén shēng huó。 1852 nián dào 1854 nián jiān, tā de sān bù jiā ná dà tí cái de cháng piān zuò pǐn xiān hòu zài lún dūn chū bǎn, tā men shì《 cóng lín zhōng de jiān kǔ suì yuè》、《 tuò huāng shēng huó》( LifeintheClearings, 1853) hé《 fú luò lā · lín sài》( FloraLyndsagy, 1854)。 chú liǎo zhè sān bù jiā ná dà tí cái de zuò pǐn wài, sū shān nà · mù dí hái yòu jǐ bù yīng guó tí cái de xiǎo shuō, qí zhōng bǐ jiào zhòng yào de shì《 mǎ kè · hè dào sī tōng》( MarkHurdlestone, 1853)。 1869 nián zhàng fū qù shì hòu, mù dí fū rén yí jū duō lún duō, zhí zhì 1885 nián 4 yuè 8 rì shì shì, xiǎng nián bā shí yòu 'èr。
《 cóng lín zhōng de jiān kǔ suì yuè》 1852 nián 1 yuè shǒu bǎn yú lún dūn, dāng nián 6 yuè zài niǔ yuē chóngyìn, duō nián lǐ què méi chū yī gè jiā ná dà bǎn běn。 zhí zhì jiā ná dà zì zhì lǐng tǔ guó chéng lì( 1867 nián) hòu, yú 1871 nián cái yòu liǎo jiā ná dà bǎn běn。 mù dí fū rén wéi zhè dì yī gè běn guó bǎn běn xiě liǎo xù yán, zhè shí hé zuò zhě suǒ jì shù de cóng lín shí dài yǐ xiāng gé sì shí nián。 1962 nián, yìng jiā ná dà dú zhě de guǎng fàn yào qiú, yóu zhù míng wén shǐ xué jiā kǎ 'ěr · kè lín kè chóngxīn biān ji liǎo gāi shū, qǔ diào liǎo yóu mù dí xiān shēng xiě de jǐ zhāng yǐ jí suī yóu mù dí fū rén suǒ xiě、 dàn zhù tí jiào sàn、 nèi róng bù wán zhěng de jǐ zhāng, cóng 'ér xíng chéng zhè gè bǐ jiào jǐn còu de bǎn běn, yóu mài kè lǐ lán yǔ sī tú yà tè chū bǎn gōng sī chū bǎn, 1987 nián chóngyìn, liè rù jiā ná dà xīn wén kù cóng shū。 zhōng yì běn biàn shì gēn jù 1987 nián zhè gè chóngyìn běn yì chū de。
19 shì jì zǎo qī de jiā ná dà wén xué jī běn shàng dōushì yí mín、 tuò huāng、 tàn xiǎn、 lǚ yóu děng fāng miàn de zī liào xìng jì shù, dào《 cóng lín zhōng de jiān kǔ suì yuè》 cái jù bèi liǎo bǐ jiào wán zhěng de wén xué xìng。 tā shì yī bù zìzhuàn xìng de zuò pǐn, dàn chū zì yī wèi xiǎo shuō jiā de shǒu bǐ, yòu liǎo xǔ duō jīng xīn cèhuà de xū gòu qíng jǐng, tū chū liǎo rén wù miáo xiě, zài nà gè shí dài kě suàn shì wén tán yī gè gāo fēng。 suī shì suí bǐ jí, dàn jiǎng liǎo hěn duō yòu qù de gù shì, bù shǎo zhāng jié dōukě yǐ dān dú chéng piān, yīn 'ér quán shū kě kàn zuò shì yī bù duǎn piān xiǎo shuō jí; yòu yīn qián hòu guàn chuānzhuó tuò huāng shēng huó de zhù tí, dàngzuò yī bù cháng piān xiǎo shuō lái dú yě wèi cháng bù kě。 suǒ jì dōushì zài cóng lín nà gè fēng bì de huán jìng zhōng zì jǐ hé zhōu wéi zhī rén de cháng qíng sú shì, gè yòu gè de chóu cháng, gè yòu gè de suàn jì, gè yòu gè de jiàn shí, gè yòu gè de gè xìng, shí bù shí lì yòng suí bǐ bǐ jiào zì yóu de bǐ diào, chā rù zuò zhě de guān chá yǔ sī kǎo, ráo yòu qù wèi。 suí zhe shí jiān de tuī yí, tǐ xiàn zhe wén xué yì shù tè diǎn de shēng huó nèi róng tóng shí yòu zhé shè chū yáo yuǎn de guò qù, xiān míng de yì shù xìng hé hòu zhòng de lì shǐ gǎn wéi zhè bù zuò pǐn bù duàn zēng tiān jià zhí, shǐ zhī yuè lái yuè shòu dào dú zhě de xǐ 'ài hé yán jiū zhě de zhòng shì。
1970 nián, jiā ná dà dāng dài zhù míng zuò jiā、 shī rén、 píng lùn jiā mǎ gé lì tè、 ā tè wǔ dé gēn jù sū shān nà · mù dí de tuò huāng jīng lì xiě liǎo zǔ shī《 sū shān nà · mù dí rì jì》( MargaretAtwood, TheJournalsofSusannaMoodie, OxforUniversityPress, Toronto, 1970), cóng mù dí fū rén shēn shàng zǒng jié chū liǎo jiā ná dà rén de xìng gé tè diǎn, chēng zhī wéi“ jí dù shuāngchóng xìng”, yī zhǒng jīng shén fēn liè zhèng, chū zì duì jiā ná dà zhè piàn chōng mǎn zì yóu yě chōng mǎn jiān xīn de dà dì yòu 'ài yòu hèn de fù zá gǎn qíng。 zhè sì hū shuō dé yán zhòng liǎo xiē, rán 'ér què shì dú jù jiā ná dà tè sè de shēn kè sī kǎo。 lì lái de yí mín tuò huāng, shì lüè duó、 zhēng fú zhí mín dì de tóng yì yǔ, tuò huāng zhě zǒng shì jiàn gōng lì yè, dà huò quán shèng, huí shǒu wǎng shì, mǎn huái zì háo。 kě shì zài jiā ná dà dú tè de zì rán huán jìng zhōng héng héng guǎng mào wú yín de dà dì, rén jì hǎn zhì de sēn lín, bīng tiān xuě dì de huāng yě, jié 'ào bù xùn de huán jìng, rén zài qí zhōng rú yī kē ruò cǎo, wēi bù zú dào, wú bǐ miǎo xiǎo, wú xiàn bēi 'āi, hé tán zhēng fú, hé tán háo mài。 néng kǔ kǔ zhēngzhá cún huó xià lái biàn shì wàn xìng, suǒ tǐ yàn dào de chú liǎo tuò huāng rén yào gòng tóng jīng shòu de jiān nán kùn kǔ hé zì rán zāi hài wài, jiù zhǐ yòu wú kě nài hé de shī bài gǎn。 yóu qí shì mù dí fū rén zhè yàng de tuò huāng yí mín, lái zì jǐ jìn rù gōng yè wén míng de 'ōu zhōu zōng zhù guó, guò guàn liǎo zhōng chǎn jiē jí de yōu yù shēng huó, dài zhe shàng liú shè huì de chuán tǒng jià zhí guān hé zhù rén gōng de yōu yuè gǎn lái dào jiā ná dà de mán huāng zhī dì, ér zhè piàn huāng yě bù jiē shòu tā de wén míng, bù chéng rèn tā de zhù rén dì wèi, rén yǔ zì rán chǔyú chōng tū zhuàng tài, yóu cǐ zào chéng xīn lǐ hé jīng shén shàng de jù dà yā lì。 rú guǒ shuō jiān nán kùn kǔ zào chéng de shēng lǐ yā lì shàng kě rěn shòu de huà, yǔ shēng cún huán jìng gé gé bù rù 'ér yǐn qǐ de xīn lǐ yā lì wǎng wǎng huì zào chéng yán zhòng hòu guǒ, zhòng zé jīng shén fēn liè, qīng zé xíng chéng 'ài hèn jiāo zhì de shuāngchóng xìng gé。 jiā ná dà shì gè yí mín guó jiā, měi gè yí mín dōuyòu lèi sì yú mù dí fū rén de jīng lì huò gǎn shòu; jí shǐ shì chū shēng zài jiā ná dà de hòu bèi, duì zhè piàn tā men wú fǎ wán quán liǎo jiě de guò yú guǎng kuò de dà dì réng rán xiàng mò shēng rén yī yàng huái zhe kǒng jù xīn lǐ, chú fēi lí tā 'ér qù, fǒu zé shì bì yǔ sū shān nà · mù dí yī yàng xuǎn zé duì tā yòu 'ài yòu hèn de shuāngchóng xìng。 zhè zhǒng shuāngchóng xìng kě yǐ kàn zuò jiā ná dà rén de jí tǐ wú yì shí, sū shān nà · mù dí yě jiù chéng liǎo quán tǐ jiā ná dà rén de yuán xíng。
sū shān nà · mù dí yí mín jiā ná dà shí dài zhe liǎng gè zì shēn gù yòu de míng xiǎn tè diǎn: yī shì shàng liú shū nǚ de gāo guì qì zhì, èr shì wéi duō lì yà shí dài de làng màn qíng diào。 gāo guì qì zhì shǐ tā yǔ zhōu wéi de rén gòu chéng de shè huì chǎn shēng chōng tū, làng màn qíng diào shǐ tā yǔ jiā ná dà de mán huāng zì rán chǎn shēng chōng tū。 tā yǐ shàng děng rén de yǎn guāng kàn dài yī qiē, shòu dào wéi lì shì tú、 jīng míng wù shí de měi guó yí mín de cháo xiào hé yú nòng。 yǎng zūn chù yōu de xí guàn shǐ tā lí bù kāi pú rén nǚ yōng, méi yòu sī háo dú lì láo zuò de pō là jīng shén, shèn zhì yīn pà niú 'ér dé qiú bié rén tì tā jǐ niú nǎi( dì 10 zhāng)。 gēn shēn dì gù de děng jí guān niàn shǐ tā bù lǐ jiě rén rén píng děng de“ gòng hé” jīng shén, duì pú rén yǔ zhù zǐ píng qǐ píng zuò shēn 'è tòng jué; suī rán tā duì zhù pú guān xì de biàn huà yòu shēn kè lùn shù( dì 11 zhāng), dàn tā shǐ zhōng fàng bù xià shū nǚ de gāo guì jià zǐ, wú fǎ biàn chéng zhēn zhèng de tuò huāng rén, zhè yě shì tā rèn wéi shēn shì shū nǚ tuò huāng zhǐ huì shī bài bù huì chéng gōng de zhù yào yuán yīn。 tā duì zì rán de liǎo jiě shì zǎo qī làng màn pài shī gē zhōng mí rén de yīng guó shì tián yuán fēng guāng, ér jiā ná dà de zì rán dài gěi tā de zhù yào shì yī xì liè de zāinàn: wēn yì、 nüè jí、 huǒ zāi、 yá mài, hái yòu dòng dé tā zhí kū de yán dōng( dì 8 zhāng)、 yě xióng 'è láng zào chéng de kǒng jù, rú cǐ děng děng, zì rán duì tā huàn shàng liǎo yán kù mò shēng de miàn kǒng, shèn zhì lǚ lǚ wēi xié tā de shēng cún。 tā chū yú rè 'ài zì rán de tiān xìng, néng xīn shǎng bié rén bù yǐ wéi rán de měi jǐng, jīng cháng zàn tàn jiā ná dà zì rán de zhuàng kuò hé tǔ dì de féi wò, shēn xìn jiā ná dà de měi hǎo qián jǐng, jiàn jiàn bǎ jiā ná dà dāng gù xiāng yī bān yǐ liàn, kě shì yī dào shí jì shēng huó zhōng, dà zì rán de cǎn liè wǎng wǎng cuò bài tā de làng màn, tā xīn huī yì lěng, bù yóu dé gǎn tàn tā“ duì jiā ná dà de 'ài shì yī zhǒng jìn hū sǐ qiú duì jiān láo de gǎn qíng。 sǐ qiú xiǎng táo chū láo fáng, wéi yī de xī wàng zhǐ néng shì tōng guò fén mù de mén。”( dì 7 zhāng)
rán 'ér mù dí fū rén bì jìng shì gè jiān qiáng de nǚ xìng, tuò huāng jìn bā nián bìng méi yòu jìn rù fén mù zhī mén, ér shì wán qiáng dì cún huó liǎo xià lái。 zuì hòu fàng qì zài chǎng, zuò wéi tuò huāng rén shì shī bài liǎo, dàn zuò wéi yī zhǒng shēng cún guò chéng zhōng de fèn dǒu zhě, tā hái shì chéng gōng liǎo。 quán shū fēn wéi liǎng gè bù fēn, dì yī bù fēn yǐ mù dí fū rén yǔ zhōu wéi rén gòu chéng de shè huì chōng tū wéi zhù, dì 'èr bù fēn yǐ mù dí fū rén tóng zì rán de chōng tū wéi zhù, guàn chuān zài liǎng bù fēn zhōng yòu yòu lìng yī céng cì, jí mù dí fū rén tóng zì jǐ de chōng tū。 zài zhè sān gè céng cì de chōng tū zhōng, mù dí fū rén zài biǎo xiàn yīng guó shū nǚ de gāo guì jià zǐ de tóng shí, yòu biǎo xiàn chū jiā ná dà rén tè yòu de kuān hòu xiōng jīn hé jìn lì shì yìng zì rán de rěn nài jīng shén。 zài miáo xiě zhōu wéi de rén shí, mù dí fū rén zuò dào liǎo zhēn shí、 kè guān、 gōng zhèng。 tā háo bù yǎn shì zì jǐ de guān diǎn hé tài dù, yóu qí bù yǎn shì děng jí guān niàn; tā bǐ xià de yīng guó yí mín, rú bàn fēng de tānɡ mǔ · wēi 'ěr xùn, chén mò de liè rén jiān guài rén bù lài 'ēn, lài zài tā jiā bù zǒu de mǎ 'ěr kē mǔ, dū chū shēn gāo guì, dàn tā zhēn shí dì jì shù liǎo tā men de guài yì zhī chù hé shī bài de yí mín jīng lì, bìng yóu cǐ kè guān dì dé chū shēn shì shū nǚ bù shì hé yú yí mín jiā ná dà、 gèng bù shì hé yú cóng lín tuò huāng de jié lùn。 tā shòu dào zhōu wéi měi guó yí mín de qī piàn hé cháo nòng, tǎo yàn tā men, yě cóng yì shí shēn chù kàn bù qǐ zhè xiē xià céng rén, dàn tā duì tā men de qín láo yǔ zhì huì jǐyǔ zūn zhòng, duì tā men yí mín de xīn suān xīn huái tóng qíng, tóng shí rèn wéi néng shì yìng zì rán yòu néng kǔ gān de láo dòng jiē jí cái shì wèi lái jiā ná dà de zhù rén。 tā men méi yòu chuán tǒng wén míng de xīn lǐ chén jī, méi yòu chén guī dìng jiàn de shù fù, yī qiē cóng shí jì chū fā, qiáng zhuàng de tǐ gé hé jīng míng de tóu nǎo zú yǐ bǎo zhèng tā men de chéng gōng。 tè bié shì tā hé pú rén nǚ yōng de guān xì, suí zhe tā zài yǔ shè huì、 yǔ zì rán、 yǔ zì shēn sān zhǒng chōng tū zhōng mó liàn jìn bù, píng děng yì shí bù duàn zēng qiáng, dào hòu lái de yuē hàn hé zhān nī shí, tā yǐ jīng dòng shǒu gànhuó, zài láo dòng zhōng yǔ xià rén jié chéng liǎo péng yǒu。 kě jiàn jiān kǔ láo dòng néng yī dìng chéng dù shàng xiāo chú jiē jí zhàng 'ài hé jiē jí piān jiàn, zhè bù jǐn shì jiā ná dà de yī gè tè sè, ér qiě yě shì yī tiáo pǔ biàn zhēn lǐ。
fàng xià chòu jià zǐ, gān dāng xiǎo xué shēng, shí nǎi jiě jué yǔ shè huì、 yǔ zì rán、 yǔ zì shēn zhū duō chōng tū de zhì shàn liáng fāng, dāng mù dí fū rén“ yǔ zì jǐ de zì zūn xīn hěn hěn dǒu zhēng yīcháng, cái miǎnqiǎng dāyìng dào dì lǐ gān diǎn xiǎo huó 'ér” shí( dì 14 zhāng), tā jiù shí xiàn liǎo jīng shén shàng de shí zhì xìng fēi yuè。 láo dòng shì shì yìng zì rán, duàn liàn zì jǐ de zuì hǎo fāng shì。 zhè gè dào lǐ duì yú láo dòng zhě lái shuō jiǎn dān bù guò, dàn duì yú yī gè zī chǎn jiē jí de gāo guì shū nǚ lái jiǎng, wú yì yú tuō tāi huàn gǔ de shì jiè guān gǎi zào。 mù dí fū rén zǒu chū liǎo zhè yī bù, suī shì pò bù dé yǐ, dàn yì yì xiāng dāng shēn yuǎn。 tā fā míng liǎo pú gōng yīng kā fēi, xué huì liǎo gēng zuò bǔ lāo, xiàng nán zǐ yī yàng jīng yíng nóng chǎng, zhè xiē bù jǐn shì rèn shí zì rán, shì yìng zì rán de chéng guǒ, yě shì tā zhàn shèng yuán lái de zì wǒ de chéng guǒ。 láo dòng hěn dà chéng dù shàng huǎn jiě liǎo shēng cún huán jìng duì tā zào chéng de yā lì, huǒ zāi zhī shí tā jìng néng fèn bù gù shēn lì wǎn wēi jú, àn shì zhe tā huò dé liǎo yī zhǒng“ zhěng jiù” néng lì, bù dàn néng jiě jiù zì rán zāinàn, ér qiě néng pái chú xīn lǐ yā lì, jiě jiù jīng shén wēi jī。 tā méi yòu zài yǔ shè huì、 yǔ zì rán、 yǔ zì shēn de sān zhǒng chōng tū jiā jī xià huàn shàng jīng shén fēn liè zhèng, yě méi yòu wán quán fàng qì tā de wén míng yǔ làng màn, tā tōng guò láo dòng dá dào zhōng yōng, zài shēn shì shū nǚ de yí mín yǔ láo dòng jiē céng de yí mín zhī jiān jìn lì xié diào, bǎo chí zì jǐ de · dú lì gè xìng。 kě yǐ shuō《 cóng lín zhōng de jiān kǔ suì yuè》 zhōng yòu liǎng gè mù dí fū rén, yī gè shì duì jiā ná dà yòu 'ài yòu hèn de shuāngchóng xìng gé yuán xíng, lìng yī gè shì tōng guò zì shēn nǔ lì。 bù duàn bǔ jiù shuāngchóng xìng gé de fēn liè qīng xiàng、 zài gè zhǒng chōng tū zhōng lì qiú píng héng de jiā ná dà lǐ xìng yuán xíng。
《 cóng lín zhōng de jiān kǔ suì yuè》 chū bǎn jù jīn jiāng jìn yī gè bàn shì jì, zài jiā ná dà wén xué shǐ shàng sù xiǎng jīng diǎn míng zuò zhī yù, zài zhěng gè yīng yǔ wén xué zhōng yě zhàn yòu yī xí zhī dì。 dàn yě yòu rén jīng cháng pī píng gāi shū méi yòu gù dìng de xíng shì, dà bù fènnèi róng shì hù bù xiāng guān de língsan yì shì。 quán shū shì cún zài zhè yī lèi de wèn tí, bù guò rú jīn dú lái yìng dāng lǐ jiě mù dí fū rén dāng nián xiě zuò de bèi jǐng。 tā suī yòu hěn cháng de xiě zuò jīng lì, dàn tā zhù yào shì jiā ná dà de tuò huāng yí mín, shì xián qī liáng mǔ, jiā tíng zhù fù, bù shì yán gé yì yì shàng de zhuān yè zuò jiā。 gèng wéi zhòng yào de shì, tā xiě zuò shì chū yú jīng jì yuán yīn, yào yòng bǐ zhèng qián tiē bǔ jiā yòng, nà me lā dà piān fú, chā rù lí tí zhī lùn yě zài qíng lǐ zhī zhōng。 zǎi xì kǎo chá, mù dí fū rén suàn dé shàng xiàn shí zhù yì yǔ làng màn zhù yì xiāng jié hé de hǎo shǒu bǐ, zài《 cóng lín zhōng de jiān kǔ suì yuè》 zhōng shù shì xiě rén kè guān gōng yǔn, xiě jǐng shū qíng qí tè làng màn, biǎo dá gè rén de kàn fǎ zhēn shí tǎn zhí, háo bù yǎn shì。 jí xīng 'ér lái yòu lüè dài yōu mò de bǐ xià yǒng tǎng zhe zhēn rén、 zhēn shì、 zhēn jǐng、 zhēn qíng、 zhēn xìng gé huì chéng de juān juān xì liú, guān zhī píng dàn, pǐn zhī yòu wèi, zhè dà gài shì zhè bù zuò pǐn de yì shù mèi lì suǒ zài。
Biography
Moodie was the younger sister of three other writers. She wrote her first children's book in 1822, and published other children's stories in London, including books about Spartacus and Jugurtha. In London she was also involved in the anti-slavery movement. On 4 April 1831, she married John Moodie, a retired officer who had served in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1832, with her husband and daughter, Moodie emigrated to Canada. The family settled on a farm in Douro township, near Lakefield, north of Peterborough, Upper Canada, where her brother Samuel worked as a surveyor, and where artifacts are housed in a museum. Founded by Samuel, the museum was formerly an Anglican church and overlooks the Otonabee river where Susanna once canoed. It also displays artifacts concerning both Samuel and Catharine Parr Traill.
Moodie continued to write in Canada and her letters and journals contain valuable information about life in the colony. She observed life in what was then the backwoods of Ontario, including native customs, the climate, the wildlife, relations between the Canadian population and recent American, and the strong sense of community and the communal work (known as "bees"). She suffered through the economic depression in 1836, and her husband served in the militia against William Lyon Mackenzie in the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837.
As a middle-class Englishwoman Moodie did not particularly enjoy "the bush", as she called it. In 1840 she and her husband moved to Belleville, which she referred to as "the clearings". She studied the Family Compact and became sympathetic to the moderate reformers led by Robert Baldwin, while remaining critical of radical reformers such as William Lyon Mackenzie. This caused problems for her husband, who shared her views, but, as sheriff of Belleville, had to work with members and supporters of the Family Compact.
In 1852, she published Roughing it in the Bush, detailing her experiences on the farm in the 1830s. In 1853, she published Life in the Clearings Versus the Bush, about her time in Belleville. She remained in her cottage in Belleville after her husband's death, and lived to see Canadian Confederation. She died in Toronto, Ontario on 8 April 1885 and is buried in Belleville Cemetery.
Her books and poetry inspired Margaret Atwood's collection of poetry, The Journals of Susanna Moodie, published in 1970. It was also an important influence on one of Atwood's later novels, Alias Grace, based on an account of murder convict Grace Marks which appeared in Life in the Clearings Versus the Bush. She has also been a source of inspiration for Carol Shields, who published a critical analysis of Susanna Moodie's work, Susanna Moodie: Voice and Vision. Additionally, the central character of Shield's novel, Small Ceremonies, is working on a biography of Mrs. Moodie.
Her greatest success was Roughing it in the Bush; which came of a suggestion by her editor that she write an "emigrant's guide" for British people looking to move to Canada. Moodie wrote of the trials and tribulations she found as a "New Canadian", rather than the advantages to be had in the colony. She claimed that her intention was not to discourage immigrants but to prepare people like herself, raised in relative wealth and with no prior experience as farmers, for what life in Canada would be like.
[edit]Bibliography
Wikisource has original works written by or about: Susanna Moodie
[edit]Novels
Mark Hurdlestone - 1853
Flora Lyndsay - 1854
Matrimonial Speculations - 1854
Geoffrey Moncton - 1855
The World Before Them - 1868
[edit]Poetry
Patriotic Songs - 1830 (with Agnes Strickland)
Enthusiasm and Other Poems - 1831
[edit]Children's books
Spartacus - 1822
The Little Quaker
The Sailor Brother
The Little Prisoner
Hugh Latimer - 1828
Rowland Massingham
Profession and Principle
George Leatrim - 1875
[edit]Memoirs
Roughing It in the Bush - 1852
"Life in the Backwoods; A Sequel to Roughing it in the Bush"
Life in the Clearings Versus the Bush - 1853
[edit]Letters
Letters of a Lifetime - 1985 (edited by Carl Ballstadt, Elizabeth Hopkins, and Michael Peterman)