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hēng dé lǐ kè · wēi lián · fáng lóng， hé yì měi jí lì shǐ tōng sú dú wù zuò jiā。
fáng lóng de shū zài měi guó shí fēn chàng xiāo， qǔ dé liǎo shāng yè chéng gōng， dàn zài lì shǐ xué yán jiū shàng fáng lóng bìng wèi qǔ dé xiāng yìng de chéng jiù。
fáng lóng de zuò pǐn duō yǐ sǎnwén de xíng shì xù shù、 píng lùn lì shǐ shì jiàn jí rén wù， tā shēng dòng huī xié de wén bǐ shǐ dú zhě néng zài duǎn shí jiān nèi yǐ yī zhǒng qīng sōng de fāng shì liǎo jiě lì shǐ de dà zhì mài luò， yīn cǐ hěn shòu pǔ tōng dú zhě huān yíng。
fáng lóng xiāng dāng féi pàng， yòu“ dà xiàng” de chuò hào。 tā de shēn tǐ zhuàng kuàng yī zhí bù shèn lǐ xiǎng， zuì hòu sǐ yú xīn zàng bìng fā。 cǐ wài yīn cháng qī cóng shì xiě zuò， fáng lóng cháng qī huàn yòu shén jīng shuāi ruò。
fáng lóng - zhù yào jīng lì
fáng lóng chū shēng yú yī gè fù yù jiā tíng。 zì yòu duì lì shǐ、 dì lǐ、 chuán bó、 huì huà hé yīnyuè děng fā shēng xīng qù。 1902 nián zhǐ shēn fù měi guó， rù kāng nài 'ěr dà xué， 1905 nián huò xué shì xué wèi， 1911 nián zài mù ní hēi dà xué huò bó shì xué wèi。
zǎo nián shēng huó bù shùn lì， dì yī bù zhù zuò《 hé lán gòng hé guó de fù wáng》 suī rán dé dào liǎo yī dìng rèn kě， dàn xiāo lù bìng bù lǐ xiǎng。 1920 nián tā yìng shū shāng yào yuē xiě zuò《 gǔ rén lèi》， cái qǔ dé yī dìng xiāo liàng， rán 'ér què bìng bù zú yǐ niǔ zhuǎn tā de jīng jì zhuàng kuàng。 cǐ hòu fáng lóng xiě chū duō bù chàng xiāo quán měi shì chǎng de zuò pǐn， qí zhōng《 shèng jīng de gù shì》、《 rén lèi de gù shì》 hé《 kuān róng》 zuì wéi zhù míng。
1920 nián dài mò qī fáng lóng jī lěi dào yī dìng cái fù， zài měi guó hé 'ōu zhōu gòu zhì liǎo fáng chǎn， bù zài shòu xiàn yú jīng jì wèn tí， kě yǐ zì yóu dì cóng shì chuàng zuò hé shè huì huó dòng liǎo。
fáng lóng céng yǐ jì zhě shēn fèn bào dào 1905 nián 'é guó gé mìng hé dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn。 fáng lóng cháng yǐ zì jǐ shǒu huì de màn huà zuò wéi zì jǐ zuò pǐn de chā tú。
fáng lóng céng zài kāng nài 'ěr dà xué（ 1915 héng 1917） hé 'é hài 'é zhōu 'ān tiáo kè xué yuàn（ 1921 héng 1922） qǔ dé guò jiào zhí， xiào fāng rèn wéi tā de kè fēi cháng xī yǐn xué shēng， dàn shì quē fá kē xué xìng， qiě wú zhù yú tí gāo xué shēng de lì shǐ chéng jì。
fáng lóng - zhù yào zhù zuò
hēng dé lǐ kè · wēi lián · fáng lóng
《 hé lán gòng hé guó de shuāi wáng》（ 1913）
《 hé lán háng hǎi jiā bǎo diǎn》（ yòu míng《 háng xíng yú qī dà yáng de chuán bó》）（ 1916）
《 fā xiàn jiǎn shǐ》（ 1917）
《 gǔ rén lèi》（ 1920）
《 rén lèi de gù shì》（ 1921）
《 shèng jīng de gù shì》（ 1923）
《 kuān róng》（ 1925）
《 měi zhōu de gù shì》（ 1927）
《 zhì zào qí jì de rén》（ 1928）
《 lún bó lǎng de shēng píng yǔ shí dài》（ 1930）
《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》（ 1932）
《 yì shù》（ 1937）
《 tài píng yáng de gù shì》（ 1940）
《 yuē hàn . sài bā sī dì 'ān . bā hè de shēng píng yǔ shí dài》（ 1940）
《 tuō mǎ sī . jié fú xùn》（ 1943）
《 xī méng . bō lì wǎ 'ěr de shēng píng yǔ shí dài》（ 1943）
fáng lóng - hūn yīn jiā tíng
1906 nián， fáng lóng yǔ lái zì mǎ sà zhū sài zhōu shàng liú jiā tíng de ElizaIngersollBowditch（ shù xué jiā NathanielBowditch de hòu dài） jié hūn， yù yòu liǎng zǐ。
1920 nián qǔ dì 'èr rèn qī zǐ ElizaHelenCriswell（ nì chēng“ jí mǐ”）。
fáng lóng lìng yòu dì sān duàn hūn yīn。 zài dì sān duàn hūn yīn jié shù hòu yī zhí yǔ jí mǐ tóng jū zhí dào qù shì。《 fáng lóng chuán》 de zuò zhě， fáng lóng cì zǐ lè dé · wēi lián · fáng lóng rèn wéi fáng lóng bìng bù 'ài jí mǐ， ér zhǐ shì bǎ tā kàn zuò gōng zuò hé shēng huó mì shū。
fáng lóng - xué shù yǐng xiǎng
zuò pǐn《 kuān róng》
zài měi guó， fáng lóng bèi kàn zuò zhù míng zuò jiā、 lì shǐ xué jiā hé jì zhě， qí yǐng xiǎng zhù yào lái zì yú tā de zhù zuò。 dàn zài xué shù jiè fáng lóng de yǐng xiǎng zé bù dà。
jìn guǎn zhōng guó gōng zhòng kě néng duì fáng lóng quē fá liǎo jiě， dàn zài zhōng guó de zhī shí jiè， fáng lóng què yōng yòu xiāng dāng de rèn zhī dù。 zǎo zài 1927 nián， qí zhù zuò《 gǔ rén lèi》 jiù yǐ yóu zhōng guó zhù míng nǚ jiàn zhù xué jiā lín huī yīn fān yì chū bǎn（ shū míng《 gǔ dài de rén》）。《 rén lèi de gù shì》 zài 1930 nián dài chū xiàn zhōng wén bǎn。
zhōng guó dāng dài zuò jiā yù dá fū céng píng jià shuō： fàn lóng（ jí fáng lóng） de zhè yī zhǒng fāng fǎ， shí zài qiǎo miào bù guò， gān zào wú wèi de kē xué cháng shí， jīng tā nà me yī xiě， wú lùn dà rén xiǎo hái， dú tā de shū de rén， dū jué dé wěi wěi wàng juàn liǎo ...... fàn lóng de bǐ， yòu zhè yī zhǒng mó lì。 dàn zhè yě bù shì tā de tè chuàng， zhè bù guò shì jiāng wén xué jiā de shǒu fǎ， ná lái yòng yǐ jiǎng shù kē xué 'ér yǐ。
1950 nián dài yǐ hòu， fáng lóng de zhù zuò zài zhōng guó dà lù cháng qī zāo jìn。 1980 nián dài zhōng hòu qī qǐ， zhōng guó dà lù de dà xué shēng kāi shǐ chóngxīn chuán kàn fáng lóng de zhù zuò。 dào 2000 nián yǐ hòu zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó jìng nèi shí jì shàng xiān qǐ liǎo fáng lóng zhù zuò de chū bǎn rè cháo， shì miàn shàng tóng shí cún zài zhe tóng yī bù zhù zuò de duō zhǒng fān yì bǎn běn。 bù fēn zhōng guó zhī shí fènzǐ bǎ yuè dú fáng lóng zhù zuò zuò wéi liǎo jiě xī fāng lì shǐ、 jiē shòu rén wén zhù yì qǐ méng jiào yù de jié jìng。
fáng lóng zài 'ōu zhōu jīhū bù xiǎng yòu zhī míng dù， jí shǐ zài tā de gù xiāng hé lán yě yòu hěn duō rén bù zhī dào fáng lóng huò zhě bù rèn wéi tā shì zhī míng rén shì。
fáng lóng - zuò pǐn shǎng xī
《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》
《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》（ jí《 rén lèi de jiā yuán》）， cǐ shū shì měi guó de fáng lóng yú yī jiǔ sān 'èr nián suǒ zhù， shì yī běn bù kě duō dé de hǎo shū。 tā de zōng zhǐ shì“ bǎ suǒ yòu de gāo shān、 chéng shì、 dà hǎi tǒng tǒng fàng jìn dì tú lǐ， zhǐ gào sù wǒ men shēng huó zài nà lǐ de jū mín de qíng kuàng， gào sù wǒ men tā men wèishénme huì jū zhù zài nà lǐ， tā men lái zì nǎ lǐ， tā men zài gànshénme héng héng bǎ rén lèi guān xīn de gù shì xiě jìn dì lǐ xué”。 huàn jù huà shuō， cǐ shū zhù zhòng de shì rén wén dì lǐ， tā suǒ jiǎng de zhǐ shì“ gào sù wǒ men shēng huó zài nà lǐ de jū mín qíng kuàng， gào sù wǒ men tā men wèishénme huì jū zhù zài nà lǐ， tā men lái zì nǎ lǐ， tā men zài gànshénme héng héng bǎ rén lèi guān xīn de gù shì xiě jìn dì lǐ xué。” yī jīng tā de xuàn rǎn， píng cháng wǒ men kàn lái hěn kū zào de dì lǐ zhī shí， lǐ miàn de shān shān shuǐ shuǐ， cǎo cǎo mù mù jiù xiǎn dé xǔ xǔ rú shēng。 lì shǐ fā zhǎn dào xiàn zài， yǐ jīng zhù míng rén lèi jū zhù de zhè gè dì qiú shì tài xiǎo liǎo。“ huán jìng bǎo hù” shì xiàn dài gōng yè fā zhǎn dào yī dìng chéng dù cái tí chū de， fáng lóng zài shū zhōng duō cì zhǐ chū， dì lǐ huán jìng huì yǐng xiǎng rén lèi de shēng cún， fǎn guò lái rén lèi shēng huó yòu huì yǐng xiǎng dì qiú de huán jìng， bìng yòng lì shǐ shì shí fǎn fù tí xǐng rén lèi yìng rú hé yǔ dì qiú yǒu hǎo xiāng chù， fǒu zé jiù huì shòu dào zì rán jiè de chéng fá， tā de zhè xiē guān diǎn dōuyòu xiāng dāng de chāo qián yì shí。
fáng lóng yǐ qí guǎng bó de zhī shí、 dú tè de shì jiǎo hé xián shú de biǎo dá wèiwǒ men shù lì liǎo yī gè dì lǐ zhī shí de fàn běn。 dì lǐ zhī shí shì gōng zhòng suǒ gòng tóng yōng yòu de， wèishénme néng guān shàng fáng lóng de míng zì？ fáng lóng dì lǐ zì yòu qí bù tóng yú bié rén zhī chù。 fáng lóng yě shì fēn guó jiā lái jiǎng shù dì lǐ， dàn tā bìng bù xiàng zá huò pū de lǎo bǎn nà yàng， mǎn zú yú chén liè yī gè gè guó jiā de rén kǒu、 miàn jī děng， tā yòu yì shí dì jiāng rén zài dì lǐ zhōng de huó dòng guàn chuān zài zhī shí de jiè shào zhōng。 zhè gè guó jiā de qì hòu、 dì shì rú hé， rén men shì zěn yàng lái shì yìng zì rán、 lì yòng zì rán jì 'ér gǎi zào zì rán de； tè dìng de huán jìng zhōng， rén men xuǎn zé liǎo zěn yàng tè dìng de shēng huó fāng shì， jì 'ér shì rú hé yǐng xiǎng dāng dì de fēng sú、 lì shǐ de， zuì hòu xíng chéng zhè gè dú yī wú 'èr de guó jiā hé mín zú de。 rú guǒ shuō yǐ qián de dì lǐ jiào kē shū shì huàn dēng piàn de huà， nà me《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》 jiù shì yī bù huó dòng de diàn yǐng， lǐ miàn de yī qiēdōu xǔ xǔ rú shēng， kě chù kě gǎn， hū zhī yù chū。
《 tài píng yáng de gù shì》
《 tài píng yáng de gù shì》， xǐ huān tàn xiǎn de rén kě yǐ dú dào 15 zhì 18 shì jì 'ōu zhōu rén“ dì lǐ dà fā xiàn” zhōng de suǒ yòu zhòng yào de tàn xiǎn huó dòng。 cóng 1519 nián zhì 1522 nián mài zhé lún shǒu cì huán hǎi háng xíng， dào 1642 nián zhì 1643 nián 'ài bèi 'ěr · tǎ sī màn háng xíng zhì 'ào dà lì yà、 xīn xī lán， cóng 1728 nián bái lìng chuān yuè bái lìng hǎi xiá， dào 1768 nián zhì 1779 nián zhān mǔ sī · kù kè xiān hòu sān cì huán hǎi háng xíng。 xǐ huān dì lǐ de rén， yě kě xiáng jìn dì liǎo jiě tài píng yáng de jīng wěi。
《 rén lèi de gù shì》
zuò pǐn《 dì qiú de gù shì》
zài xuǎn dú fáng lóng de zhù zuò shí， suī rán《 fā míng de gù shì》 de kē xué nèi hán， xiāng bǐ zhī xià huì gèng duō yī xiē， dàn qí zuò pǐn zài shì jiè shàng yǐng xiǎng zuì dà de hái shì tā de chéng míng zhī zuò《 rén lèi de gù shì》。 fáng lóng de chéng míng zhī zuò《 rén lèi de gù shì》， shì xiě xī fāng wén míng fā zhǎn shǐ， zhù yào duì xiàng shì shàonián。 zhè běn shū zài 1921 nián 11 yuè tuī chū， lì jí chéng wéi chàng xiāo shū。 fáng lóng yīn cǐ shū céng huò dé měi guó tú shū guǎn xié huì hé měi guó 'ér tóng dú wù xié huì bān fā de liǎng méi jiǎng zhāng， yǐ biǎo zhāng tā zài měi guó 'ér tóng dú wù lǐng yù“ suǒ zuò de jié chū gòng xiàn”。 zhè běn shū de zhù yào dú zhě dìng wèi wéi shàonián 'ér tóng， shí jì shàng yuǎn yuǎn chāo guò wèi chéng niánshào nián 'ér tóng de yuè dú shuǐ píng。
fáng lóng xiě《 rén lèi de gù shì》 shí 'ài yīn sī tǎn de xiāng duì lùn hái méi yòu shēn rù rén xīn（ jìn guǎn 'ài yīn sī tǎn zǎo zài 1905 nián jiù tí chū xiāng duì lùn， dàn jí shǐ tā zài 1921 nián huò dé liǎo nuò bèi 'ěr wù lǐ jiǎng， rén men hái shì méi yòu zhēn zhèng rèn shí dào xiāng duì lùn de jià zhí）， xǔ duō réndōu rèn wéi jīng diǎn wù lǐ yǐ jīng dá dào kē xué de dǐng fēng， rén lèi shè huì yě yǐ jīng fā zhǎn dào liǎo mǒu zhǒng jí xiàn， ér fáng lóng què zhè yàng yù yán wèi lái：“ dào liǎo gōng yuán 10000 nián …… tā men（ zhǐ wǒ men de hòu dài） huì bǎ ná pò lún…… hé chéng jí sī hàn huò mǎ qí dùn de yà lì shān dà hùn wéi yī tán。 gāng gāng jié shù de shì jiè dà zhàn huì bèi tā men dāng zuò luó mǎ hé jiā tài jī zhī jiān de cháng qī shāng yè chōng tū…… shèn zhì zhí dé wǒ men jiāo 'ào de yī yuàn、 shí yàn shì hé shǒu shù shì kàn shàng qù yě bù guò shì shāo jiā gǎi jìn de liàn jīn shù hé zhōng shì jì yī shēng de gōng zuò jiān”。 yīn cǐ xiàn dài rén bìng bù zhí dé jiāo 'ào zì dà。 fáng lóng jiē shì liǎo 'ōu zhōu bào fā de dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn de gēn yuán。 tā tí chū， wǒ men shí dài de fā zhǎn tè diǎn shì wù zhì wén míng yuǎn yuǎn zǒu zài jīng shén wén míng qián miàn，“ kē xué jiā men kāi shǐ zhì zào gāng tiě、 huà xué、 diàn de xīn shì jiè， què wàng liǎo rén lèi sī wéi bǐ nà gè yàn yǔ zhōng de wū guī yào chí huǎn”。 yú shì“ zhè gè bèn zhuō de zhōng shì jì jī gòu tū rán yìng shí dài yào qiú qù chù lǐ jī xiè、 gōng yè shì jiè de gāo dù xiàn dài huà wèn tí， tā jiù bèi pò gēn jù shù shì jì zhī qián dìng xià de yóu xì guī zé jìn qí suǒ néng dì qù zuò liǎo”。
《 měi guó de gù shì》
fáng lóng zài《 měi guó de gù shì》 zhōng， yǐ qí yuān bó de xué shí， jiǎn jié、 liú chàng de bǐ chù xù shù liǎo cóng gē lún bù fā xiàn xīn dà lù zhì 20 shì jì 30 nián dài zài běi měi dà lù shàng de fēng yún biàn huàn。 duì měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó de xíng chéng、 dàn shēng hé fā zhǎn xù shù pō xiáng。 duì lì shǐ shì jiàn， xī fāng wén míng、 kē jì fā míng duì rén lèi shēng huó de yǐng xiǎng、 měi guó de zhèng zhì shēng huó dōuyòu xiáng jìn de chǎn shù， nèi róng fēng fù、 zī liào xiáng shí、 shè jí fàn wéi guǎng fàn、 zhī shí liàng dà， fēi yī bān měi guó lì shǐ shū jí suǒ néng jí。 běn shū wén bǐ shēng dòng、 huó pō， xiě rén shù shì， xǔ xǔ rú shēng， bù fá qí wén miào yǔ， dú lái ráo yòu qù wèi。
《 yǔ wěi rén tán xīn》
《 yǔ wěi rén tán xīn》 yī shū nèi róng shè jí wén xué、 lì shǐ、 zhé xué、 zōng jiào、 zhèng zhì、 yīnyuè、 dì lǐ děng zhī shí lǐng yù， tóng shí， shí jiān kuà dù yě shì xiāng dāng dà de。 zài《 yǔ wěi rén tán xīn》 yī shū zhōng， zuò zhě píng jiè zì jǐ fēng fù de xiǎng xiàng lì， bù jū shí kōng xiàn zhì， cǎi yòng gǔ jīn duì huà de xíng shì， jiè shào liǎo jǐ shí wèi zài rén lèi lì shǐ shàng pō jù yǐng xiǎng de rén wù。 zhè běn shū tōng guò duì yāo qǐng lì shǐ rén wù chū xí wǎn yàn de qíng jǐng miáo xiě， shēng dòng dì hōng tuō chū liǎo zhè xiē rén wù de shēng píng shì jì、 sī xiǎng guān niàn、 shēng huó xí guàn hé xìng gé tè zhēng。 fáng lóng de《 yǔ wěi rén tán xīn》 xiě zuò fēng gé hěn dú tè。 zài lì shǐ shì jiàn hé lì shǐ rén wù de pū shù jī chǔ shàng bù lù shēng sè dì biǎo dá chū zì jǐ de rén shēng guān hé zhēn duì xiàn shí shè huì wèn tí de sī kǎo， kě wèi《 yǔ wěi rén tán xīn》 de zuì dà tè sè。 cóng wén xué de jiǎo dù kàn gāi shū què yòu yī dìng de yán jiū yǔ xīn shǎng jià zhí。 bìng qiě， dú yī dú zhè běn shū， jì kě yǐ dà zhì liǎo jiě yī pī zhù míng lì shǐ rén wù de qíng kuàng， liǎo jiě yī xiē tā men shēng cún nián dài de shè huì bèi jǐng， yòu kě yǐ bǔ chōng rén lèi wén huà xué fāng miàn de zhī shí。
fáng lóng - zhōng guó dú zhě píng jià
fáng lóng wén jí
zàn yáng fāng
chí zhī chí tài dù de dú zhě rèn wéi， fáng lóng wéi xiě zuò lì shǐ hào fèi liǎo bì shēng de jīng lì yǔ jiàn kāng， yòng tā píng yì jìn rén、 shēng dòng liú chàng de wén bǐ bǎ gāo shēn、 huì sè de lì shǐ zhī shí hé lǐ jiě、 kuān róng hé jìn bù de sī xiǎng pǔ jí dào guǎng dà pǔ tōng dú zhě zhōng， xiàng wú zhī yǔ piān zhí bù xiè dì tiǎo zhàn， qí jīng shén yǔ gōng jì dū zhí dé hòu shì de zàn yáng。
guān yú fáng lóng xù shù lì shǐ de lì zú diǎn， zhī chí zhě rèn wéi： fáng lóng shǐ zhōng zhàn zài quán rén lèi de gāo dù zài xiě zuò。 suī rán zuò wéi yī gè guò liǎo 20 suì cái yí jū měi guó de hé lán rén， tā bù kě bì miǎn dì gèng duō xiě dào tā shú xī de xī fāng， yě gèng zhōng qíng yú tā de gù guó， dàn tā jué bù shì xī fāng zhōng xīn lùn zhě。 tā yī zhí zài nǔ lì cóng rén lèi de yǎn guāng lái guān chá hé xù shù ． chāo yuè dì qū de、 zōng jiào de、 dǎng pài de hé zhǒng zú de piān jiàn。 tā fǎn duì rèn hé xíng shì de xiá 'ài， bāo kuò nà zhǒng wèile gěi běn mín zú zēng guāng 'ér wāi qū shì shí de chāo 'ài guó zhù yì。
pī píng fāng
yòu dú zhě pī píng， fáng lóng zài 1932 nián chū bǎn de《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》 zhōng， bǎ zhōng rì liǎng guó bǐ zuò yī tiáo chuán shàng de liǎng wèi chéng kè， zhōng guó nián mài tǐ xū， què jǐn bào zhe yī dà bāo shí wù； rì běn xuè qì fāng gāng shēn qiáng tǐ zhuàng què jī cháng lù lù（ jiàn《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》 dì sān shí zhāng《 rì běn》）。 zhè jù huà xiǎn shì liǎo fáng lóng rèn wéi rì běn duì zhōng guó de qīn lüè bù kě bì miǎn， qiě cún zài hé lǐ xìng。 yǔ fáng lóng duì yú jīhū tóng yī shí qī dé guó zài 'ōu zhōu de kuò zhāng hé qīn lüè suǒ chí de xiān míng de pī pàn tài dù（ jiàn fáng lóng wéi bó chì xī tè lè de《 wǒ de fèn dǒu》 ér xiě zuò de《 wǒ men de zhàn dǒu》【 1938】） xiāng bǐ， cóng zhè yī fǎn chā zhōng kě yǐ kàn chū fáng lóng suǒ xuān yáng de rén wén zhù yì sì hū běn shēn jiù cháng bàn suí zhe 'ōu zhōu zhōng xīn zhù yì， bìng jù yòu xū wěi hé liǎng miàn xìng。
zài《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》 zhōng， yīn qí jiāng xīzàng yǔ zhōng guó fēn zuò dú lì de liǎng zhāng zhuàn xiě， shǐ zhōng guó dà lù de bǎn běn dū yǐ zhù shì shēng míng lì chǎng。
fáng lóng - dú zhě yán lùn
yòu dú zhě biǎo shì： dú fáng lóng de shū， duì tā qīn shǒu huì zhì de chā tú duàn bù kě shì 'ér bù jiàn。 xiāng fǎn， tā men shì fáng lóng zuò pǐn de yī gè zǔ chéng bù fēn， shì wén zì nán yǐ tì dài de nèi róng。 fáng lóng de zuò pǐn bù jǐn shì yòng qīng shàonián dōunéng kàn dǒng de yǔ yán jiǎng shù liǎo chéng nián rén yě tóng yàng gǎn xīng qù de nèi róng， gèng zhòng yào de shì tā bǎ rén lèi wén míng de jìn bù yǔ kē xué jì shù de fā zhǎn xiāng jié hé lái jiǎng shù。 tā shí jì shàng shì dà wén huà sī xiǎng pǔ jí de xiān qū zhě。 tā yě shì yòng wén yì shǒu fǎ xuān chuán kē xué de dà shī。
Life
He was born in Rotterdam, the son of Hendrik Willem van Loon and Elisabeth Johanna Hanken. He went to the United States in 1902 to study at Cornell University, receiving his degree in 1905. He was a correspondent during the Russian Revolution of 1905 and in Belgium in 1914 at the start of World War I. He later became a professor of history at Cornell University (1915–17) and in 1919 became an American citizen.
In 1906 he married Eliza Ingersoll Bowditch, daughter of a Harvard professor, by whom he had two sons, Henry Bowditch and Gerard Willem. He had two later marriages, to Eliza Helen (Jimmie) Criswell in 1920 and playwright Frances Goodrich Ames in 1927, but after a divorce from Ames he returned to Criswell (it is debatable whether or not they re-married) who inherited his estate in 1944.
Work
From the 1910s until his death, van Loon wrote many books, illustrating them himself. Most widely known among these is The Story of Mankind, a history of the world especially for children, which won the first Newbery Medal in 1922. The book was later updated by van Loon and has continued to be updated, first by his son and later by other historians.
However, he also wrote many other very popular books aimed at young adults. As a writer he was known for emphasizing crucial historical events and giving a complete picture of individual characters, as well as the role of the arts in history. He also had an informal and thought-provoking style which, particularly in The Story of Mankind, included personal anecdotes.
The titles and subtitles of his books are notable for being lengthy.
Quotation
Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest "I still stick to the Dutch pronunciation of the double o—Loon like loan in 'Loan and Trust Co.' My sons will probably accept the American pronunciation. It really does not matter very much." In fact, three generations later, van Loon's great-grandchildren still use the "loan" pronunciation.
Bibliography
A list of works by Hendrik Willem van Loon, with first publication dates and publishers.
The Fall of the Dutch Republic, 1913, Houghton Mifflin Co.
The Rise of the Dutch Kingdom, 1915, Doubleday Page & Co.
The Golden Book of the Dutch Navigators, 1916, The Century Co.
A Short History of Discovery: From the Earliest Times to the Founding of Colonies in the American Continent, 1917, David McKay
Ancient man; the Beginning of Civilizations, 1920, Boni and Liveright
The Story of Mankind, 1921, Boni and Liveright
The Story of the Bible, 1923, Boni and Liveright
Witches and Witch-Finders, 1923, article from the June 1923 Mentor Magazine
The Story of Wilbur the Hat, 1925, Boni and Liveright
Tolerance, 1925, Boni and Liveright
The Liberation of Mankind: the story of man's struggle for the right to think, 1926, Boni and Liveright
America: The Story of America from the very beginning up to the present, 1927, Boni and Liveright
Adriaen Block, 1928, Block Hall
Multiplex man, or the Story of Survival through Invention, 1928, Jonathan Cape
Life and Times of Peter Stuyvesant, 1928, Henry Holt
Man the Miracle Maker, 1928, Horace Liveright
R. v. R.: the Life and Times of Rembrandt van Rijn, 1930, Horace Liveright
If the Dutch Had Kept Nieuw Amsterdam, in If, Or History Rewritten, edited by J. C. Squire, 1931, Simon and Schuster
Van Loon's Geography: The Story of the World We Live In, 1932, Simon and Schuster
"Gold" 1933, article from the Cosmopolitan March 1933
An Elephant Up a Tree, 1933, Simon and Schuster
An Indiscreet Itinerary or How the Unconventional Traveler Should See Holland by one who was actually born there and whose name is Hendrik Willem Van loon, 1933, Harcourt, Brace
The Home of Mankind: the story of the world we live in, 1933, George G. Harrap
The story of inventions: Man, the Miracle Maker, 1934, Horace Liveright
Ships: and How They Sailed the Seven Seas (5000 B.C.-A.D.1935), 1935, Simon and Schuster
Around the World With the Alphabet, 1935, Simon and Schuster
Air-Storming (radio talk), 1935, Harcourt, Brace
Love me not, 1935
A World Divided is a World Lost, 1935, Cosmos Publishing Co.
The Songs We Sing (with Grace Castagnetta), 1936, Simon and Schuster
The Arts (with musical illustrations by Grace Castagnetta), 1937, Simon and Schuster
Christmas Carols (with Grace Castagnetta), 1937, Simon and Schuster
Observations on the mystery of print and the work of Johann Gutenberg, 1937, Book Manufacturer's Institute/New York Time
Our Battle: Being One Man's Answer to "My Battle" by Adolf Hitler, 1938, Simon and Schuster
How to Look at Pictures: a Short History of Painting, 1938, National Committee for Art Appreciation
Folk Songs of Many Lands (with Grace Castagnetta), 1938, Simon and Schuster
The Last of the Troubadours: The Life and Music of Carl Michael Bellman 1740-1795 (with Grace Castagnetta), 1939, Simon and Schuster
The Songs America Sings (with Grace Castagnetta), 1939, Simon and Schuster
My School Books, 1939, E. I. du Pont de Nemour
Invasion, being the personal recollections of what happened to our own family and to some of our friends during the first forty-eight hours of that terrible incident in our history which is now known as the great invasion and how we escaped with our lives, 1940, Harcourt, Brace
The Story of the Pacific, 1940, George G. Harrap
The Life and Times of Johann Sebastian Bach, 1940, Simon and Schuster
Good Tidings (with Christmas songs by Grace Castegnetta), 1941, American Artists Group
The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, with a short life of the Author by Hendrik Willem van Loon of Rotterdam who also illustrated the Book, 1942
Van Loon's Lives: Being a true and faithful account of a number of highly interesting meetings with certain historical personages, from Confucius and Plato to Voltaire and Thomas Jefferson, about whom we had always felt a great deal of curiosity and who came to us as dinner guests in a bygone year, 1942, Simon and Schuster
Christmas Songs, 1942
The Message of the Bells (with music by Grace Castagnetta), 1942, New York Garden City
Fighters for Freedom: the Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson and Simon Bolivar, 1943, Dodd, Mead & Co.
The Life and Times of Scipio Fulhaber, Chef de Cuisine, 1943
Adventures and Escapes of Gustavus Vasa, and how they carried him from his rather obscure origin to the throne of Sweden, 1945
Report to Saint Peter, upon the kind of world in which Hendrik Willem van Loon spent the first years of his life - an unfinished, posthumously published autobiography, 1947, Simon and Schuster
Books about van Loon
Cornelis van Minnen (2005). Van Loon: Popular Historian, Journalist, and FDR Confidant. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7049-1.
Gerard Willem van Loon (1972). The story of Hendrik Willem van Loon. Lippincott. ISBN 0-397-00844-9.
Erasmus with a short life of the author by Gerard Willem van Loon (1972). The Praise of Folly. For the Classic Club, by Walter J.Black of New York.
In popular culture
The Italian songwriter Francesco Guccini has composed a song, dedicated to the memory of his father, who was a lover of van Loon's works when he was young. The song is titled "Van Loon", and appears in the album Signora Bovary.