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Ethel Lilian Voynich
yīng guó  (1864niánwǔyuè11rì1960niánqīyuè27rì)
Ethel Lilian Boole
ài jié 'ěr · lián ·
ài jié 'ěr · lián · 'ěr
chūshēngdì: ài 'ěr lán

xiàn shí bǎi tài Realistic Fictionniú méng The Gadfly》

yuèdòu Ethel Lilian Voynichzài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!!
伏尼契
伏尼契

艾捷尔·丽莲·伏尼契,(爱尔兰语Ethel Lilian Voynich,1864年5月1日-1960年8月27日),婚前姓布尔,爱尔兰小说家和音乐家、革命事业的支持者。是卡玛的曾姨母。她生于科克,父亲是数学家乔治·布尔,母亲是女权主义哲学家玛丽·埃佛勒斯——乔治·埃佛勒斯的侄女、20世纪早起刊物《Crank》的作者。1893年她与威尔弗里德·迈克尔·伏尼契结婚。

生平

她主要以小说《牛虻》知名,该书于1897年在美国和英国出版,讲述了一名意大利革命者的斗争。这部小说在苏联广受欢迎,在那儿成为畅销书和必读书,因为意识形态上可被利用;由于类似原因它在中国也很出名。伏尼契死时,《牛虻》售出了2500000本,1928年和1955年还被改编成电影。

据历史学者罗宾·布鲁斯·洛克哈特透露,悉尼·赖利——一个俄罗斯出生的冒险家和特务,受雇于英国秘密情报局,1895年在伦敦会见了艾捷尔·伏尼契。艾捷尔·伏尼契在维多利亚后期的文坛和俄罗斯流亡人士圈内都是重要人物。洛克哈特当时也在情报部门供职,他声称伏尼契与赖利曾有婚外情,还曾一起远渡意大利。期间赖利告诉伏尼契他在俄国的青年生活,后来《牛虻》中的主角亚瑟·伯顿即是以他为原型。不过赖利的传记作者安德鲁·库克不承认此说,认为赖利可能将伏尼契的亲流亡者激进活动告知了政治部。

苏联天文学家塔玛拉·米哈伊洛夫娜·斯米尔诺娃1970年发现的小行星2032(2032 Ethel)即以艾捷尔命名。

参考资料

  1. ^ 《专访“文革”反思片洋导演卡玛》 六、“文革”远比犹太人被迫害更复杂
  2. ^ Showalter 1977, p. 63.
  3. ^ Sometimes given as Everett. Showalter 1977, p. 63.
  4. ^ Showalter 1977, pp.251–252.
  5. ^ Cork City Libraries 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2007-11-18. provides a downloadable PDF 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 of Evgeniya Taratuta's 1957 biographical pamphlet Our Friend Ethel Lilian Boole/Voynich, translated from the Russian by Séamus Ó Coigligh. The pamphlet gives some idea of the Soviet attitude toward Voynich.
  6. ^ Robin Bruce Lockhart, Reilly: Ace of Spies; 1986, Hippocrene Books, ISBN 0-88029-072-2.
  7. ^ Andrew Cook, Ace of Spies: The True Story of Sidney Reilly, 2004, Tempus Publishing, ISBN 0-7524-2959-0. Page 39.
  • Showalter, Elaine. A literature of their own: from Charlotte Brontë to Doris Lessing. Princeton University Press, 1977, ISBN 978-0-8606-8285-1.
  • An article in the Princeton University Library Chronicle, Vol XXVIII Autumn 1966 

艾捷尔·丽莲·伏尼契(Ethel Lilian Voynich 1864-1960)1864年生于爱尔兰科克 市。原姓蒲尔,父亲乔治.蒲尔是个数学家。她早年丧父,随母由爱尔兰迁居伦敦。

  1882年,她得到亲友的一笔遗赠,只身前往德国求学;1885年毕业于柏林音乐学院; 其间还曾在柏林大学听讲斯拉夫学课程。1887年蒲尔学成归国,在伦敦结识了在此的各 国者。其中民粹派作家克拉甫钦斯基(笔名为斯吉普涅雅克)对她影响最大。在他的鼓 励下,她曾前往旅游了两年,和彼得堡的团体有过联系。

  1892年,她和一个受过她帮助、后来从流放地逃到伦敦的波兰者米哈依.伏尼契结 婚。夫妇一起积极参与者的活动。伏尼契担任了者办的《自由俄罗斯》杂志的编辑, 她还出版了《俄罗斯幽默文集》,其中翻译介绍了果戈理和亚.尼.奥斯特罗夫斯基的作品。伏 尼契还结识了普列汉诺夫、札苏里奇,并曾到恩格斯家里作客。

  1897年,伏尼契的著名小说《牛虻》出版。苏联作家尼.阿.奥斯特洛夫斯基在他的小 说《钢铁是怎样炼成的》中,曾对牛虻有过高度评价。在六七十年代的中国大陆,牛虻这个人物 曾影响了许多当时的青年。

  伏尼契还创作了其他一些作品。其中有小说《杰克.雷蒙》(1901),带有自传性质的小说 《奥利芙.雷瑟姆》(1904),叙述“牛虻”离家出走后13年的经历的小说《中断了的友谊》 (1910)。

  伏尼契晚年迁居美国纽约,苏联文学界人士曾到她纽约的寓所访问,并为她放映根据小说 《牛虻》改编的电影。1960年7月27日伏尼契在纽约寓所去世。


Aijieerli Lin Voynich (Ethel Lilian Voynich 1864-1960) 1864 was born in Cork City. Pu Er original family name, his father George. Pu Er is a mathematician. Her early death of his father, their mother moved to London from Ireland.
In 1882, a legacy of her relatives and friends and go alone to Germany to study; 1885, graduated from the Berlin Academy of Music; the meantime had also lecture at the Berlin University Slavic Studies courses. 1887, Pu Er studies abroad, met in London who in this countries. One carat Fu Cinschi populist writer (pen name for the Sijipunie Jacques) the greatest impact on her. Under his encouragement, she had to travel for two years, and St. Petersburg groups had contact.
In 1892, she and a trained her to help, and later fled to exile in London from Poland were Mikhail. Voynich marriage. Couple together active participants in activities. Voynich as a person to do the "Free Russia" magazine editor, she also published "Russian humor Collected Works", which translated introduced Gogol and sub. Nepal. Ostrovsky work. Voynich also met Plekhanov, Zhasuliqi, and went to the guest house and Engels.
In 1897, the famous Voynich novel "Gadfly" was published. Soviet writer Nepal. A. Ostrovsky in his novel "How the Steel Was Tempered" in, had had a highly Gadfly. In the sixties and seventies of the Chinese mainland, gadfly has affected many in this figure were young people.
Voynich also created a number of other works. Including novels, "Jack. Raymond" (1901), with the autobiographical novel "Olive. Wretham" (1904), described "gadfly," running away from home 13 years after the novel experience, "interrupted friendship "(1910).
Voynich later years moved to New York, the Soviet literary people had access to her apartment in New York, and her show under the novel "gadfly," a film adaptation. July 27, 1960 Voynich died in New York apartment.
    

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