nèn zuòzhělièbiǎo
lún Kahlil Gibran
lún Kahlil Gibran
nèn  (1883nián1931nián)

shīcíshī xuǎn anthology》   

yuèdòu lún Kahlil Gibranzài诗海dezuòpǐn!!!
纪伯伦
   · · lún( KahlilGibran)( 1883 1931), nèn shī rénsǎnwén zuò jiāhuà jiābèi chēng wéi shù tiān cái 、“ nèn wén tán jiāo ”, shì ā xiàn dài xiǎo shuō shù sǎnwén de zhù yào diàn rén, 20 shì ā xīn wén xué dào de kāi tuò zhě zhī shēng nèn běi shān xiāng shè 。 12 suì shí suí měi guó shì dùnliǎng nián hòu huí dào guójìn bèi ruì zhì)” xué xiào xué ā wén wén huì huàxué jiāncéng chuàng bànzhēn zhìtài jìn。 1908 nián biǎo xiǎo shuōpàn de líng hún》, dāng zuò pǐn zāo dào chá jìn fén huǐběn rén bèi zhúzài qián wǎng měi guóhòu guózài shù xué yuàn xué huì huà diāo céng dào shù shī luó dān de jiǎng 。 1911 nián chóngfǎn shì dùn nián qiān wǎng niǔ yuē cháng zhùcóng shì wén xué shù chuàng zuò huó dòngzhí zhì shì shìzhù yòu sǎnwén shī lèi xiào》《 xiān zhī》《 shā děng lún shì nèn de wén tán jiāo zuò wéi zhé shī rén jié chū de huà jiā tài 'ěr yàng dōushì jìn dài dōng fāng wén xué zǒu xiàng shì jiè de xiān bìng chēng wéizhàn zài dōng fāng wén huà qiáo liáng shàng de rén”。 tóng shí wéi zhōng jiān dài biǎo xíng chéng de ā wén xué liú pài héng héng měi pài ā qiáo mín wén xué”) céng jīng quán qiú wén míng
  
   lún qīng nián shí dài chuàng zuò xiǎo shuō wéi zhùdìng měi guó hòu zhú jiàn zhuǎn wéi xiě sǎnwén shī wéi zhù de xiǎo shuō jīhū yòng ā wén xiě chéngyòu duǎn piān xiǎo shuō cǎo yuán xīn niàn》( 1905)、《 pàn de líng hún cháng piān xiǎo shuōzhé duàn de chì bǎng》( 1911) děng。《 zhé duàn de chì bǎngxiě dōng fāng de bēi cǎn mìng yùn men mìng yùn de dǒuqiǎn tān lán zhà cóng sòng zūn zhì liàng de xiǎo shuō zhù rén gōng chōng mǎn zhé xué wèi de báiduì huà shù bié shì bèi bèi sǔn hài zhě chōng mǎn qíng de qīng shèng yòng ā wén biǎo de zuò pǐn hái yòu sǎnwényīnyuè duǎn zhāng》( 1905), sǎnwén shī lèi xiào》( 1913)、《 bào fēng 》( 1920), shī hángliè shèng 》( 1918), zhēn wén tán》( 1923)、《 líng hún 》( 1927) děng yòng yīng wén xiě de zuò pǐn shì sǎnwén fēng rén》( 1918)。 hòu biǎo sǎnwén shī xiān zhě》( 1920)、《 xiān zhī》( 1923)《 shā 》( 1926)、《 rén zhī 》( 1928)、《 xiān zhī yuán》( 1931)、《 liú làng zhěděng shī zhū shén》、《 de qíng rénděng。《 xiān zhībèi rèn wéi shì de dài biǎo zuòzuò zhě zhì zhě lín bié zèng yán de fāng shìlùn shù 'ài měishēng hūn yīn jiā tíngláo zuò 'ān yóu zhì qíngshàn 'è zōng jiào děng liè rén shēng shè huì wèn chōng mǎn zhé yòu dōng fāng cǎi lún bìng huì chōng mǎn làng màn qíng diào shēn de chā
  
   lún rèn wéi shī rén de zhí shì chàng chū qīn xīn de ”。 de zuò pǐn duō àiměiwéi zhù tōng guò dǎn de xiǎng xiàng xiàng zhēng de shǒu biǎo shēn chén de gǎn qíng gāo yuǎn de xiǎng de xiǎng shòu cǎi zhé xué yǐng xiǎng jiào de zuò pǐn cháng cháng liú chū fèn shì de tài huò biǎo xiàn mǒu zhǒng shén de liàng shì ā jìn dài wén xué shǐ shàng shǐ yòng sǎnwén shī de zuò jiābìng zhì lǐng dǎo guò ā zhù míng de hǎi wài wén xué tuán huì”, wéi zhǎn ā xīn wén xué zuò chū guò zhòng gòng xiàn de zuò pǐn chéng shì jiè duō zhǒng wén shòu dào guó zhě de huān yíng de zuò pǐn zuì xiān jiè shào dào zhōng guó lái de shìxiān zhī》( bīng xīn , 1931)。 cóng 50 nián dài de zuò pǐn zhú jiàn wéi zhōng guó zhě suǒ liǎo jiě
  
   zài duǎn zàn 'ér huī huáng de shēng mìng zhī zhōng lún bǎo jīng diān pèi liú tòng shī qīn rénài qíng zhézhài chán shēn bìng jiān 'áo zhī chū shēng zài nèn běi shān de nóng jiā xiāng de qún shān xiù měi fēng guāng shù de líng gǎn。 12 suì shíyīn kān rěn shòu 'ào màn guó de cán bào tǒng zhì suí qīn měi guózài shì dùn táng rén jiē guò zhe qīng pín de shēng huó。 1898 nián, 15 suì de lún zhǐ shēn fǎn huí guó xué mín shǐ wén huàliǎo jiě ā shè huì。 1902 nián fǎn měi hòu jǐn nián duō de shí jiānbìng xiān hòu duó liǎo qīn děng sān wèi qīn rén xiě wén mài huà wéi shēng wéi rén jiǎn cái féng de mèi mèi zhēngzhá zài jīn yuán guó de céng。 1908 nián yòu xìng dào yǒu rén de zhù xué huàbìng dào luó dān děng shù shī de qīn shòu zhǐ diǎn。 1911 nián zài fǎn měi hòu cháng niǔ yuēcóng shì wén xué huì huà chuàng zuòbìng lǐng dǎo ā qiáo mín wén huà cháo liúdāng gǎn dào shén jiāng línjué xīn ràng de shēng mìng zhī huǒ rán shāo gèng jiā guāng yàosuì bìng tòngzhōng 'ànzhí dào 48 suì yīng nián zǎo shì
   lún shì wèi 'ài guó 'ài quán rén lèi de shù jiāzài shēng mìng de zuì hòu suì yuè xiě xià liǎo chuán biàn ā shì jiè de shī piānméng lóng zhōng de guó》, 'ōu shēng liàn de guó:“ nín zài men de líng hún zhōng héng héng shì huǒshì guāngnín zài de xiōng táng héng héng shì dòng de xīn zàng。” ài měi shì lún zuò pǐn de zhù xuán céng shuō:“ zhěng qiú dōushì de guóquán rén lèi dōushì de xiāng qīn。” fǎn duì mèi chén 'ài yóuchóng shàng zhèng gǎn xiàng bào nüè de quán wěi de shèng xuān zhàn bèi zuòfēng rén”, hūyù mái zàng qiē suí shí dài qián jìn dehuó shī”; fǎn duì bìng shēn yínkuā kuā tánzhù zhāng xuèxiě chū rén mín de xīn shēng
   wén xué huì huà shì shù shēng mìng shuāng lún de qián chuàng zuò xiǎo shuō wéi zhùhòu chuàng zuò sǎnwén shī wéi zhù wài hái yòu shī shī wén xué píng lùnshū xìn děng。《 xiān zhīshì lún shì jiè wén tán de dǐng fēng zhī zuòcéng bèi chéng 'èr shí duō zhǒng wén zài shì jiè chū bǎn
   lún de huà fēng hèshī fēng yàng shòu yīng guó shī rén wēi lián lāi ( 1757 héng 1827) de yǐng xiǎngsuǒ wén tán chēng wéi“ 20 shì de lāi ”。 1908 nián héng 1910 zài shù xué yuàn xué huì huà shù jiānluó dān céng kěn dìng 'ér xìn píng jià lún:“ zhè ā qīng nián jiāng chéng wéi wěi de shù jiā。” lún de huì huà yòu nóng zhòng de làng màn zhù xiàng zhēng zhù cǎizài niàn guǎn shōu cáng
   zài dōng fāng wén xué shǐ shàng lún de shù fēng shù zhì de zuò pǐn yòu xìng kǎo de yán lěng jùnyòu yòu yǒng tàn diào shì de làng màn shū qíng shàn zài píng zhōng jué juàn yǒngzài měi miào de zhōng shì shēn de zhé lìng fāng miàn lún fēng hái jiàn zhū yòu xìng de yán shì néng yòng ā wén yīng wén xiě zuò de shuāng zuò jiāér qiě měi zhǒng yán yùn yòng qīng liú chàng zuò pǐn de yán fēng zhēng liǎo dài yòu dài de dōng fāng zhěměi guó rén céng chēng lúnxiàng cóng dōng fāng chuī lái héng sǎo fāng de fēng bào”, ér dài yòu qiáng liè dōng fāng shí de zuò pǐn bèi shì wéidōng fāng zèng gěi fāng de zuì hǎo ”。
   zǎo zài 1923 nián lún de piān sǎnwén shī jiù xiān yóu máo dùn xiān shēng jiè shào dào zhōng guó。 1931 bīng xīn shì fān liǎoxiān zhī》, wéi zhōng guó zhě jìn liǎo jiě lún kāi kuò liǎo wén xué de chuāng fēijìn shí duō nián lái guó yòu chū bǎn liǎo xiē lún zuò pǐnzhè wèi nèn wén tán jiāo zài zhōng guó yòu yuè lái yuè duō de zhī yīn
  
   píng jià
   shì wèi 'ài guó 'ài quán rén lèi de shù jiāzài shīméng lóng zhōng de guózhōngōu shēng liàn de guó:“ nín zài men de líng hún zhōng héng héng shì huǒshì guāngnín zài de xiōng táng héng héng shì dòng de xīn zàng。” céng shuō:“ zhěng qiú dōushì de guóquán rén lèi dōushì de xiāng qīn。”
   ài měi shì lún zuò pǐn de zhù xuán wén xué huì huà shì shù shēng mìng de shuāng
   de zuò pǐn yòu xìng kǎo de yán lěng jùnyòu yòu yǒng tàn diào shì de làng màn shū qíng shàn zài píng zhōng jué juàn yǒngzài měi miào de zhōng shì shēn de zhé qīng liú chàng de yán zhēng liǎo dài dài shì jiè zhě
  
   zhù zuò
   duǎn piān xiǎo shuō cǎo yuán xīn niàn》《 pàn de líng hún
   cháng piān xiǎo shuōzhé duàn de chì bǎng
   sǎnwényīnyuè duǎn zhāng
   sǎnwén shī lèi xiào》《 bào fēng 》《 xiān zhě》《 xiān zhī》( bèi rèn wéi shì de dài biǎo zuò)《 shā 》《 rén zhī 》《 xiān zhī yuán》《 liú làng zhě
   shī hángliè shèng
  《 zhēn wén tán》《 líng hún
   sǎnwén fēng rén
   shī zhū shén》《 de qíng rén
  
   guǒ nín rèn wéi běn tiáo hái yòu dài wán shàn yào chōng xīn nèi róng huò xiū gǎi cuò nèi róngqǐng biān ji tiáo
   cān kǎo liào
  1. ā huà tán zhàn yòu de wèi shēng chuàng zuò liǎo yuē bǎi huì huà jīng pǐn zhōng de fēn bèi měi guó shù guǎn nèn lún
  2.《 yīnyuè》《 wàn 》《 hǎn》《 》《 lāi 》《 xiān zhī》《 chuán de dào lái》《 lùn 'ài》《 lùn hūn yīn》《 lùn hái 》《 lùn shīshě》《 lùn yǐn shí》《 lùn láo zuò》《 lùn bēi huānjūn wéi lún de fēn zuò pǐn


  Kahlil Gibran (full name Gibran Khalil Gibran bin Mikhael bin Saâd, Arabic: جبران خليل جبران بن ميخائيل بن سعد, Syriac: ܟ݂ܠܝܠ ܔܒܪܢ) (born January 6, 1883 in Bsharri, Lebanon; died April 10, 1931 in New York City, United States) was a Lebanese American artist, poet, writer, philosopher and theologian. He was born in Lebanon (at the time the Mount Lebanon sub-district in the Ottoman province of Syria) and spent most of his life in the United States. He is the third bestselling poet in history after William Shakespeare and Lao Tse.[1]
  
  In Lebanon
  Gibran was born in the Christian Maronite town of Bsharri in today's northern Lebanon - at the time, part of the Ottoman Empire. He grew up in the region of Bsharri. His maternal grandfather was a Maronite Catholic priest[2]. His mother Kamila was thirty when Gibran was born; his father, also named Khalil, was her third husband.[3] As a result of his family's poverty, Gibran did not receive any formal schooling during his youth in Lebanon. However, priests visited him regularly and taught him about the Bible, as well as the Syriac and Arabic languages.
  
  After Gibran's father, a tax collector, went to prison for alleged embezzlement,[1] Ottoman authorities confiscated his family's property. Authorities released Gibran's father in 1894, but the family had by then lost their home. Gibran's mother decided to follow her brother, Gibran's uncle, and emigrated to the United States. Gibran's father remained in Lebanon. Gibran's mother, along with Khalil, his younger sisters Mariana and Sultana, and his half-brother Peter left for New York on June 25, 1895.
  
  
  In the United States
  
  Khalil Gibran, Photograph by Fred Holland Day, c. 1898The Gibrans settled in Boston's South End, at the time the second largest Lebanese-American community in the United States. His mother began working as a pack peddler, selling lace and linens that she carried from door to door. Gibran started school on September 30, 1895. He had had no formal schooling in Lebanon, and school officials placed him in a special class for immigrants to learn English. Gibran's English teacher suggested that he Anglicise the spelling of his name in order to make it more acceptable to American society. Kahlil Gibran was the result.
  
  Gibran also enrolled in an art school at a nearby settlement house. Through his teachers there, he was introduced to the avant-garde Boston artist, photographer, and publisher Fred Holland Day,[1] who encouraged and supported Gibran in his creative endeavors. A publisher used some of Gibran's drawings for book covers in 1898.
  
  At 15, Gibran went back to Lebanon to study at a Maronite-run preparatory school and higher-education institute in Beirut. He started a student literary magazine with a classmate, and was elected "college poet". He stayed there for several years before returning to Boston in 1902. Two weeks before he got back, his sister, Sultana, age 14, died of tuberculosis. The next year, his brother Bhutros died of the same disease, and his mother died of cancer. His sister Marianna then supported Gibran and herself, working at a dressmaker's shop.[1]
  
  
  Art and poetry
  Gibran held his first art exhibition, of drawings, in 1904 in Boston, at Day's studio.[1] During this exhibition, Gibran met Mary Elizabeth Haskell, a respected headmistress ten years his senior. The two formed an important friendship that lasted the rest of Gibran's life. Though publicly discreet, their correspondence reveals an exalted intimacy. Haskell influenced not only Gibran's personal life, but also his career. In 1908, Gibran went to study art with Auguste Rodin in Paris for two years. This is where he met his art study partner and lifelong friend Youssef Howayek. He later studied art in Boston.
  
  While most of Gibran's early writings were in Arabic, most of his work published after 1918 was in English. His first book for the publishing company Alfred Knopf, in 1918, was The Madman, a slim volume of aphorisms and parables written in biblical cadence somewhere between poetry and prose. Gibran also took part in the New York Pen League, also known as the "immigrant poets" (al-mahjar), alongside important Lebanese American authors such as Ameen Rihani ("the father of Lebanese American literature"), Elia Abu Madi and Mikhail Naimy, a close friend and distinguished master of Arabic literature, whose descendants Gibran declared to be his own children, and whose nephew, Samir, is a godson of Gibran.
  
  Much of Gibran's writings deal with Christianity, especially on the topic of spiritual love. His poetry is notable for its use of formal language, as well as insights on topics of life using spiritual terms. Gibran's best-known work is The Prophet, a book composed of 26 poetic essays. This, the author's magnum opus, became especially popular during the 1960s with the American counterculture and New Age movements. Since it was first published in 1923, The Prophet has never been out of print and remains world-renowned to this day. Having been translated into more than 20 languages, it was the bestselling book of the twentieth century in the United States, second only to the Bible.
  
  One of his most notable lines of poetry in the English speaking world is from 'Sand and Foam' (1926), which reads: 'Half of what I say is meaningless, but I say it so that the other half may reach you'. This was taken by John Lennon and placed, though in a slightly altered form, into the song Julia from The Beatles' 1968 album The Beatles (a.k.a. The White Album).
  
  Juliet Thompson, one of Khalil Gibran's acquaintances, said that Gibran told her that he thought of `Abdu'l-Bahá, the leader of the Bahá'í Faith in his lifetime, all the way through writing The Prophet. `Abdu'l-Bahá's personage also influenced Jesus, The Son of Man, another book by Gibran. It is certain that Gibran did two portraits of him during this period.[4]
  
  
  Political Thought
  Gibran was a prominent Syrian nationalist. In a political statement he drafted in 1911,[5] he expresses his loyality to Greater Syria and to the safeguarding of Syria's national territorial integrity. He also calls for the adoption of Arabic as a national language of Syria and the application of Arabic at all school levels.
  
  When the Ottomans were finally driven out of Syria during the first world war, Gibran's exhilaration was manifested in a sketch called "Free Syria" which appeared on the front page of al-Sa'ih's special "victory" edition. Moreover, in a draft of a play, still kept among his papers, Gibran expressed great hope for national independence and progress. This play, according to Kahlil Hawi,[6] "defines Gibran's belief in Syrian nationalism with great clarity, distinguishing it from both Lebanese and Arab nationalism, and showing us that nationalism lived in his mind, even at this late stage, side by side with internationalism."[7]
  
  
  Death and legacy
  
  Khalil Gibran memorial in Washington, D.C.
  The Gibran Museum and Gibran's final resting place, located in Bsharri, LebanonGibran died in New York City on April 10, 1931: the cause was determined to be cirrhosis of the liver and tuberculosis. Before his death, Gibran expressed the wish that he be buried in Lebanon. This wish was fulfilled in 1932, when Mary Haskell and his sister Mariana purchased the Mar Sarkis Monastery in Lebanon.
  
  Gibran willed the contents of his studio to Mary Haskell. There she discovered her letters to him spanning 23 years. She initially agreed to burn them because of their intimacy, but recognizing their historical value she saved them. She gave them, along with his letters to her which she had also saved, to the University of North Carolina Library before she died in 1964. Excerpts of the over six hundred letters were published in "Beloved Prophet" in 1972.
  
  Mary Haskell Minis (she wed Jacob Florance Minis after moving to Savannah, Georgia in 1923) donated her personal collection of nearly one hundred original works of art by Gibran to the Telfair Museum of Art in Savannah in 1950. Haskell had been thinking of placing her collection at the Telfair as early as 1914. In a letter to Gibran, she explained, "...I am thinking of other museums...the unique little Telfair Gallery in Savannah, Ga., that Gari Melchers chooses pictures for. There when I was a visiting child, form burst upon my astonished little soul." Haskell's extraordinary gift to the Telfair is the largest public collection of Kahlil Gibran’s visual art in the country, consisting of five oils and numerous works on paper rendered in the artist’s lyrical style, which reflects the influence of symbolism. The future American royalties to his books were willed to his hometown of Bsharri, to be "used for good causes", however, this led to years of controversy and violence over the distribution of the money[8]; eventually, the Lebanese government became the overseer.
  
  In Arabic:
  
  Nubthah fi Fan Al-Musiqa (1905)
  Ara'is al-Muruj (Nymphs of the Valley, also translated as Spirit Brides, 1906)
  al-Arwah al-Mutamarrida (Spirits Rebellious, 1908)
  al-Ajniha al-Mutakassira (Broken Wings, 1912)
  Dam'a wa Ibtisama (A Tear and A Smile, 1914)
  al-Mawakib (The Processions, 1919)
  al-‘Awāsif (The Tempests, 1920)
  al-Bada'i' waal-Tara'if (The New and the Marvellous,1923)
  In English, prior to his death:
  
  The Madman (1918) (downloadable free version)
  Twenty Drawings (1919)
  The Forerunner (1920)
  The Prophet, (1923)
  Sand and Foam (1926)
  Kingdom Of The Imagination (1927)
  Jesus, The Son of Man (1928)
  The Earth Gods (1931)
  Posthumous, in English:
  
  The Wanderer (1932)
  The Garden of the Prophet(1933)
  Lazarus and his Beloved (1933)
  Prose and Poems (1934)
  A Self-Portrait (1959)
  Thought and Meditations (1960)
  Spiritual sayings (1962)
  Voice of the master (1963)
  Mirrors of the Soul (1965)
  Death Of The Prophet (1979)
  The Vision (1994)
  Eye of the Prophet (1995)
  Other:
  
  Beloved Prophet, The love letters of Kahlil Gibran and Mary Haskell, and her private journal (1972, edited by Virginia Hilu)
  
  Memorials and honors
  Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden, Beirut, Lebanon
  Gibran Khalil Gibran Skiing Piste, The Cedars Ski Resort, Lebanon
  Kahlil Gibran Memorial Garden in Washington, D.C.[9], dedicated in 1990[10]
  Gibran Memorial Plaque in Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts
  Khalil Gibran International Academy, a public high school in Brooklyn, NY
  Khalil Gibran Park (Parcul Khalil Gibran) in Bucharest, Romania
  
  Mentions in popular culture
   Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. (May 2008)
  Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles.
  
  Movies
  The Prophet is seen in the Johnny Cash biopic Walk the Line when June Carter hands it to J.R to read in the motel.
  Music
  Jazz saxophonist Jackie McLean's "Kahlil the Prophet" is on his album Destination...Out! (1963) (Blue Note BLP 4165)
  Jason Mraz's song "God moves through you" on the album Selections For Friends features words from the poem "The Prophet"
  The lyrics to David Bowie's "The Width of a Circle", off his album The Man Who Sold the World (1970), relates a surrealist scene in which the narrator and his doppelgänger seek the help of a blackbird, who just "laughed insane and quipped 'Kahlil Gibran'".
  Michigan experimental screamo outfit Men As Trees quote Gibran in the liner notes to their 2008 album, Weltschmerz: "We wanderers, ever seeking the lonelier way, begin no day where we have ended another day; and no sunrise finds us where sunset has left us."
  Tyrannosaurus Rex's second album, Prophets, Seers & Sages – The Angels of the Ages, released in October 1968, was dedicated in Gibran's memory.
  Guitarist Derek Trucks named his son Charles Khalil Trucks for saxophonist Charlie Parker, guitarist Charlie Christian, and Khalil Gibran.
  His book The Prophet is mentioned in the Mad Season's song, "River of deceit". "My pain is self-chosen. At least, so The Prophet says".
  The Chicago-based metal band Minsk's second album The Ritual Fires of Abandonment's lyrics are inspired by Kahlil Gibran, who also is credited as an author of the lyrics in the CD booklet.
  Other
  In the popular video game Deus Ex, one of the three possible ending quotes is Gibran's quote: "Yesterday we obeyed kings and bent our necks before emperors. But today we kneel only to truth..." The western spelling of his name, Kahlil Gibran, was used to credit him.
  Khalil Gibran is referenced briefly in the episode Wingmen of the show The Boondocks. When Huey (the central character) is asked by his grandfather to say something "deep", he recites part of the poem "On Pain" from The Prophet.
  In the hit TV show "One Tree Hill", Lucas Scott (Chad Michael Murray) quotes Gibran.
  San Diego Padres shortstop Kahlil Greene was named after Gibran.
  
  References
  Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
  Khalil Gibran^ a b c d e Acocella, Joan. "Prophet Motive", The New Yorker, January 7, 2008
  ^ Jagadisan, S. "Called by Life", The Hindu, January 5, 2003, accessed July 11, 2007
  ^ "Khalil Gibran (1883-1931)", biography at Cornell University library on-line site, retrieved February 4, 2008
  ^ "Khalil Gibran and the Bahá'í Faith", excerpts from World Order, A Baha'i Magazine, Vol. 12, Number 4, Summer, 1978, pages 29-31
  ^ Hawi, Kahlil Gibran: His Background, Character and Works, 1972, p155
  ^ Hawi, Kahlil Gibran: His Background, Character and Works, 1972, p219
  ^ Gibran and the national idea
  ^ [1]
  ^ Gibran Memorial in Washington, DC
  ^ Elmaz Abinader, Children of Al-Mahjar: Arab American Literature Spans a Century", U.S. Society & Values, February 2000
    

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