| Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie | |||||
| yà lì shān dà · zhòng mǎ | |||||
yuèdòudà zhòng mǎ Alexandre Dumas pèrezài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!! | |||||
大仲马亚历山大·仲马（法语：Alexandre Dumas，发音：[a.lɛk.sɑ̃dʁ dy.ma], 原名Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, [dy.ma da.vi‿d.la pa.jə.tʁi]，1802年7月24日－1870年12月5日），19世纪法国浪漫主义文豪，世界文学名著《基督山伯爵》的作者。
大仲马自学成才，主要以小说和剧作著称于世，最著名的作品除了《基督山伯爵》之外，还包括《三剑客》、《二十年后》和《布拉热洛纳子爵》，即达尔达尼央浪漫三部曲。他一生创作甚多，著有150多部小说，90多个剧本等，其实大多数是他为了还债，聘用其他文人所写，挂名“大仲马著”以便行销，因此被攻击为“小说制造工厂的厂长”。[需要更好来源]
“仲马”的译名，是清末翻译家林纾依福州话的语音所译。其子“小仲马”也是法国著名文学家，为区分两人，遂称其子为小仲马，称之为大仲马（法语：Dumas, père）。
法国大爆发后，亚历山大·仲马屡建奇功，当上共和政府将军。大仲马终生信守共和政见，一贯反对君主，憎恨复辟王朝，不满七月王朝，反对第二帝国。他饱尝种族歧视，心中受到创伤。家庭出身和经历使大仲马形成了反对不平、追求正义的叛逆性格。
大仲马自学成才，一生写的各种类型作品达300卷之多，主要以小说和剧作著称于世。大仲马的剧本《享利第三及其宫廷》（1829）比雨果的《欧那尼》还早问世一年。这出浪漫主义戏剧，完全破除了古典主义“三一律”。
大仲马小说多达百部，大都以真实的历史作背景，以主人公的奇遇为内容，情节曲折生动，处处出人意外，堪称历史惊险小说。异乎寻常的理想英雄，急剧发展的故事情节，紧张的打斗动作，清晰明朗的完整结构，生动有力的语言，灵活机智的对话等构成了大仲马小说的特色。最著名的是《三个火枪手》，又译《三剑客》、《山伯爵》。
Alexandre Dumas (UK: /ˈdjuːmɑː, dʊˈmɑː/, US: /duːˈmɑː/; French: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ dymɑ]; born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie [dymɑ davi də la pajət(ə)ʁi]; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas père (where père is French for 'father', thus 'the elder/senior'), was a French writer. His works have been translated into many languages, and he is one of the most widely read French authors. Many of his historical novels of high adventure were originally published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. His novels have been adapted since the early twentieth century into nearly 200 films.
Prolific in several genres, Dumas began his career by writing plays, which were successfully produced from the first. He also wrote numerous magazine articles and travel books; his published works totalled 100,000 pages. In the 1840s, Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris.
His father, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, was born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman, and Marie-Cessette Dumas, an enslaved woman of African descent. At age 14, Thomas-Alexandre was taken by his father to France, where he was educated in a military academy and entered the military for what became an illustrious career.
Dumas's father's aristocratic rank helped young Alexandre acquire work with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, then as a writer, a career which led to early success. Decades later, after the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1851, Dumas fell from favour and left France for Belgium, where he stayed for several years, then moved to Russia for a few years before going to Italy. In 1861, he founded and published the newspaper L'Indépendent, which supported Italian unification, before returning to Paris in 1864.
Though married, in the tradition of Frenchmen of higher social class, Dumas had numerous affairs (allegedly as many as 40). He was known to have had at least four illegitimate children, although twentieth-century scholars believe it was seven. He acknowledged and assisted his son, Alexandre Dumas, to become a successful novelist and playwright. They are known as Alexandre Dumas père ('father') and Alexandre Dumas fils ('son'). Among his affairs, in 1866, Dumas had one with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American actress then less than half his age and at the height of her career.
The English playwright Watts Phillips, who knew Dumas in his later life, described him as "the most generous, large-hearted being in the world. He also was the most delightfully amusing and egotistical creature on the face of the earth. His tongue was like a windmill – once set in motion, you never knew when he would stop, especially if the theme was himself."