| xìng： | zhào | ||||
| míng： | zhèn kāi | ||||
| jíguàn： | zhè jiāng hú zhōu | ||||
| chūshēngdì： | běi jīng | ||||
yuèdòuběi dǎo Bei Daozài诗海dezuòpǐn!!! | |||||
北岛北岛（1949年8月2日－），原名赵振开，中国当代诗人，为朦胧诗的代表人物之一。他用北岛这个笔名是因为他来自北方，而且偏爱孤独。他先后获瑞典笔会图霍尔斯基奖、美国西部笔会中心自由写作奖、古根海姆奖学金、金花环奖等多个奖项，并被选为美国艺术文学院终身荣誉院士。之前曾担任香港中文大学东亚研究中心人文学科讲座教授，现为中大文学院荣誉教授。
生平
早年
北岛祖籍浙江湖州，1949年生于当时的北平（现北京）。在少年时期，他是一名红卫兵。他对文化大革命有疑虑，在1969年到1980作为一名工人接受了“再教育”。他毕业于北京四中。1969年当建筑工人，后作过翻译，并短期在《新观察》杂志作过编辑。1970年开始写作，1978年与芒克等人创办《今天》杂志。
本名赵振开，祖籍浙江湖州，1949生于北京。1969年当建筑工人，后在某公司工作。1978年同诗人芒克创办民间诗歌刊物《今天》。1990年旅居美国，现任教于加利福尼亚州戴维斯大学。曾获得诺贝尔文学奖提名。北岛的诗歌创作开始于十年动乱后期，反映了从迷惘到觉醒的一代青年的心声，十年动乱的荒诞现实，造成了诗人独特的“冷抒情”的方式——出奇的冷静和深刻的思辨性,开导了中国“朦胧派”之先河。他在冷静的观察中，发现了“那从蝇眼中分裂的世界”如何造成人的价值的全面崩溃、人性的扭曲和异化。他想“通过作品建立一个自己的世界，这是一个真诚而独特的世界，正直的世界，正义和人性的世界。”在这个世界中，北岛建立了自己的“理性法庭”，以理性和人性为准绳，重新确定人的价值，恢复人的本性；悼念烈士，审判刽子手；嘲讽怪异和异化的世界，反思历史和现实；呼唤人性的富贵，寻找“生命的湖”和“红帆船”。
清醒的思辨与直觉思维产生的隐喻、象征意象相结合，是北岛诗显著的艺术特征，具有高度概括力的悖论式警句，造成了北岛诗独有的振聋发聩的艺术力量。他的诗刺穿了乌托邦的虚伪，呈现出了世界的本来面目。一句"我不相信"的呐喊，震醒了茫茫黑夜酣睡的人们。
他诗歌的时空局限性也是非常明显：过分西化和朦胧化，而缺乏中国古典诗词之根基与意韵。
著有诗集《太阳城札记》、《北岛诗选》、《北岛顾城诗选》等 。
As a teenager, Bei Dao was a member of the Red Guards, the enthusiastic followers of Mao Zedong who enforced the dictates of the Cultural Revolution, often through violent means. He had misgivings about the Revolution and was "re-educated" as a construction worker the next eleven years.
Bei Dao and Mang Ke founded the magazine Jintian ("Today"), the central publication of the Misty Poets which was published from 1978 until 1980, when it was banned. The work of the Misty Poets and Bei Dao in particular were an inspiration to pro-democracy movements in China. Most notable was his poem "Huida" ("The Answer") which was written during the 1976 Tiananmen demonstrations in which he participated. The poem was taken up as a defiant anthem of the pro-democracy movement and appeared on posters during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. During the 1989 protests and subsequent shootings, Bei Dao was at a literary conference in Berlin and was not allowed to return to China. (Three other leading Misty Poets, Gu Cheng, Duo Duo, and Yang Lian, were also exiled). His then wife, Shao Fei, and their daughter were not allowed to leave China to join him for another six years.
Since 1987, Bei Dao has lived and taught in England, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, France, and the United States. His work has been translated into twenty-five languages, including five poetry volumes in English along with the collection of stories Waves (1990) and the essay collections Blue House (2000) and Midnight's Gate (2005). Bei Dao continued his work in exile.
He has won numerous awards, including Tucholsky Prize from Swedish PEN, International Poetry Argana Award from the House of Poetry in Morocco and the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Jintian was resurrected in Stockholm in 1990 as a forum for expatriate Chinese writers. He has taught and lectured at a number of schools, most recently the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, as well as the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa and Beloit College in Wisconsin. He has been repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Works
Poetry
The August Sleepwalker Trans. Bonnie S. McDougall (New Directions, 1990)
Old Snow Trans. Bonnie S. McDougall & Chen Maiping (New Directions, 1991)
Forms of Distance. Trans. David Hinton (New Directions, 1994) ISBN 0-8112-1266-1
Landscape Over Zero. Trans. David Hinton & Yanbing Chen (1996)
Unlock. Trans. Eliot Weinberger & Iona Man-Cheong (New Directions, 2000) ISBN 0-8112-1447-8
At the Sky's Edge: Poems 1991-1996. (New Directions, 2001) ISBN 0-8112-1495-8
Midnight's Gate. Trans. Matthew Fryslie, ed. Christopher Mattison (New Directions, 2005) ISBN 0-8112-1584-9
Short stories
Waves. Trans. Bonnie S. McDougall & Susette Ternent Cooke (New Directions, 1990)
Notes
^ In 2006 Bei Dao was allowed to live and work in China once more
^ Unlock (2000), Landscape Over Zero (1996), Forms of Distance (1994), Old Snow(1992), The August Sleepwalker (1990)
All-translated by Donald Finkel and Xueliang Chen