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丹尼尔.笛福,Daniel Defoe,1660 --1731,英国作家。生于伦敦。父亲经营屠宰业。笛福只受过中等教育,信奉不属于英国国教的长老会教派。二十多岁时,笛福已是伦敦一个体面的商人,经营过内衣、烟酒业等等,到过欧洲大陆。1692年经商破产,不得不以其他方式谋生。他给政府当过情报员,设计过开发事业。他还从事写作,早年以写政论文和讽刺诗著称,反对封建,主张发展资本主义工商业。1698年他发表了《论开发》,建议修筑公路,开办银行,征收所得税,举办水火保险,设立疯人院,创办女学等。1702年他在政论文《消灭不同教派的捷径》中用反语讽刺政府的宗教歧视政策,由于文笔巧妙,开始未被识破,发觉后被捕入狱6个月,并受枷刑示众。他受枷刑时散发了他的长诗《枷刑颂》,讽刺法律的不公,围观的伦敦市民把他奉为英雄。1704年至1713年,他为哈利主办《评论》杂志,制造,搜集情报。1719年笛福发表了他的第一部小说《鲁滨孙飘流记》,大受读者欢迎。接着出版了《鲁滨孙飘流续记》。1720年他又写了《鲁滨孙的沉思集》。此后还相继发表了《辛格尔顿船长》(1720)、《摩尔·费兰德斯》(1722)、《杰克上校》(1722)和《罗克萨娜》(1724)等长篇小说以及《彼得大帝》(1723)等传记。
Daniel Defoe (/dɪˈfoʊ/; c. 1660 – 24 April 1731), born Daniel Foe, was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer and spy. He is most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, which is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its number of translations. He has been seen as one of the earliest proponents of the English novel, and helped to popularise the form in Britain with others such as Aphra Behn and Samuel Richardson. Defoe wrote many political tracts and was often in trouble with the authorities, and spent a period in prison. Intellectuals and political leaders paid attention to his fresh ideas and sometimes consulted with him.
Defoe was a prolific and versatile writer, producing more than three hundred works—books, pamphlets, and journals—on diverse topics, including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology, and the supernatural. He was also a pioneer of business journalism and economic journalism.