měi guó zuòzhělièbiǎo
fēi William Marrài lún · Edgar Alan Poeài shēng Ralph Waldo Emerson
huì màn Walt Whitman gēngshēng Emily Dickinson fēn · lán Stephan Crane
shǐ wén Wallace Stevens luó Robert Frost 'ěr · sāng bǎo Carl Sandberg
wēi lián William Carlos Williamspáng Ezra Pound 'ěr Hilda Doolittle
ào dēng Wystan Hugh Auden míng E. E. Cummings · lāi 'ēn Hart Crane
luó · dèng kěn Robert Duncanchá 'ěr · ào 'ěr sēn Charles Olsonā mén A. R. Ammons
jīn bǎo Allen Ginsbergyuē hàn · ā shénbǎi John Ashberyzhān · tài James Tate
lán dūn · xiū Langston Hughes wēn W. S. Merwinluó · lāi Robert Bly
xiào Elizabeth Bishopluó · luò wēi 'ěr Robert Lowell Sylvia Plath
yuē hàn · bèi màn John Berrymanān · sài dùn Anne Sexton nuò W. D. Snodgrass
lán · ào Frank O'Hara luò L.D. Brodskyài · luò wēi 'ěr Amy Lowell
āi · shèng wén sēn · lěi Edna St. Vincent Millay · tái 'ěr Sara Teasdale Edgar Lee Masters
wēi lián · William Staffordài 'ān · Adrienne Rich wèi · nèi tuō David Ignatow
jīn nèi 'ěr Galway Kinnell · 'ěr Sidney Lanierhuò huá · nài luò Howard Nemerov
· ào Mary Oliverā · mài 阿奇波德麦 Kerry Xujié shī xuǎn Robinson Jeffers
· Louise Glückkǎi · lāi Kate Lightshī jiā zhāng Arthur Sze
yáng Li Young Lee 'ā nuò L. S. Stavrianosā Art
fèi xiáng Kris Phillips huì xīn eVonnejié luó · wèi · sài lín Jerome David Salinger
· ào Barack Hussein Obamazhū lín · qiáo sài 'ěr sēn Josselson, R.zhān · tài 詹姆斯泰伯
wēi lián · ēn dào 'ěr Frederick William Engdahl · pèi 'ēn Mark - Payne - 'ěr Raj - Patel
zhān · méi lóng James Cameron
měi guó xiàn dài měi guó  (1954niánbāyuè16rì)

yǐng shì tóng míng film and television homonymytài tǎn hào

yuèdòuzhān · méi lóng James Cameronzài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!!
  zhān · lǎng · méi lóng( JamesFrancisCameron, 1954 nián 8 yuè 16 shì wèi shēng jiā de měi guó diàn yǐng dǎo yǎnshàn cháng pāi shè dòng zuò piàn huàn diàn yǐng dǎo yǎn de zhè xiē diàn yǐng jīng cháng chāo chū dìng jìhuà suàn guò dōuhěn mài zuò qián diàn yǐng piào fáng shǐ shàng zuì mài zuò de liǎng diàn yǐng --《 tài tǎn hào》( 1997) ā fán 》( 2009) dōushì zhí dǎo de zuò pǐnzhān · méi lóng diàn yǐng de zhù wǎng wǎng shì tàn tǎo rén shù zhī jiān de guān
  
   zhān · méi lóng de zuò pǐnā fán kān chēng shì jiè diàn yǐng zhī zuìquán qiú piào fáng dào 26 měi jīn qián shì quán shì jiè piào fáng shōu zuì gāo shì shǐ zhī shàng zuì chéng gōng de diàn yǐng zhī
   zhān · méi lóng - zhí shēng
   zhān · méi lóng shēng jiā de 'ān lüè shěng de míng wéi Kapuskasing de fāng qīn Phillip shì wèi diàn gōng chéng shī qīn ShirleyCameron shì wèi shù jiāquán jiā 1971 nián dào měi guó jiā zhōu de nán chéng shì bèi ruì 'ā céng zài jiā zhōu zhōu xué xué xué guò zhǐ duì diàn yǐng gōng zuò gǎn xīng shǒu xiān biān kāi shǐ de zhí shēng hòu lái yòu zhuànxiàng diàn yǐng de shù dǎo yǎn xiào chǔlǐ gōng zuò zài diàn yǐngshì zhēng zhàn táo niǔ yuēzhōng)。 zài 1981 nián kāi shǐ de dǎo yǎn shēng zhī qián hái dān rèn guò diàn yǐng RogerCorman de zhì piàn
  
   méi lóng diàn yǐng de kāi shǐ de xiào xiǎo gāi xiào xiǎo de gōng zuò kāi shǐ zhōng jié zhě》( gāi piàn de xiào suī rán zài jīn tiān kàn lái yòu xiē guò shídàn shì zài dāng shí suàn shì fēi cháng xiān jìn liǎo)。 ér hòu lái dǎo yǎn dezhōng jié zhě 2: shěn pàn gèng shì liàng shǐ yòng diàn nǎo gāi piàn zuì zhōng huò liǎo 'ào de zuì jiā shì jué xiào guǒzuì jiā hùn yīnzuì jiā huà zhuāng zuì jiā yīn xiào jiǎn ji xiàng jiǎng méi lóng zài 1997 nián dǎo yǎn de diàn yǐngtài tǎn hàotóng yàng fàn wéi shǐ yòng liǎo diàn nǎo huò liǎo 'ào zuì jiā shì jué xiào guǒ jiǎngtài tǎn hào chéng wéi dāng shí tóu zuì wéi 'áng guìpiào fáng shōu zuì gāo shì tóu huí bào zuì wéi fēng hòu de diàn yǐngzài zhè píng liǎo 'ào huò jiǎng de diàn yǐng suǒ huò de shí xiàng jiǎng zhōngyòu sān xiàng shì shǔ méi lóng defēn bié shì zuì jiā dǎo yǎnzuì jiā zhì piàn zuì jiā jiǎn ji
  
   gòng jié guò hūn de qián bāo kuò kǎi lín · luó( 1989-91)、 lín · hàn 'ěr dùn( LindaHamilton, 1997-99) děng rénxiàn rèn wéi qiàn · ài ( SuzyAmis), men 2000 nián 6 yuè jié hūn
   zhān · méi lóng - xīng chéng
  
   zhān · méi lóng
   shàonián shí de zhān · méi lóng jiù yòu fēi fán de gōng chéng cái néng zhì néng céng jīng dài lǐng xiǎo huǒ bàn men zhì zào guò zài miàn shàng liú xià dàn kēng de pāo shí yòng zhì de qián shuǐ tǐng zhǐ lǎo shǔ sòng dào liǎo jiā zài shù fāng miàn céng qīn xué guò duō nián de huì huàbìng qiě céng zài jiā xiāng bàn guò huà zhǎnbìng qiě hěn xiǎo jiù kāi shǐ xiě huàn xiǎo shuō 12 suì shí suǒ xiě de huàn xiǎo shuō bèi kàn zuò shì de huàn yǐngpiānshēn yuān shì de yuán xíng
  14 suì de shí hòu kàn dào liǎo shī tǎn · de《 2001 tài kōng màn yóu》。 dāng shí méi lóng bèi jīng dāi liǎozài diàn yǐng yuàn lián kàn liǎo 10 biàn zhī duōcóng zài xīn líng zhōng méng liǎo zhì zuò diàn yǐng de yuàn wàng kāi shǐ yòng qīn de 8 háo shè yǐng pāi shè xiē jiǎn lòu de yǐngpiān
  
   zhōng xué hòuzhān · méi lóng bèi suǒ xué de hěn kuài jiù duì xué de chéng gǎn dào shī wàngpáo chū xiào yuán chuǎng dàng shè huì gān guò xiè xiū gōnggěi bié rén kāi guò chē
  
  1977 niánzhān · méi lóng kàn dào liǎo qiáo zhì · de jīng diǎn huàn yǐngpiānxīng qiú zhàn》, dòng shí dào zhè jiù shì xiǎng yào chuàng zào de dōng zhè shǐ zhān · méi lóng què liǎo de rén shēng fāng xiàng bìng kāi shǐ wèicǐ máng láicóng wèi jiē shòu guò zhuān xùn liàn de kāi shǐ dào chù xún zhǎo huì chéng wéi diàn yǐng rénshú cóng jìng tóu dào shè yǐng dǎo guǐ de zhǒng diàn yǐng zhì zuò cáishèn zhì péng yǒu zhì dìng liǎo rén shēng pāi shè jìhuàxiǎng yào yòng shǒu tóu de shè bèi zhì de xíng zhì zuò 10 fēn zhōng de huàn yǐngpiān
  
   zhān · méi lóng shì xìng yùn de de cái huá hěn kuài jiù dào liǎo hǎo lāi zhì piàn rén luó jié · màn de shǎng shícóng luó jié · màn dào liǎo rén shēng fèn diàn yǐng fāng miàn de gōng zuò héng héng wéi màn gōng zuò shì 1980 nián de yǐngpiānxīng kōng zhànzhì zuò xíng 'èr nián jiù shēng zhí wéi zhè gōng zuò shì de lìng yǐngpiānkǒng xīng de 'èr xiǎo dǎo yǎn diàn yǐng zhì zuò shè shīzhān · méi lóng shì shǎo yòu de shè chū shēn de dǎo yǎn zhī zài hòu de diàn yǐng chuàng zuò zhōngzhān · méi lóng xiàng zhì zuò fàng zài zhòng yào de wèi zhìér qiě hái jīng cháng qīn cānyù shè shí shī de zhì zuòzài zhān · méi lóng de diàn yǐng zhuó yuè de zhì zuò dàn zǒng shì chuàng zào chū lìng rén dèng kǒu dāi xuè fèi téng de shì jué xiào guǒér qiě néng gòu qíng jié rán róng wéi háo méi yòu shēng yìng xuàn yào de gǎn juédàn zhè bìng shì shuō jiù shì zhān · méi lóng diàn yǐng de quán zhān · méi lóng dàn shì yōu xiù de gōng chéng rén yuángèng yòu bān de gōng chéng rén yuán bèi de xiǎng xiàng xiē bié de dōng
  
  1981 niánzhān · méi lóng de dǎo yǎn zuò pǐn wèn shìzhè míng jiàoshí rén 2: fán zhíde yǐngpiān wán quán zài pāi shèzhān · méi lóng kǒu de gōng zuò rén yuán xiāng chù bìng kuàiér pāi shè wán hòuzhì piàn fāng chū duì zhè wèi fēng de dǎo yǎn de qīng shì ràng cānyù yǐngpiān de zuì zhōng jiǎn ji。 25 suì de zhān · méi lóng zhī xiàyòng zhāng xìn yòng qiào kāi liǎo gōng zuò shì de mén xiǎng fāng shè xué huì shǐ yòng liǎo de jiǎn ji yòng xīng de shí jiān jiǎn ji liǎo zhěng piānzǐzài zhè guò chéng zhōngzhān · méi lóng xià dìng jué xīn zài wéi rèn rén mài mìng dìng yào zhì zuò de diàn yǐng
  
   zài jiānzhān · méi lóng bèi shòu bìng 'è pín kùn de zhé tòng de jīng shǐ měi wǎn 'è mèng chán shēn zuò liǎo fēi cháng qīng de 'è mèngbèi lái wèi lái de shā shǒu zhuī shāgēn 'è mèng de nèi róngzhān · méi lóng xiě liǎo jìn mǎn zhuó yuè cái huá de diàn yǐng běnzhōng jié zhě》。 zhè běn měi yuán de jià mài gěi liǎo zhì piàn rén gài 'ěr · ān · tiáo jiàn shì ràng de fāng shì dǎo yǎn zhè yǐngpiāngài 'ěr dāyìng liǎo de yào qiú
  1984 niánzhān · méi lóng tuī chū liǎo biān dǎo de yǐngpiānzhōng jié zhě》。 zhè yǐngpiān de pāi shè zhǐ huā liǎo 650 wàn měi yuánquè zuàn liǎo 3600 wàn měi yuán de guó nèi piào fángbìng yíng liǎo yǐng píng lùn jiè de zhì hǎo píng。《 zhōng jié zhěde chéng gōng shǐ zhān · méi lóng huò liǎo diàn yǐng jiè de guǎng fàn guān zhù
  1985 niánzhān · méi lóng 'ěr wéi · shǐ tài lóng zhuàn xiě liǎo xuè 2》 de běnzhè yǐngpiān tóng yàng liǎo piào fáng shàng de chéng gōng
  1986 niánzhān · méi lóng biān dǎo de 'èr zuò pǐn xíng 2》 wèn shìzhè yǐngpiān shì zhù míng dǎo yǎn léi · de huàn jīng diǎn xíngde chóngpāi bǎnzhān · méi lóng biān dǎo de zhè yǐngpiān de míng zhì miǎn liǎo chóngfù yuán piàn de fēng ér shì rén xíng de zhàn chǎng cóng dān de tài kōng chuán bān dào liǎo de tài kōng zhǒng dòng zuò piàn de fēng chóngxīn yǎn liǎo shēng zài tài kōng de kǒng shìzhěng yǐngpiān yáng zhe zhǒng yīng xióng zhù de jīng shén piàn de shì jué xiào guǒ jué duì liú měi gōng shè gěi rén zhǒng méi lóng yǐngpiān suǒ guàn yòu dechún cuì de ( ér fēi xíng shì zhù de ) xiè shěn měi kuài gǎnér zhì zuò kān chēng dào liǎo diàn nǎo shēng chéng yǐng xiàng cānyù diàn yǐng zhì zuò zhī qián de gāo fēng。《 xínghuò liǎo xiàng 'ào míng zhōng bāo kuò · wéi de zuì jiā zhùjué míngjiēguǒ huò liǎo zuì jiā yīn xiǎng jiǎn ji zuì jiā shì jué xiào guǒ jiǎng
  
   zhān · méi lóng
  1989 niánzhān · méi lóng biān dǎo de sān zhòng liàng zuò pǐnshēn yuānwèn shìzhè huàn yǐngpiān méi lóng de tóng lèi zuò pǐn yòu xiē tóngsuī rán zhōng chuān chā liǎo hěn duō jīng xiǎn de dǒu guān hǎi shén shēng de miáo shùdàn zhòng diǎn hái shì yòng zhǒng jiào màn de jié zòuzài huàn de bèi jǐng xià jiǎng shù liǎo guān gǎn qíng de shìhěn duō guān zhòng rèn wéi zhè yǐngpiān de jié zòu guò mànshǐ rén hūn hūn shuìzhè shǐ zhè yǐngpiān de piào fáng méi lóng de yǐngpiān mài zuòdàn yòu hěn duō yǐng bèi piàn zhōng rén de gǎn qíng suǒ dòngzài zhuàn xiěshēn yuānde běn shí mài lóng zhèng zài jīng 'èr rèn héng héng diàn yǐng zhì zuò rén gài 'ěr · ān · de gǎn qíng wēi rán de jīng dài liǎo chuàng zuò zhī zhōng nán zhù rén gōng de gǎn qíng jiū xiěde gǎn rén zhì shēn
  
  1991 niánbèi yǐng men pàn wàng jiǔ dezhōng jié zhě 2》 zhōng chū shuǐ miànzhè yǐngpiān zhèn jīng yǐng tánbìng qiě zuàn liǎo 2 měi yuán de guó nèi piào fánghuò liǎo xiàng 'ào jiǎng ( zuì jiā shì jué xiào guǒzuì jiā yīn xiǎngzuì jiā huà zhuāng zuì jiā yīn xiào jiǎn ji )。《 zhōng jié zhě 2》 xuān gào liǎo shí dài de lái línrén men zhōng xiāng xìndiàn yǐng biǎo xiàn jīng suǒ néngwéi de zhì yuē zhǐ shì rén men de xiǎng xiàng zài měi dān de chǎng miàn zhōngzhān · méi lóng huī liǎo zhuó yuè de dǎo yǎn jiǎn ji cái néngzài chǎng miàn diào méng tài de shǐ yòng shí jiān de kòng zhì děng fāng miàn dào liǎo wán měi de jìng jiè
  
   zàizhōng jié zhě 2》 zhī hòuzhān · méi lóng 1993 nián chéng liǎo de zhì zuò gōng shù lǐng degōng guāng fēn tíng kàng 。 1994 nián yóushù lǐng zhì zuò de yǐngpiānzhēn shí de huǎng yánchū zhè yǐngpiān shì jiàndié jīng xiǎn piàn qíng jié yòu jié láichéng gōng jué chū liǎo dòng zuò míng xīng shī xīn de yōu qián dàn gěi rén liú xià zuì shēn yìn xiàng de hái shì jié wěi jiàhǎi yàoshì chuí zhí luò zhàn dǒu zài hǎi tiān de bèi jǐng xià shèxiǎo niúdǎo dàn zhōng kuà hǎi qiáo de chǎng miàn zhuàng guān huá měiyòu yòu jūn shì yǎn yàng de zhēn shí gǎnér hòu lái de shàng de shā yòu chéng xiàn chū fán kuā zhāng díkǎ tōng fēng zuò wéi dǎo yǎnzhān · méi lóng néng gòu xuǎn zhōng zhè zhǒng de bàn yǎn piàn zhōngzhòng yào juésè”, bìng qiě de mèi huī dào zhìyòu zhèng míng liǎo duì měi de shū 'àihào gǎn lìng fāng miàn duō shù yǐngpiān gōng rén yuán miáo huì chéng lěng qíng de shā rén xiāng fǎn,《 zhēn shí de huǎng yán men miáo huì chéng chuán tǒng shàng dehǎo rén”, zài xiàn liǎo méi lóng yòu de guān zhù jīng shén
  
  1997 niánzhān · méi lóng pāi shè liǎo zhù míng detài tǎn hào》。 xīn zhuī qiú xīn zhōng wán měi biāo de jīng shén de zàitài tǎn hàozhōng dào liǎo zuì gāo de xiànzhān · méi lóng qīn cāo bàn liǎo jīhū měi jiàn shìcóng gěi rén yuán huà shòu fēn jiǎng jiě chuán chénmò de yuán dào wéi piàn zhōng de jié huà miáozài pāi shè guò chéng zhōngzhān · méi lóng duì yǎn yuán zhí yuán fēi cháng de yán tóu fāng de lěng yán lěng shǒu xià de yuàn shēng zài dào hán de hǎi shuǐzài jiā shàng pāi shè guò chéng zhōng dào de nán xiǎng xiàng de kùn nánzhè qiē shǐ méi lóng jīhū dào liǎo bēng kuì de biān yuándàn réng rán jiān chí zhebìng qiě hǎn chū liǎo jìn bēi zhuàng de háo yán zhuàng :“ tài tǎn hào chén,《 tài tǎn hào chén!”
  
   zhè qiē de zhōng jiū méi yòu bái fèizàitài tǎn hàotuī chū 3 yuè hòuquán měi piào fáng shōu gāo 4 7 qiān wàn měi yuánér guó piào fáng gèng shì chāo guò liǎo 18 shǐ zhè yǐngpiān chéng wéi liǎo zuì mài zuò de yǐngpiān zhī zhè yǐngpiān gèng shì huò liǎo 14 'ào jiǎng de míng bìng huò liǎo zhōng de 11 píng liǎobīn de zhān · méi lóng yīn huò liǎo 70 jiè 'ào zuì jiā dǎo yǎn jiǎngzài bān jiǎng wǎn huì shàng méi lóng jìn fēng kuáng 'ào jiǎng shēng shuō chū piàn zhōng de zhù míng tái :“ shì shì jiè zhī wáng!”
  
   huī huáng zhī hòuzhān · méi lóng què chū rén liào xuǎn liǎoxiāo shī”,《 tài tǎn hàozhī hòu zhí méi yòu tuī chū de yín zuò pǐnzhí dào 2009 nián cái zhèng shì xuān kāi pāi de xīn piàn héng héng héngā fán 》, zhè shì zhēn rén biǎo yǎn jié diàn nǎo CG dòng huà de huàn piànquán qiú yǐng yǐn jǐng dàiduì méi lóng de zuì xīn zuò hòu wàng
   zhān · méi lóng - hūn yīn shēng huó
  
   rèn
  
   méi lóng 'ěr · ān · shǒu pěng xínghǎi bào
  1978 1984 héng héng suō lǎng · wēi lián (SharonWilliams)
   gāo zhōng hòu méi lóng duì xué hěn gǎn xīng shì liǎo jiā zhōu zhōu xué dùn xué yuàn niàn shūdàn hěn kuàizhè nián qīng rén biàn chuò xué zhǎo liǎo fèn gōng zuòjiù zài zhè shí gēn zuò shēng de suō lǎng · wēi lián jié liǎo hūn shí méi lóng réng rán duì shì fǒu kuà diàn yǐng hángyè yóu juéyòu guò liǎo nián cái xià jué xīn hǎo lāi chuǎng dàng 'ǒu rán de huì méi lóng gēn qún péng yǒu zuòpáozhì liǎo 10 fēn zhōng cháng de huàn duǎn piàn héng héngshì dài jiāo 》 (Xenogenesis), zhè ràng méi lóng de zhǐ jiǎo zhǐ kuà liǎo diàn yǐng hángyè
  
  1980 nián méi lóng jìn luó jié · kǎo màn gōng wéi xiǎo chéng běn yǐngpiān zhì zuò xíng jiǔ biàn dào liǎo guà míng zhí dǎoshí rén 2》 de huìzhè duàn shí méi lóng fēi cháng shuǎng lái shì piàn chǎng èr lái xióng xīn zhí dǎo de piānzǐ bèi gǎi miàn quán fēishī díkǎ méi lóng zài pāi piàn jiān zuò liǎo bèi wèi lái shā shǒu huí lái shā de mèng méi lóng hòu lái zhè mèng xiě chéng liǎo běn míngzhōng jié zhě》。
  
   zài luó jié · kǎo màn gōng gōng zuò shí méi lóng jié shí liǎo 'ěr · ān · hòu lái chéng liǎo zhì piàn gōng bìng dāyìng yóu méi lóng qīn zhí dǎozhōng jié zhě》。 1984 nián,《 zhōng jié zhě màidàn shí méi lóng de xīn jīng zài suō lǎng shēn shàng liǎo méi lóng zài shì shí gēn tóng gān gòng de fàqī liǎo hūn
  
   shí díkǎ méi lóng suī rán qián liàngdàn réng shì qióng guāng dàn wéi zhè hūn xiàng zhī liǎo 1,200 měi yuán
  
   'èr rèn
  1985~ 1989 héng héng 'ěr · ān · (GaleAnneHurd)
   xiě jiùzhōng jié zhěde běn hòu méi lóng kāi shǐ xún zhǎo zhì piàn gōng dōu shòu běnjiù xiàn shí 'ér yán méi lóng tài guò xiǎng tiān kāi liǎogēn běn huì yòu rén yòng chū zhí dǎo zhè yàng huàn piàn shàng jiù shì huān kāi wán xiào jiā jiào hǎi 'ěr (HemdalePictures) de zhì piàn gōng yuàn ràng méi lóng qīn zhí dǎo zhè diàn yǐnggèng jiā de shì méi lóng de lǎo xiāng shíměi yàn de 'ěr · ān · gāng gāng chéng liǎo de tài píng yáng zhì zuò gōng (PacificWesternProductions), bìng yǔn nuò měi yuán de jià gòu mǎi méi lóng dezhōng jié zhě běntóng shí jǐyǔ méi lóng dǎo yǎn quán
  
  《 zhōng jié zhěpāi piàn jiānzhì piàn rén 'ěr gěi liǎo zhè líng xīn shǒu de xìn rèn guān huái。《 zhōng jié zhě huò chéng gōngquán qiú piào fáng gāo 7,800 wàn měi yuánzhè zhì zuò chéng běn 650 wàn měi yuánlián yīn guǐ dōushì lián de dān shēng dào de xiǎo chéng běn huàn piàn zào liǎo yòu yǐng shǐ
  
   zhì piàn rén 'ěr wéi méi lóng de cái huá qīng dǎobìng tóu liǎo de huái bào。《 zhōng jié zhěhòu 'ěr méi lóng yòu zuò liǎo xíng 2》 shēn yuānliǎng diàn yǐng
  
   shēn wéi zhì piàn rén 'ěr yào shí kǎo suàndàn hěn duō shí hòu zhì piàn rén gēn dǎo yǎn shì duì dezhè zhǒng gōng zuò shàng de zuò guān yǐng xiǎng liǎo 'ěr gēn méi lóng de gǎn qíng。《 shēn yuānshàng yìng qiánliǎng rén liǎo hūn
  
   jìn guǎn hūn 'ěr réng rán shì tóu nǎo qīng xǐng de zhí diàn yǐng rénliǎng nián hòu yòu yāo qǐng méi lóng zài chū shānpāi shè liǎozhōng jié zhě 2》, bìng gěi méi lóng zuì de suàn zhī chí
  
   sān rèn
  
   méi lóng xié - āi liàng xiāng lún dūn
  1989~ 1991 héng héng kǎi lín · luó (KathrynBigelow)
   kǎi lín · luó shì yàng mào rén qiě cái huá chū zhòng de diàn yǐng rénduì hēi 'àn jīng sǒng cái yǐngpiān hěn gǎn xīng gēn méi lóng jiāo wǎng jiǔliǎng rén biàn jié liǎo hūn
  
  1991 niánkǎi lín zhí dǎo liǎo yóu méi lóng zhì piàn dejīng bào diǎn》。 yǐngpiān shí fēn chéng gōngdàn liǎng rén de gǎn qíng què yīn zuò jiān chǎn shēng de chū xiàn liè hénzhè duàn hūn yīn jǐn jǐn wéi chí liǎo liǎng nián biàn cǎo cǎo shōu chǎng
  
   tóng 'ěr yàngkǎi lín gēn méi lóng fēn shǒu hòu réng rán gēn zuò。 1995 niánkǎi lín zhí dǎo liǎo gēn méi lún yuán chuàng shì héng héng shì bào cháogǎi biān de huàn piànzhè diàn yǐng yòu zheyín shā shǒude wèi dàokǎi lín · luóchāi dàn duì jīn méi lóng zài jīn qiú jiǎng 'ào shàng de zuì qiáng duì shǒu zhī
  
   rèn
  1997~ 1999 héng héng lín · hàn 'ěr dùn (LindaHamilton)
   lín gēn méi lóng de zuò shǐ 1984 nián méi lóng píng jièzhōng jié zhě piàn pěng hóng liǎo zhè jíjí míng de yǎn yuángēn méi lóng zuò shí jīng gēn nán yǎn yuán · ài jié liǎo hūn。 1989 niánlín shēng xià liǎo 'ér nián hòu biàn wéi chū yǎnzhōng jié zhě 2》 fēng kuáng duàn liàn shēn yǐngpiān zhōng méi rén kàn chū shì gāng guò jiǔ de qīn quán shēn yòu zhe lēng jiǎo fēn míng de ròu
  
   lín shēng xià 'ér jiǔ biàn gēn zhàng liǎo hūnduì méi lóng de chóng bài ràng gēn zhè wèi dǎo yǎn zǒude hěn jìn shí méi lóng jīng duì hūn yīn gǎn dào liǎo bèi
  
  1993 nián 2 yuèlín wéi méi lóng shēng xià liǎo 'ér yuē fēn。 1997 nián 7 yuèjīng guò màn cháng de hūn yīn cháng páoliǎng rén zhōng jié liǎo hūn xìng de shìlín xiàn méi lóng shì guǐjìn guǎn cái huá héng
  
   zhè duàn hūn yīn jǐn jǐn wéi chí liǎo 18 yuè 1999 nián jié shùgēn hūn qián xié lín xiàng méi lóng zhī liǎo 5,000 wàn měi yuánzhè hūn bèi wéi shǐ shàng zuì hūn de hūn yīn zhī
  
   rèn
  2000 zhì jīn héng héng · āi (SuzyAmis)
  1997 nián méi lóng detài tǎn hàoràng quán shì jiè wéi zhī qīng dǎozài piàn zhōng shì yǎn luó sūn de zhǒng wēn wǎn de xíng xiàng zài piàn zhōng chū xiànlìng rén yìn xiàng shēn 。 2000 nián shígāng gāng zǒu chū shàng duàn hūn yīn díkǎ méi lóng jué xīn yíng zhè wēn shùn de rén zuò tài tài
  
   gēn méi lóng de wèi qián xiāng shí fēn wēn shùn diàoliǎng rén hěn shǎo shēng hūn hòu chè tuì chū yǐng tánwéi méi lóng shēng xià liǎo lāi 'ěrkuí 'ēn suō bái méi lóng jiā rén dīng xīng wàng
   zhān · méi lóng - dǎo yǎn zuò pǐn
  
   huàn piànā fán
  
   dǎo yǎn de diàn yǐng zuò pǐn
  《 chòng mèng》 Battleangle-----(2011)
  《 ā fán 》 Avatar-------(2009)
  《 shēn hǎi xíng》 AliensoftheDeep-------(2005)
  《 shēn yuān yōu líng》 GhostsoftheAbyss-------(2003)
  《 chóngfǎn mài zhàn jiàn》 Expedition:Bismarck-------(2002)
  《 shì hēi tiān shǐ》 "DarkAngel"Pilot:Part1-------(2000)
  《 tài tǎn hào》 Titanic-------(1997)
  《 zhēn shí de huǎng yán》 TrueLies-------(1994)
  《 zhōng jié zhě 2: shěn pàn 》 Terminator2:JudgmentDay-------(1991)
  《 shēn yuān》 TheAbyss-------(1989)
  《 xíng 2》 Aliens-------(1986)
  《 zhōng jié zhě》 TheTerminator-------(1984)
  《 shí rén 2: fán zhí》 PiranhaPartTwo:TheSpawning-------(1981)
  
   cān yǎn de diàn yǐng zuò pǐn
  《 shēn hǎi xíng》 AliensoftheDeep-------(2005)
  《 shēn yuān yōu líng》 GhostsoftheAbyss-------(2003)
  《 chóngfǎn mài zhàn jiàn》 Expedition:Bismarck-------(2002)
  《 shì hēi tiān shǐ》 "DarkAngel"Pilot:Part1-------(2000)
  《 miù shén》 TheMuse-------(1999)
  
   biān de diàn yǐng zuò pǐn
  《 huà shēn》 Avatar-------(2009)
  《 chòng mèng》 BattleAngel-------(2011)
  《 zhōng jié zhě 4: jiù shì zhù》 TerminatorSalvation-------(2009)
  《 zhōng jié zhě wàizhuàn》 "Terminator:TheSarahConnorChronicles"-------(2008)
  《 zhōng jié zhě 3: de xīng 》 Terminator3:RiseoftheMachines-------(2003)
  《 shì hēi tiān shǐ》 "DarkAngel"-------(2000)
  《 shì tiān shǐ 1》 "DarkAngel"Pilot:Part1-------(2000)
  《 tài tǎn hào》 Titanic-------(1997)
  《 shì bào cháo》 StrangeDays-------(1995)
  《 zhēn shí de huǎng yán》 TrueLies-------(1994)
  《 zhōng jié zhě 2: shěn pàn 》 Terminator2:JudgmentDay-------(1991)
  《 shēn yuān》 TheAbyss-------(1989)
  《 xíng 2》 Aliens-------(1986)
  《 xuè 2》 Rambo:FirstBloodPartII-------(1985)
  《 zhōng jié zhě》 TheTerminator-------(1984)
  
   cānyù zhì zuò de diàn yǐng zuò pǐn
  《 chòng mèng》 BattleAngel-------(2011)
  《 huà shēn》 Avatar-------(2009)
  《 shēn hǎi xíng》 AliensoftheDeep-------(2005)
  《 shēn yuān yōu líng》 GhostsoftheAbyss-------(2003)
  《 chóngfǎn mài zhàn jiàn》 Expedition:Bismarck-------(2002)
  《 fēi xiàng tài kōng 2002》 Solaris-------(2002)
  《 shì hēi tiān shǐ》 DarkAngel"-------(2000)
  《 shì tiān shǐ 1》 "DarkAngel"Pilot:Part1-------(2000)
  《 tài tǎn hào》 Titanic-------(1997)
  《 shì bào cháo》 StrangeDays-------(1995)
  《 zhēn shí de huǎng yán》 TrueLies-------(1994)
  《 zhōng jié zhě 2: shěn pàn 》 Terminator2:JudgmentDay-------(1991)
  《 zhōng háo qíng》 PointBreak-------(1991)
   zhān · méi lóng - suǒ huò róng
  1998 nián 70 jiè 'ào zuì jiā dǎo yǎn jiǎng
  
  1998 nián 70 jiè 'ào zuì jiā diàn yǐng jiǎn ji jiǎng
  
  1998 nián 55 jiè jīn qiú jiǎng zuì jiā dǎo yǎn jiǎng
  
  1998 nián kān chéng yǐng píng rén xié huì zuì jiā dǎo yǎn jiǎng
  
  1998 nián wéi jiā yǐng píng rén xié huì zuì jiā dǎo yǎn jiǎng
  2010 nián 9 yuèměi guó zhì piàn rén gōng huì jiāng shòu ā fán dǎo yǎn zhān · méi lóng zhōng shēn chéng jiù jiǎng biǎo zhāng běn rén duì diàn yǐng zuò chū de zhuó yuè gòng xiànzhè jiǎng xiàng jiāng míng nián 1 yuè zhèng shì bān
   zhān · méi lóng - rén píng jià
  
   zhān · méi lóng
   zhān · méi lóngměi guó dǎo yǎn ( jiān biān zhì piàn ), shè huā qián dài jià zhuī qiú zuì zhì de shì jué xiào guǒzuò pǐn yòu xiǎng xiàng zhèn hàn chuàng zào yǐng shǐ piào fáng zuì gāo zài měi piān xiáng jìn miáo shù zhān · méi lóng shēng píng de wén zhāng jīhū dōuyào miǎn shǐ yòngè míng zhāo zhùzhè héng héng méi cuò zài pāi shè shì gǒu qiúzhuān héng debào jūn”; zài jiā tíng zhōng shì huì tiē bìng qiě jiàn qiān de zhàng zài hǎo lāi tóng xíng kàn lái méi lóng shì piān zhí kuáng shāo qián de rán 'ér zài hěn duō tōng yǐng yǎn zhè xiē zhǐ wán quán guān jǐn yào men shì dàn tiǎo tóu jiù shì chū de 'è gōng shì jiè shàng zhǐ yòu zhān · méi lóng jiù shì yīng xióng zhān · méi lóng tiān cái zhān · méi lóng lún suǒ néng de dǎo yǎn zhān · méi lóng
   zhān · méi lóng shì 'èr shí shì jiè zuì yǐn rén zhù mùdì dǎo yǎn zhī céng jīng liǎng chuàng zào diàn yǐng tóu de zuì gāo pāi shè guò shì jiè shàng yòu shǐ lái zuì mài zuò de yǐngpiānpíng liǎo yǐngpiān huò 'ào jiǎng shù mùdì bìng qiě měi yǐngpiān wéi hòu de diàn yǐng shù liǎo shù de biāo gānzài shuō zhān · méi lóng de shí hòurén men miǎn yào dào lìng wèi jié chū de shāng piàn dǎo yǎn wén · 'ěr néng gēn zhè wèi 'èr shí shì de diàn yǐng rén xiāng bìng lùnběn shēn jiù shuō míng liǎo méi lóng zài rén men xīn zhōng de chóng gāo wèi
   gēn zuò guòtài tǎn hàode kǎi · wēn lāi céng tǎn yán guǒ méi yòu piàn chóu me jiāng suàn zài gēn méi lóng zuò chéng rèn méi lóng shì hǎo réndàn tàichà liǎoyòu rén shèn zhì miáo shù shuō,“ gēn méi lóng gōng zuò jiǎn zhí shì chǎng 'è mèng。” zhè yàng de rén guān ràng hěn duō rén gēn méi lóng yòu guò duǎn zàn zuò hòu zhī dàn tóng shí yòu duō rén wéi méi lóng de cái huá qīng dǎo xiē yǎn zhí rén yuán gēn suí méi lóng duō niánchéng wéi méi lóng de dìng zuò huǒ bànlìng yòu xiē rén shēn shēn 'ài shàng liǎo méi lóng men gēn méi lóng de hūn yīn suàn shàng cháng jiǔ men liàn de cái huáquè yòu xiāng chù


  James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian film director, film producer, screenwriter, editor, and inventor. His writing and directing work includes Piranha II: The Spawning (1981), The Terminator (1984), Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), True Lies (1994), Titanic (1997), and Avatar (2009). In the time between making Titanic and his return to feature films with Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films (specifically underwater documentaries), and also co-developed the digital 3-D Fusion Camera System. Described by a biographer as part-scientist and part-artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies.
  In total, Cameron's directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America and US$6 billion worldwide. Without adjusting for inflation, Cameron's Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $1.8 billion and $2.7 billion respectively. In terms of worldwide gross, he is the second-highest grossing director of all time, behind Steven Spielberg.
  
  Background
  
  Cameron was born in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, the son of Shirley, an artist and nurse and Phillip Cameron, an electrical engineer. His paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland in 1825; thus, he descends from Clan Cameron.
  Cameron grew up in Chippawa, Ontario and attended Stamford Collegiate School in Niagara Falls; his family moved to Brea, California in 1971 when he was 17. Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a 2-year community college, in 1973 to study Physics. He switched to English, then dropped out before the start of the fall 1974 semester.
  After dropping out, he worked several jobs such as truck driving and wrote when he had time. During this period he taught himself about special effects: "I'd go down to the USC library and pull any thesis that graduate students had written about optical printing, or front screen projection, or dye transfers, anything that related to film technology. That way I could sit down and read it, and if they'd let me photocopy it, I would. If not, I'd make notes."
  After seeing the original Star Wars film in 1977, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry. When Cameron read Syd Field's book Screenplay, it occurred to him that integrating science and art was possible, and he wrote a ten minute science fiction script with two friends, entitled Xenogenesis. They raised money and rented camera, lenses, film stocks, and studio, and shot it in 35mm. To understand how to operate the camera, they dismantled it and spent the first half-day of the shoot trying to figure out how to get it running.
  [edit]Early career
  
  As Cameron continued educating himself in techniques, he started as a miniature model maker at Roger Corman Studios. Making fast, low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon was an art director in the sci-fi movie Battle Beyond the Stars (1980). He did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenter's Escape from New York (1981), acted as production designer on Galaxy of Terror (1981), and consulted on the design of Android (1982) .
  Cameron was hired as the special effects director for the sequel of Piranha, entitled Piranha II: The Spawning in 1981. However, the director left the project and Cameron was hired by Italian producer Assonitis to take over, giving him his first directorial job. He worked with producer Roger Corman. The interior scenes were filmed in Rome, Italy while the underwater diving sequences were shot at Grand Cayman Island.
  The movie was to be produced in Jamaica, but when Cameron arrived at the studio, he discovered that the project was under-financed and his crew comprised primarily Italians who spoke no English. Under duress, Cameron says, he had a nightmare about an invincible robot hitman sent from the future to kill him, giving him the idea for The Terminator, which would later catapult his filming career.
  [edit]Major films
  
  [edit]The Terminator (1984)
  Main article: The Terminator
  After completing a screenplay for The Terminator, Cameron decided to sell it so that he could direct the movie. However, the production companies he contacted, while expressing interest in the project, were unwilling to let a first-time feature film director make the movie. Finally, Cameron found a company called Hemdale Pictures, which was willing to let him direct. Gale Anne Hurd, who had started her own production company, Pacific Western Productions, had previously worked with Cameron in Roger Corman's company and agreed to buy Cameron's screenplay for one dollar, on the condition that Cameron direct the film. Hurd was signed on as producer, and Cameron finally got his first break as director. Orion Pictures distributed the film.
  
  
  Cameron in September 1986
  Initially, for the role of the Terminator, Cameron wanted someone who wasn't exceptionally muscular, and who could "blend into" a normal crowd. Lance Henriksen, who had starred in Piranha II: The Spawning, was considered for the titular role, but when Arnold Schwarzenegger and Cameron first met over lunch to discuss Schwarzenegger playing the role of Kyle Reese, both came to the conclusion that the cyborg villain would be the more compelling role for the Austrian bodybuilder; Henriksen got the smaller part of LAPD detective Hal Vukovich and the role of Kyle Reese went to Michael Biehn. In addition, Linda Hamilton first appeared in this film in her iconic role of Sarah Connor, and later married Cameron.
  The Terminator was a box office hit, breaking expectations by Orion Pictures executives that the film would be regarded as no more than a sci-fi film, and only last a week in theaters. It was a low-budget film which cost $6.5 million to make, cutting expenses in such ways as recording the audio track in mono. However, The Terminator eventually earned over $78 million worldwide.
  [edit]Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985)
  Main article: Rambo: First Blood Part II
  During the early 1980s, Cameron wrote three screenplays simultaneously: The Terminator, Aliens, and the first draft of Rambo: First Blood Part II. While Cameron continued with The Terminator and Aliens, Sylvester Stallone eventually took over the script of Rambo: First Blood Part II, creating a final draft which differed radically from Cameron's initial version. Cameron was credited for his screenplay in the film's final credits.
  [edit]Aliens (1986)
  Main article: Aliens (film)
  
  
  The producing team behind Aliens, James Cameron and Gale Ann Hurd
  Cameron next began the sequel to Alien, the 1979 film by Ridley Scott. Cameron named the sequel Aliens, and again cast Sigourney Weaver in the iconic role of Ellen Ripley. According to Cameron, the crew on Aliens was hostile to him, regarding him as a poor substitute for Ridley Scott. Cameron sought to show them The Terminator but the majority of the crew refused and remained skeptical of his direction throughout production. Despite this and other off-screen problems (such as clashing with an uncooperative camera man and having to replace one of the lead actors - Michael Biehn of Terminator took James Remar's place as Corporal Hicks), Aliens became a box office success, and received Academy Award nominations for Best Actress in a Leading Role for Weaver, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, Best Sound, and won awards for Best Sound Effects Editing and Best Visual Effects. In addition, the film and its lead actress made the cover of TIME magazine as a result of its breakthrough feminist themes about women in combat. Following the phenomenal success of the film, Cameron now had more freedom to make whatever projects he wanted.
  [edit]The Abyss (1989)
  Main article: The Abyss
  Cameron's next project stemmed from an idea that had come up during a high school biology class. The story of oil-rig workers who discover otherworldly underwater creatures became the basis of Cameron's screenplay for The Abyss, which cast Ed Harris, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio and Michael Biehn. Initially budgeted at $41 million U.S. (though the production ran considerably over budget), it was considered to be one of the most expensive films of its time, and required cutting-edge effects technology. Because much of the film takes place underwater and the technology wasn't advanced enough to digitally create an underwater environment, Cameron chose to shoot much of the movie "reel-for-real", at depths of up to 40 feet (12 m). For creation of the sets, the containment building of an unfinished nuclear power plant was converted, and two huge tanks were used. The main tank was filled with 7,500,000 US gallons (28,400,000 L) of water, and the second with 2,500,000 US gallons (9,500,000 L). The cast and crew resided there for much of the shooting.
  [edit]Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
  Main article: Terminator 2: Judgment Day
  After the success of The Terminator, there had always been talks about a sequel to continue the story of Sarah Connor and her struggle against machines from the future. Although Cameron had come up with a core idea for the sequel, and Schwarzenegger expressed interest in continuing the story, there were still problems regarding who had the rights to the story, as well as the logistics of the special effects needed to make the sequel. Finally, in late-1980s, Mario Kassar of Carolco Pictures secured the rights to the sequel, allowing Cameron to greenlight production of the film, now called Terminator 2: Judgment Day.
  For the film, Linda Hamilton reprised her iconic role of Sarah Connor. In addition, Schwarzenegger also returned in his role as The Terminator, but this time as a protector. Unlike the T-800, who is made of a metal endoskeleton, the new villain of the sequel, called the T-1000, was a more advanced Terminator made of liquid metal, and with polymorphic abilities. The T-1000 would also be much less bulky than the T-800. For the role, Cameron cast Robert Patrick, a sharp contrast to Schwarzenegger. Cameron explained, "I wanted someone who was extremely fast and agile. If the T-800 is a human Panzer tank, then the T-1000 is a Porsche."
  Cameron had originally wanted to incorporate this advanced-model Terminator into the first film, but the special effects at the time were not advanced enough. The ground-breaking effects used in The Abyss to digitally depict the water tentacle convinced Cameron that his liquid metal villain was now possible.
  TriStar Pictures agreed to distribute the film, but under a locked release date only about one year after the start of shooting. The movie, co-written by Cameron and his longtime friend, William Wisher, Jr., had to go from screenplay to finished film in just that amount of time. Like Cameron's previous film, it was one of the most expensive films of its era, with a budget of about $100 million. The biggest challenge of the movie was the special effects used in creating the T-1000. Nevertheless, the film was finished on time, and released to theaters on July 3, 1991.
  Terminator 2, or T2, as it was abbreviated, broke box-office records (including the opening weekend record for an R-rated film), earning over $200 million in the United States and Canada, and over $300 million in other territories, and became the highest-grossing film of that year. It won four Academy Awards: Best Makeup, Best Sound, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing, but lost both Awards to JFK.
  James Cameron announced a third Terminator film many times during the 1990s, but without coming out with any finished scripts. Kassar and Vajna purchased the rights to the Terminator franchise from a bankruptcy sale of Carolco's assets. Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines was eventually made and released in July 2003 without Cameron's involvement. Jonathan Mostow directed the film and Schwarzenegger returned as the Terminator.
  Cameron reunited with the main cast of Terminator 2 to film T2 3-D: Battle Across Time, an attraction at Universal Studios Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Japan. It was released in 1996 and was a mini-sequel to Terminator 2: Judgment Day. The show is in two parts: a prequel segment in which a spokesperson talks about Cyberdyne, and a main feature, in which the performers interact with a 3-D movie.
  [edit]True Lies (1994)
  Main article: True Lies
  Before the release of T2, Schwarzenegger came to Cameron with the idea of making a remake of the French comedy La Totale! Titled True Lies, with filming beginning after T2's release, the story revolves around a secret-agent spy who leads a double life as a married man, whose wife believes he is a computer salesman. Schwarzenegger was cast as Harry Tasker, a spy charged with stopping a plan by a terrorist to use nuclear weapons against the United States. Jamie Lee Curtis and Eliza Dushku played the character's family, and Tom Arnold the sidekick.
  Cameron's Lightstorm Entertainment signed on with Twentieth Century Fox for production of True Lies. Made on a budget of $115 million and released in 1994, the film earned $146 million in North America, and $232 million abroad. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects.
  [edit]Titanic (1997)
  Main article: Titanic (1997 film)
  Cameron expressed interest in the famous sinking of the ship RMS Titanic. He decided to script and film his next project based on this event. The picture revolved around a fictional romance story between two young lovers from different social classes who meet onboard the ship's maiden voyage. Before production began, he took dives to the bottom of the Atlantic and shot actual footage of the ship underwater, which he inserted into the final film.
  For the film Titanic, Cameron cast Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, and Billy Zane. Cameron's budget for the film reached about $200 million, making it the most expensive movie ever made at the time. Before its release, the film was widely ridiculed for its expense and protracted production schedule.
  Released to theaters on December 19, 1997, Titanic grossed less in its first weekend ($28.6 million) than in its second, ($35.4 million), an increase of 23.8%. This is unheard of for a widely released film, which is a testament to the movie's appeal. This was especially noteworthy, considering that the film's running time of more than three hours limited the number of showings each theater could schedule. It held the No. 1 spot on the box-office charts for months, eventually grossing a total of over $600 million in the United States and Canada and more than $1.8 billion worldwide. Titanic became the highest-grossing film ever made, until Cameron's 2009 film Avatar. The CG visuals surrounding the sinking and destruction of the ship were considered spectacular. Despite criticism during production of the film, it received a record-tying 14 Oscar nominations (tied with All About Eve) at the 1998 Academy Awards. It won 11 Oscars (also record-tying with Ben-Hur and later The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King), including Best Picture, Editing, Sound, Special Effects, Music and Score, and the Best Director award for Cameron. Upon receiving the award, Cameron exclaimed, "I'm king of the world!", in reference to one of the main characters' lines from the film. In March 2010, Cameron revealed that Titanic will be re-released in 3D in April 2012, in order to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the actual ship.
  [edit]Spider-Man and Dark Angel (2000–2002)
  Main articles: Spider-Man (film series)#Development and Dark Angel (TV series)
  Cameron had initially next planned to do a film of the comic book character Spider-Man, a project developed by Menahem Golan of Cannon Films. Columbia hired David Koepp to adapt Cameron's treatment into a screenplay, and Koepp's first draft is taken often word-for-word from Cameron's story,[citation needed] though later drafts were heavily rewritten by Koepp himself, Scott Rosenberg, Alvin Sargent, and (allegedly)[by whom?] Ivan Raimi, brother of director Sam Raimi. Columbia preferred to credit David Koepp solely, and none of the scripts before or after his were ever examined by the Writers Guild of America, East to determine proper credit attribution.[citation needed] Cameron and other writers objected, but Columbia and the WGA prevailed. In its release in 2002, Spider-Man had its screenplay credited solely to Koepp.
  Unable to make Spider-Man, Cameron moved to television and created Dark Angel, a superheroine-centered series influenced by cyberpunk, biopunk, contemporary superhero franchises, and third-wave feminism. Co-produced with Charles H. Eglee, Dark Angel starred Jessica Alba as Max Guevara, a genetically enhanced transgenic super-soldier created by a secretive organization. Cameron's work was said to "bring empowered female warriors back to television screens[...] by mixing the sober feminism of his The Terminator and Aliens characters with the sexed-up Girl Power of a Britney Spears concert." While a success in its first season, low ratings in the second led to its cancellation. Cameron himself directed the series finale, a two-hour episode wrapping up many of the series' loose ends.
  [edit]Documentaries (2002–2009)
  Cameron's recent projects have included undersea documentaries on the Bismarck (Expedition: Bismarck, 2002) and the Titanic (Ghosts of the Abyss (2003, in IMAX 3D) and Tony Robinson's Titanic Adventure (2005). He was a producer on the 2002 film Solaris, and narrated The Exodus Decoded.
  
  
  Cameron in September 2007
  Cameron is a leading advocate for stereoscopic digital 3-D films. In a 2003 interview about his IMAX 3D documentary Ghosts of the Abyss, he mentioned that he is "going to do everything in 3D now". He has made similar statements in other interviews. Ghosts of the Abyss and Aliens of the Deep (also an IMAX documentary) were both shot in 3-D and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Walden Media, and Cameron did the same for his new project, Avatar for 20th Century Fox & Sony Pictures' Columbia Pictures. He intends to use the same technology for The Dive, Sanctum and an adaptation of the manga series Battle Angel Alita.
  Cameron was a co-founder and former CEO of Digital Domain, a visual effects production and technology company.
  In addition, he plans to create a 3-D project about the first trip to Mars. ("I've been very interested in the Humans to Mars movement—the 'Mars Underground'—and I've done a tremendous amount of personal research for a novel, a miniseries, and a 3-D film.") He is on the science team for the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory.
  Cameron announced on February 26, 2007, that he, along with his director, Simcha Jacobovici, have documented the unearthing of the Talpiot Tomb, which is alleged to be the tomb of Jesus. Unearthed in 1980 by Israeli construction workers, the names on the tomb are claimed, by Cameron, to correlate with the names of Jesus and several individuals closely associated with him. Cameron further claims to have DNA tests, archaeological evidence, and Biblical studies to back up his claim. The documentary, named The Lost Tomb of Jesus, was broadcast on the Discovery Channel on March 4, 2007.
  [edit]Avatar (2009)
  Main article: Avatar (2009 film)
  
  
  Cameron promoting Avatar during the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con
  In June 2005, Cameron was announced to be working on a project tentatively titled "Project 880" (now known to be Avatar) in parallel with another project, Battle Angel. Both movies were to be shot in 3D. By December, Cameron stated that he wanted to film Battle Angel first, followed by Avatar. However in February 2006, he switched goals for the two film projects and decided to film Avatar first. He mentioned that if both films are successful, he would be interested in seeing a trilogy being made for both.
  Avatar had an estimated budget of over $300 million and was released on December 18, 2009. This marked his first feature film since 1997's Titanic . It is composed almost entirely of computer-generated animation, using a more advanced version of the "performance capture" technique used by director Robert Zemeckis in The Polar Express. James Cameron wrote an 80 page scriptment for Avatar in 1995 and announced in 1996 that he would make the film after completing Titanic. In December 2006, Cameron explained that the delay in producing the film since the 1990s had been to wait until the technology necessary to create his project was advanced enough. The film was originally scheduled to be released in May 2009 but was pushed back to December 2009 to allow more time for post production on the complex CGI and to give more time for theatres worldwide to install 3D projectors. Cameron originally intended Avatar to be 3D-only. The film went on to break the record for highest-grossing film ever, beating Cameron's previous film Titanic. Avatar also became the first movie to ever earn more than $2 billion worldwide. It was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, and won three for Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects and Best Art Direction. Cameron lost the award for Best Director to his ex-wife, Kathryn Bigelow, who also took Best Picture with her film The Hurt Locker.
  [edit]Awards
  
  
  
  Cameron receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in December 2009
  Cameron received the Bradbury Award from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1991—but, being primarily thought of as a genre filmmaker, he did not receive any major mainstream filmmaking awards prior to Titanic. With Titanic, Cameron received Academy Awards for Best Film Editing (shared with Conrad Buff and Richard A. Harris), Best Picture (shared with Jon Landau), and Best Director. He also won a Golden Globe Award for best director for the film.
  In recognition of "a distinguished career as a Canadian filmmaker", Carleton University, Ottawa, awarded Cameron the honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Arts on June 13, 1998. Cameron accepted the degree in person and gave the Convocation Address.[citation needed]
  He also received an honorary doctorate in October, 1998 from Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, for his accomplishments in the international film industry.
  In 1998, Cameron attended convocation to receive an honorary doctorate of Laws from Ryerson University, Toronto. The university awards its highest honor to those who have made extraordinary contributions in Canada, or internationally.
  In 1999, Cameron received the honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from California State University, Fullerton, where he had been a student in the 1970s. He received the degree at the university's annual Commencement exercises that year, where he gave the keynote speech.
  In recognition of his contributions to underwater filming and remote vehicle technology, the University of Southampton awarded Cameron the honorary degree of Doctor of the University. Cameron received his degree in person at the graduation ceremony in July, 2004.[citation needed]
  On June 3, 2008, it was announced that he would be inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame. On December 18, 2009, the same day Avatar was released worldwide, Cameron received the 2,396th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
  On February 28, 2010 James Cameron was honored with a Visual Effects Society (VES) Lifetime Achievement Award.
  With Avatar, Cameron has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Picture (shared with Jon Landau), Best Director and Best Film Editing (shared with John Refoua and Stephen E. Rivkin) and received the Golden Globe for Best Picture and Best Director. Cameron and Avatar lost the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture to Cameron's former wife Kathryn Bigelow for her film, The Hurt Locker.
  On September 24, 2010 James Cameron was named Number 1 in The 2010 Guardian Film Power 100 list. In a list compiled by the British magazine New Statesman in September 2010, he was listed 30thin the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".
  [edit]Awards by film
  Year Film Role Notes
  1981 Piranha II: The Spawning Director Nominated – Fantasporto International Fantasy Film Award Best Film
  1984 The Terminator Director, Writer Saturn Award Best Writing
  Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival Grand Prize
  Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Direction
  1985 Rambo: First Blood Part II Writer Razzie Award for Worst Screenplay
  1986 Aliens Director, Writer Saturn Award for Best Direction
  Saturn Award Best Writing
  Kinema Junpo Awards Best Foreign Language Film
  Hugo Award Best Dramatic Presentation
  1989 The Abyss Director, Writer Saturn Award for Best Direction
  Nominated – Saturn Award Best Writing
  Nominated – Hugo Award Best Dramatic Presentation
  1991 Terminator 2: Judgment Day Director, Writer and Producer Saturn Award for Best Direction
  Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film
  Mainichi Film Award Best Foreign Language Film
  Hugo Award Best Dramatic Presentation
  Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America Bradbury Award
  Nominated – Saturn Award Best Writing
  1994 True Lies Director, Writer and Producer Saturn Award for Best Direction
  1995 Strange Days Writer and Producer Nominated – Saturn Award Best Writing
  1997 Titanic Director/Writer/Producer/Editor Academy Award for Best Director
  Academy Award for Best Picture
  Academy Award for Best Film Editing
  Amanda Award Best Foreign Film
  Eddie Award Best Edited Feature Film
  Blue Ribbon Award Best Foreign Language Film
  Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Director
  Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director
  Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
  Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Director
  Empire Award for Best Film
  Florida Film Critics Circle Award Best Film
  Golden Globe Award for Best Director
  Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
  Hochi Film Award Best Foreign Language Film
  Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award Best Director
  Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award Best Film
  Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Director
  Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture
  Mainichi Film Award Best Foreign Language Film
  National Board of Review Award Special Citation For the use of special effects technology
  Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Director
  Producers Guild of America Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award
  Satellite Award for Best Director
  Satellite Award for Best Editing
  Satellite Award for Best Film – Drama
  Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Direction
  Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Film
  Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Editing
  Nominated – Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Film
  Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Film
  Nominated – César Award Best Foreign Language Film
  Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay
  Nominated – London Film Critics Circle Award for Director of the Year
  Nominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture
  Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay
  Nominated – Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay
  2003 Ghosts of the Abyss Director/Producer Nominated – Broadcast Film Critics Association Award Best Documentary
  2005 Aliens of the Deep Director/Producer/Cinematographer
  2009 Avatar Director/Writer/Producer/Editor Golden Globe Award for Best Director
  Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
  Empire Award for Best Director
  Empire Award for Best Film
  Broadcast Film Critics Association Award Best Editing
  Broadcast Film Critics Association Award Best Action Movie
  Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Editing
  Saturn Award for Best Direction
  Saturn Award for Best Writing
  Nominated – Academy Award for Best Director
  Nominated – Academy Award for Best Picture
  Nominated – Academy Award for Best Film Editing
  Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Direction
  Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Film
  Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Editing
  Nominated – Eddie Award Best Edited Feature Film
  Nominated – Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Director
  Nominated – César Award Best Foreign Language Film
  Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director
  Nominated – Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
  Nominated – IOMA Award Best Director
  Nominated – IOMA Award Best Film
  Nominated – London Film Critics Circle Award for Director of the Year
  Nominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Director
  Nominated – Producers Guild of America Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award
  Nominated – Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay
  2014 Avatar 2 Director/Writer/Producer/Editor Being Written
  2015 Avatar 3 Director/Writer/Producer/Editor Being Written
  [edit]Casting
  
  Cameron often casts certain actors more than once in his films. Cameron has consistently worked with Bill Paxton (who also narrated Ghosts of the Abyss), Michael Biehn, Lance Henriksen (who also narrated Expedition: Bismarck), Jenette Goldstein and Arnold Schwarzenegger.
  Actor Xenogenesis (1978) Piranha II: The Spawning (1981) The Terminator (1984) Aliens (1986) The Abyss (1989) Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) True Lies (1994) Titanic (1997) Avatar (2009)
  Bill Paxton
  Michael Biehn 1
  Linda Hamilton
  Lance Henriksen
  William Wisher, Jr.
  Jenette Goldstein
  Arnold Schwarzenegger
  Sigourney Weaver
  Earl Boen
  1 His reprised role of Reese was cut from the theatrical release, but restored in the DVD's Special Edition Version.
  [edit]Recurring themes
  
  Throughout Cameron's career, several of his films have had recurring themes and subtexts. These include: the prospects of nuclear holocaust (the Skynet takeover scenario from both Terminator films), attempts to reconcile humanity with technology (as seen in Aliens and Terminator 2: Judgment Day), humanity repeating the same mistakes, the dangers of corporate greed, strong female characters (Sarah Connor and Ellen Ripley being the most famous), a strong romance subplot, anti-corporation (Aliens, Avatar), anti-military (The Abyss, Avatar), and an undercurrent of feminism. This was also present with Jamie Lee Curtis's character in True Lies and Kate Winslet's role in Titanic, in which she served as the main protagonist and narrator.
  While The Abyss dealt with deep sea exploration (shot on a studio set), Cameron himself became an expert in the field of deep sea wreckage exploration exploring the wreckage of Titanic and Bismarck. Cameron will return to this theme with The Dive (see Projects), shooting from a minisub.
  So important is technology in Cameron's films that he waited years for the technical tools of the craft to advance sufficiently to realize his vision for Avatar, for which he had special 3-D cameras developed.
  [edit]Filmography
  
  Further information: James Cameron filmography
  James Cameron is an award-winning Canadian film director, writer, producer and special effects artist. He has contributed to many projects as either the writer, director, producer, or a combination of the three.
  Cameron's first film was the 1978 science fiction short film Xenogenesis, which he directed, wrote and produced. Cameron's films have grossed a total of over $7 billion worldwide.
  In addition to works of fiction, Cameron has directed and appeared in several documentaries including Ghosts of the Abyss and Aliens of the Deep. He also contributed to a number of television series including Dark Angel and Entourage.
  [edit]Personal life
  
  Cameron has been married five times, to Sharon Williams (1978–1984), Gale Anne Hurd (1985–1989), Kathryn Bigelow (1989–1991), Linda Hamilton (1997–1999, one daughter) and Suzy Amis (since 2000, one son, two daughters). Hurd was the producer of Cameron's The Terminator, Aliens, and The Abyss, and the executive producer of Terminator 2: Judgement Day. Amis played the part of Lizzy Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, in Titanic. Hamilton played the role of Sarah Connor in both Terminator films. Both Cameron (Avatar) and Bigelow (The Hurt Locker) were nominated for the Oscar, Golden Globe, and BAFTA Award for Best Director for films released in 2009. Cameron won the Golden Globe, whilst Bigelow won the Oscar and the BAFTA for Best Director, becoming the first woman to win either.
  Cameron is a member of the NASA Advisory Council and is working on the project to put cameras on an upcoming manned Mars mission. He is also a member of the Mars Society, a non-profit advocacy organization lobbying for the human colonization of Mars.[citation needed]
  In June 2010, Cameron met in Washington with the EPA to discuss possible solutions to the 2010 BP oil spill. Later that week at the All Things Digital Conference, he attracted some notoriety when he stated, "Over the last few weeks I've watched...and [been] thinking, 'Those morons don't know what they're doing'." Reportedly, Cameron had offered BP help to plug the oil well, but they declined. The oil spill was eventually stopped using techniques similar to what Cameron recommended.
  Although Cameron has lived his entire adult life in the United States, he remains a Canadian citizen. Cameron applied for American citizenship but withdrew his application after George W. Bush won the presidential election in 2004.
  Cameron is atheist, and once as a child he described the Lord's Prayer as being a 'tribal chant'.
  Cameron lives in Malibu, California with his wife.
  [edit]Perceptions by colleagues
  
  Cameron has been labeled by one collaborator, author Orson Scott Card, as selfish and cruel. When asked about working with Cameron on the novelization of The Abyss, Card said the experience was "hell on wheels. He was very nice to me, because I could afford to walk away. But he made everyone around him miserable, and his unkindness did nothing to improve the film in any way. Nor did it motivate people to work faster or better. And unless he changes his way of working with people, I hope he never directs anything of mine."
  After working with Cameron on the set of Titanic, Kate Winslet decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money." She admitted Cameron was a nice man, but felt he had too much of a temper. In an editorial, the British newspaper The Independent said that Cameron "is a nightmare to work with. Studios have come to fear his habit of straying way over schedule and over budget. He is notorious on set for his uncompromising and dictatorial manner, as well as his flaming temper.". Her co-star, Leonardo DiCaprio, said "Jim knows exactly what he wants. Needless to say, when somebody felt a different way on the set of Titanic, there was a confrontation, Jim had it out with them right there in front of everybody. He lets you know exactly how he feels. But he's of the lineage of John Ford. He knows what he wants his film to be. I remember sitting in a theater after it was done and being in awe. He got what he wanted."
  Sam Worthington, the latest lead actor to work with Cameron, stated on the Jay Leno Show that Cameron had very high expectations from everyone, and would often use a nail gun to nail the film crew's cell phones to a wall above an exit door in retaliation to unwanted ringing during production. During the promotion for Avatar, Cameron stated on Jimmy Kimmel Live! that although he doubts anyone would describe him as a mellow person, he is at least mellower than he was before.
  Other actors, such as Bill Paxton and Sigourney Weaver, have praised Cameron's perfectionist work ethic. Weaver said of Cameron: "He really does want us to risk our lives and limbs for the shot, but he doesn't mind risking his own."
  [edit]Appearances in media
  
  Entourage – Cameron appeared as himself. In the series' storyline, he is the director of a film based on the superhero Aquaman. Cameron's involvement in the project attracted protagonist Vincent Chase to the title role.
  The Muse
  Saturday Night Live – In the episode where Sigourney Weaver hosted, Cameron appears as himself in an SNL Digital Short in which he presents Lorne Michaels with an idea for a new film that, much to Michaels' dismay, is a sequel to Laser Cats 4, Laser Cats 5 (starring Weaver), parodying Terminator, Aliens, Titanic, and Avatar. Cameron also appeared as himself when his longtime friend Bill Paxton hosted the show.
  Your Studio and You - Cameron appears in the short, gardening the Universal studio landscape.
    

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