qīng dài zuòzhělièbiǎo
jiǎng chūn lín Jiang Chunlin(qīng dài)zhū zūn Zhu Yizun(qīng dài)chén tíng jìng Chen Tingjing(qīng dài)
cāng yāng jiā cuò Tshangs-dbyangs-rgya-mtsho(qīng dài) Pu He(qīng dài)zhèng xiè Zheng Xie(qīng dài)
jīn nóng Jin Nong(qīng dài)yùn shòu píng Yun Shouping(qīng dài)wāng shì shèn Wang Shishen(qīng dài)
zhāng shòu Zhang Dashou(qīng dài)níng tiáoyuán Ning Diaoyuan(qīng dài) Wu Qi(qīng dài)
fāng yīng Li Fangying(qīng dài) yuè nèi Yu Yuenazi(qīng dài) yuè Yu Yue(qīng dài)
sòng luò Song Luo(qīng dài) rán Lv Ran(qīng dài)cáo xuě qín Cao Xueqin(qīng dài)
lán xìng Na Lanxingde(qīng dài)qián qiān Qian Qianyi(qīng dài) wěi Wu Weiye(qīng dài)
yán Gu Yanwu(qīng dài) zhēnguàn Gu Zhenguan(qīng dài)chén wéi sōng Chen Weisong(qīng dài)
wáng shì zhēn Wang Shizhen(qīng dài)chá shèn xíng Cha Shenhang(qīng dài)yuán méi Yuan Mei(qīng dài)
huáng jǐng rén Huang Jingren(qīng dài)gōng zhēn Gong Zizhen(qīng dài)huáng zūn xiàn Huang Zunxian(qīng dài)
qiū jǐn Qiu Jin(qīng dài) wén huàn He Wenhuan(qīng dài)féng bān Feng Ban(qīng dài)
wáng zhī Wang Fuzhi(qīng dài)sūn tāo Sun Tao(qīng dài)guō lín Guo Lin(qīng dài)
yáng kuí shēng Yang Kuisheng(qīng dài)wàn tóng Mo Sitong(qīng dài) míng Yi Ming(qīng dài)
zhāng xué chéng Zhang Xuecheng(qīng dài)jiāng Jiang Yi(qīng dài)lín Lin Zexu(qīng dài)
tānɡ péng Shang Peng(qīng dài)zhào zhí xìn Zhao Zhixin(qīng dài)liáng zhāng Liang Zhangju(qīng dài)
huī She Hui(qīng dài) qìng chí Wu Qingchi(qīng dài)fāng jùn shī Fang Junshi(qīng dài)
chén péi zhī Chen Peizhi(qīng dài)wāng huī Wang Huizu(qīng dài)shěn xiáng lóng Shen Xianglong(qīng dài)
sūn yuán héng Sun Yuanheng(qīng dài)liú jiā móu Liu Gumou(qīng dài)wáng kǎi tài Wang Kaitai(qīng dài)
shěn qián Shen Deqian(qīng dài)wáng qīng Wang Yiqing(qīng dài)wāng sēn Wang Sen(qīng dài)
qián lóng Qian Long(qīng dài)sòng xiāng Song Xiang(qīng dài)hán fēng Han Feng(qīng dài)
yōng zhèng Yong Zheng
qīng dài  满族(1678niánshíèryuè13rì1735niánshíyuè8rì)
xìng: ài xīn jué luó
míng: yìn zhēn
wǎngbǐhào: qīng shì zōng
kāiduānzhōngjié
zàiwèi1722niánshíèryuè27rì1735nián
雍正1723nián1735nián

清世宗雍正
  qīng shì zōng 'ài xīn jué luó · yìn zhēngōng yuán 1678 nián héng gōng yuán 1735 nián), mǎn wéi kāng xiào gōng rén huáng hòu shì , qīng shèng xuán shì qīng cháo guān hòu sān wèi huáng , 1722 héng 1735 nián zài wèinián hào yōng zhèng hòu zàng qīng líng zhī tài língshì hào jìng tiān chāng yùn jiàn zhōng biǎo zhèng wén yīng míng kuān rén xìn ruì shèng xiào zhì chéng xiàn huáng miào hào shì zōng
  
   qīng shì zōng nián qīng shí gēn cóng dài yuán mèng děng xué jīng shǐyòu chán sēng jiē jìnshāo dǒng xuécéng suí shèng xún xìng jiāng náncháo tái shānqiū xiǎn ( jīn běi chéng ), bìng fèng mìng wǎng kǒng miàoshèng jīng ( jīn liáo níng shěn yáng ) língqīng shèng qīn zhēng 'ěr dāncóng zhēng zhǎng zhèng hóng yíngkāng niántóng huáng zhēng wéi chǔ jūnshèng jià bēng hòu zài shí sān huáng yìn xiáng de bāng zhù xià chéng wèiyòu chuán zài lóng duō de bāng zhù xià duó liǎo yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn de wèiyōng zhèng chéng wèi jiū jìng shì kāng qīn chuánhái shì cuàn gǎi zhào cuàn wèishì yòu zhēng de wèn shàng dìng lùn
  
   qīng shì zōng wèi shí shí suìjiā zhī qián de jīng shǐ jiào liǎo jiě shì qíngbìng yòu fēng de tǒng zhì jīng yàn wèi hòu zài zhèng zhì shàng cǎi duō zhǒng cuò shī gǒng de huáng wèishǒu xiān shì xiāo chú fēn huà jiě zhū huáng tuánjiāng yìn cóng běi jūn qián zhào huíjiā juàn jìnjìn fēng yìn wéi lián qīn wáng zǒng shì chénjiāng yìn táng wǎng qīng hǎi tōng ( jīn qīng hǎi tōng běi )。 jiàn qīng cháo méi yòu xíng zhī yòu xiào de chǔ zhì cháng yīn huáng wèi chéng quán chǎn shēng zhēng duānchuàng liǎo chǔ zhì yōng zhèng yuán nián (1723), jiē shòu shān xún nuò mín de jiàn shī xíng hào xiàn guī gōng yǎng lián yín de cuò shī xiàn zhìjiǎn shǎo guān yuán de tān zāng héng zhēng bào liǎnèr niányòu zhēn duì kāng nián kuī kōng qián liáng yán zhòngjué dìng yán qīng cháduì tān guān xíng chāo jiā zhuī zāngduì mín jiān tuō qiànmìng zài duǎn nèi fēn nián dài zhēngsān niánshì zōng zuò wēi zuò jié dǎng yíng zhī míng lìng yuǎn dàjiàng jūn nián gēng yáo jìntóng shí xuē lóng duō tài bǎohòu juàn jìn zhì bìng yīn zhū lián chū wāng jǐng zhēng suí àn chá tíng shì 'àn nián shēng céng jìng qiǎn zhāng dòng chuān shǎn zǒng yuè zhōng móu fǎn de tóu shū 'ànqiān lián dào xué jiā liú liángshì zōng suì xīng wén zuò wéi kòng zhì xiǎng zhèng gāo quán wēi de shǒu duàntóng niánwéi shì yìng běi yòng bīng zhī shǐ shè jūn fáng ( shí nián shí gǎi jūn chù ), xuǎn qīn zhòng chén xié bàn jūn jūn chén zhǐ néng shàn shù huáng mìng lìngběn shēn zàn huà quányīn 'ér shǐ huáng gèng jiā quán shēn hái zài běnzòu běn zhī wàimìng 'àn děng fāng yuán zhé zòu shì jiā qiáng huáng duì fāng xíng zhèng de kòng zhì
  
   zài jīng shàng cǎi liǎo xiē zhǐ zài zhǎn nóng shēng chǎn de cuò shīyōng zhèng 'èr niánkāi shǐ shí xíng zhí xún wéi jūn chū de tān dīng de zhì tóng shí xuān xiāo huàn xiàn zhì shēn jīn quánshǐ lùn pín dān jiào tóng shíwèile jiě jué rén kǒu zēngzhǎng suǒ liáng shí wèn gèng jiā yán zhí xíng chuán tǒng de zhòng nóng fāng zhēn kěn huāngqiáng diào liáng shí shēng chǎnfǎn duì zhòngzhí jīng zuò bìng fǎn duì kāi kuàng zhǎn shǒu gōng zhù xīng xiū shuǐ chú zhì huáng jiàn zhù zhè jiāng hǎi táng wàimìng qīn wáng yìn xiáng zài zhí kāi zhǎn yíng tián shuǐ zài níng xià xiū zhù shū jùn shuǐ tóng shíshí xíng shè huì gǎi yōng zhèng yuán niánxià lìng xiāochú shān shǎn yuèjíbìng mìng jiàn zhào bàn hòu lái zhè jiāng shào xīng duò mínān huī huī zhōubàn dāng”、 níng guó shì guǎng dōng dàn jiāng cháng shú gài xiāng kāi huò wéi liángcóng 'ér liǎo cán cún de zhì duì shè huì zhǎn liǎo zuò yòng
  
   shì zōng zài wèi jiān hái zhù tóng shǎo shù mín de guān wài jiāo guān yōng zhèng niángēn yún guì zǒng 'è 'ěr tài de jiàn guī tuī xíng gǎi guī liú zhèng xiāo yún nánguì zhōuguǎng nán chuān děng shěng de xiē jiā qiáng liǎo zhōng yāng duì gāi de tǒng zhì niánqīng tíng tóng 'é guó dìng liǎo lián tiáo yuēqià tiáo yuē》, zài huàdìng zhōng 'é biān jiè chǔlǐ liǎng guó tōng shāng wèn děng fāng miànwéi liǎo guó jiā zhù quán
  
   qīng shì zōng yuè guò de zòu zhé xuǎn fēn ji chéngzhū zhǐ》。 duì chén gōng de zhǐyóu zhāng tíng děng biān chéngshàng nèi 》、《 shàng 》。 de zhǒng cái de wén zhāng bèi hòu rén ji wéi zhì wén 》。 yōng zhèng shí sān niánshì zōng shì xiàn huáng
  
   zhù yào gōng
  
   zhěng dùn zhìyōng zhèng huáng wèi zhī chū zhì fèi chítān bài rán chéng fēng fāng miàn de zài quán guó shàng xià guī de kāi zhǎn qīng chá kuī kōngshè huì kǎo shí xíng hào xiàn guī gōngshí xíng yǎng lián yín zhì lòu guī děng duō xiàng gōng zuòyóu tài jué duànléi fēng xíngqīng cháo de cái zhèng zhuàng kuàng zài duǎn shí jiān nèi dào míng xiǎn gǎi shànguān tān zhì bài de huài kuàng dōuyòu hěn de zhuǎn biàn huá rén xué zhě yáng qiáo shuō:“ kāng kuān qián lóng shū kuòyào shì yōng zhèng de zhěng chìqīng cháo kǒng zǎo shuāi wáng。” yòuyōng zhèng yīzhāo guān qīngde shuō
  
   tān dīng zhè shì xiàng zhòng de shuì gǎi zhōng guó jiù yòu rén dīng shuìchéng nián nán lùn pín jūn jiǎo rén tóu shuìyōng zhèng shí xíng gǎi jiāng rén dīng shuì tān àn zhī duō shǎodìng shuì zhī shù duō zhě duō shǎo zhě shǎo zhě shì wèi " tān dīng ", xiāo liǎo rén tóu shuìzhè xiàng cuò shī yòu pín mín 'ér zhùshì guó cái zhèng shuì shǐ shàng de xiàng zhòng gǎi hào xiàn guī gōng guó dài yíntóng wéi huò zhēng shuì shíyín liǎng zài duì huànróng zhùbǎo cúnyùn jiě zhōng yòu dìng sǔn hào zhēng shuì shí yòu dìng jiā fèi xiàng jiā fèi chēng " hào xiàn " huò " huǒ hào ", xiàng yóu fāng zhōu xiàn zhēng shōuzuò wéi fāng bàn gōng guān men de 'é wài shōu hào xiàn dìng zhēng shōu 'ézhōu xiàn suí xīn suǒ cóng zhòng zhēng shōuyòu de chōu zhèng shuì liǎnghào xiàn liù qiánrén mín dān shèn zhòngyōng zhèng shí xíng " hào xiàn guī gōng ", jiāng xiàng jiā fèi biàn wéi dìng shuì kuǎn dìng shuì 'éyóu tǒng guǎn suǒ shuì kuǎnchú bàn gōng fèi yòng wàizuò wéi " yǎng lián yín ", gāo guān men de fèng zhè yàng jiǎn qīng liǎo rén mín dānyòu bǎo zhèng liǎo lián zhèng de tuī xíng yōng zhèng shuō :" xíng lái zhì shāo chéng qīng yán xián miǎn rǎo lěi。 " zhè jiù shì suǒ wèi degāo xīn yǎng lián”。
  
   chuàng jūn chùtuī guǎng zòu zhé zhì míng dài quán nèi yòu quánxiàng chǎn shēngqīng yōng zhèng quán jìn zhōng zài huáng shǒu zhōngchuàng jūn chùzuò wéi huáng de shū bān wéi huáng chū zhù xiě wén jiàn zhèng , " jūn guó wǎng zǒng lǎn "。 diǎn shì chǔlǐ zhèng shì jīng jiǎn jūn chén zhí jiē jiāo dàoliǎo jiě fāng qíng xíngchuán huáng zhǐ gòu cún zài 200 niánzhí zhì qīng chuàng jūn chù bàn suí de shì tuī guǎng zòu zhé zhì yóu qián de guān wén shū zhuǎn shǒu fán qiě jīng duō rén yuè kànshí jiān tuō yán qiě nán bǎo ér zòu zhé xiàng huáng zhí jiē chéng sòngzhí huáng běn rényōng zhèng kuò liǎo xiàng huáng shàng zòu zhé de rén shù tóng shēn fèn de guān shí fǎn yìng qíng kuàngbào gào zhèng shǐ huáng dòng chá xià qíng biàn zhì dìng zhèng ; shǐ guān yuán men xiāng jiān huáng liǎo jiě men de xián qín duòzhèng cāo shǒu
  
   gǎi guī liú guó nán xiē shǎo shù mín de shí xíng zhì zhí wéi shì jǐn míng shàng jiē shòu qīng cháo de fēng men shēng shā duójiāo zhuān shànzhè zhǒng zhì fáng 'ài liǎo guó jiā de tǒng jīng wén huà de zhǎnyōng zhèng wèi hòufèi chú liǎo yún nánguì zhōuguǎng chuān nán de duō gǎi chéng quán guó zhì de zhōu xiàn zhì 。 " gǎi guī liú " shì yīcháng yán zhòng de dǒu zhēng duō zhuāng fǎn kàngyōng zhèng jiān jué pài bīng píng dìngzài píng pàn zhàn zhēng zhōng suī rán lěi gěi shǎo shù mín zào chéng shāng hàidàn cóng cháng yuǎn lái shuō, " gǎi guī liú " shì jìn de cuò shī xiàn zhì liǎo de quánduì mín de jīng wén huà zhǎn yòu
  
   yōng zhèng qián yán zhí xíng hǎi jìndàn hòu yīn kǎo yán hǎi díquè bǎi xìng yōng zhèng nián kāi fàng yáng jìnyǔn mín rén wǎng nán yáng mào hǎi jìn shī xíng mǐnyuè liǎng shěngyōng zhèng duì dāng shí de piàn mào jiào wéi zhòng shì de piàn zhèng shìfàn mài pǐnyán chéng dàiyán fēn yào yòng piàn pǐn piàn yān pǐn yán jìnyào yòng gān shèqiě zhào xiǎo běn shāng rén de zhèng dāng duì dài 'ōu lái de shǐ zhěyōng zhèng xiāng dài suī jié fǎn duì tiān zhù jiào děng zài zhōng guó mín jiān de chuán zhè zhōng fēn de yuán yīn zài fēng jiàn huáng xiǎng de bǎo shǒu xìng), dàn tóng shí duì tiān zhù jiào bìng 'è nián 'ěr 'ěrjīn táo shǐ chén mài lái jīngyōng zhèng duì de yōu dàishǐ shēn wéi gǎn shèn zhì yōng zhèng shòu chén zhī shízài tiān zhù táng zuò dǎowéi zhī zhù shòuyōng zhèng hái xuǎn liǎo xiē yòu cái néng de chuán jiào shì zài gōng zhōng yán zhì wài guó shāo zào cái liào jiá 'ěr dāng nián lái huáyòu fēn yuán yīn shì yōng zhèng zài 'ěr tài xià dekāi míngwéi 'ōu zhōu rén suǒ gòng zhīshǐ men duì zhōng guó huáng dāng shí shì qián lóng duì huá tōng shāng chōng mǎn liǎo měi hǎo de huàn xiǎng
  
   zuò wéi fēng jiàn huáng suī rán kāi fàng yáng jìnwéi nán fāng yán hǎi fēn rén mín huī kāng nián bèi duó de móu shēng shǒu duàn jìn zhōng guó nán yáng jìn xíng jīng wén huà jiāo liúdàn tóng shí miǎn yòu xiàn xìng
  
   lìng wàifèi chú jiàn fèi chú yāo zhǎn shì gōng shífèi chú yāo zhǎn de yuán yīn shì zhè yàng deyōng zhèng huáng yòu shā liǎo rénshì yòng yāo zhǎnyīn wéi yāo zhǎn shì dāo cóng yāo kǎn xià kǎn xià zhī hòu rén hái huó zhezhè rén zài bèi kǎn zhī hòuyòng shǒu zhǐ zhàn zhe xuè zài shàng lián xiě cǎnyōng zhèng huáng tīng shuō zhī hòu jué fēi cháng cǎnsuǒ jiù xià lìng fèi chú yāo zhǎn
  
   zài wèi duǎn duǎn de 13 nián suǒ zuò chū de gǎi qīnkāng suǒ zuò chū de gǎi hái yào duō shuō yōng zhèng shì gǎi xíng de huáng
  
   qīng shì zōng qín zhèng qīng chú kāng tǒng zhì hòu de zhǒng dìng chéng xiàoduì qīng dài shǐ zhǎn yòu dìng gòng xiàndàn tǒng zhì yán cāi duō guǎ 'ēnzhè shì xìng de ruò diǎncóng 'ér róng zuì hěn duō guān liáo jiē tóng shí zhèng shì yīn wéi de yán tǒng zhì chāo xún cháng de dāng zhōng qīng guó zhú jiàn zǒu xiàng dǐng shèng cái wéi kāng qián shèng shì liǎo chéng qián hòu de zuò yòng
  
   lìng wàiyōng zhèng de qín fèn jǐn shì guò huáng jiù suàn zài xiàn dài lǐng dǎo rén méi yòu gēn měi de zài wèi 12 nián 8 yuè tóujīhū měi tiān gōng zuò dào shēn nián zhī zhōng zhǐ yòu zài shēng tiān cái huì xiū ér qiě měi tiān de shuì mián hái gòu 4 xiǎo shíjǐn jǐn zài shù wàn jiàn zòu zhé zhōng suǒ xiě xià de jiù duō 1000 duō wàn
  
   jiā tíng chéng
  
   shēng kāng shí nián( 1678 niánshí yuè sān shí xiào gōng rén huáng hòu shí suì qián wéi xiào rén huáng hòu yǎng kāng qīn zhēng 'ěr dān shíyìn zhēn fèng mìng zhǎng guǎn zhèng hóng yíng。 20 suìbèi fēng wéi bèi , 31 suìjìn yōng qīn wángkāng jià bēngyìn zhēn wèiwéi yōng zhèng
  
   yōng zhèng
  
   yōng zhèng huáng xiān hòu shí huáng zhǎngzǐ huáng yòu nián shì zhào zhōngyōng zhèng huáng wèi chuán gěi huáng bǎo qīn wáng hóng qián lóngmìng huáng sān hóng shí huáng hóng zhòu cóng xiǎo ruǎn ruòwèi néng xiōng cháng men zhēng wèi
  
   ài xīn jué luó · hóng huīzhǎngzǐduān qīn wáng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · hóng shísān xuē zōng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · hóng qīng gāo zōngqián lóng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · hóng zhòu gōng qīn wáng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · hóng zhānliù guǒ gōng jùn wánghòu wéi guǒ qīn wáng 'ài xīn jué luó · yǔn zhī hòu
  
   ài xīn jué luó · huì huái qīn wáng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · hóng yúnzǎo shāng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · hóng fēnzǎo shāng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · zǎo shāng
  
   ài xīn jué luó · pèizǎo shāng
  
   cháng ( 1694 nián), kāng sān shí sān nián sān yuè shí liù shēngwèi yuè shāng mào pín sòng shìshí wéi yōng qīn wáng );
  
   shuò huái gōng zhù fēi shìshí wéi yōng qīn wáng fēi);
  
   sān ( 1706 nián), kāng shí nián shí 'èr yuè chū shēngwèi yuè shāng mào pín sòng shìshí wéi yōng qīn wáng );
  
   ( 1715 nián héng 1717 nián), kāng shí nián sān yuè shí 'èr shēng shí liù nián yuè shāng dūn huáng guì fēi nián shìshí wéi yōng qīn wáng fēi
  
   yǎng shuò shū shèn gōng zhù qīn wáng yǔn réng liù jìn táng shì
  
   yǎng shuò huì gōng zhù qīn wáng yǔn xiáng jìn zhào jiā shì
  
   yǎng shuò duān róu gōng zhùzhuāng qīn wáng yǔn cháng jìn guō luò luó shì
  
   quán huáng 'àn chū shēng xiān hòu tǒng pái | shēng nián | dié pái | cháng shēng huó zhōng páiháng chēng |
  
   hóng huī | kāng sān shí liù nián sān yuè shēngkāng shí sān nián shāng 8 suì | |
  
   èrhóng fēn | kāng sān shí liù nián liù yuè shēngkāng sān shí nián 'èr yuè shāng 3 suì | |
  
   sānhóng yún | kāng sān shí jiǔ nián yuè shēngkāng shí jiǔ nián shāng 11 suì | 'èr |
  
   hóng shí | kāng shí sān nián 'èr yuè shēngyōng zhèng nián yuè liù 24 suì | sān | huáng sān sān 'ā
  
   hóng | kāng shí nián yuè shēngjiā qìng nián zhēngyuè 89 suì | | huáng 'ā bǎo qīn wáng |
  
   liùhóng zhòu | kāng shí nián shí yuè shēngqián lóng sān shí nián 60 suì | | huáng 'ā qīn wáng |
  
   | kāng shí jiǔ nián yuè shēngkāng liù shí nián zhēngyuè shāng 2 suì | |
  
   huì | kāng liù shí nián shí yuè shēngyōng zhèng liù nián jiǔ yuè shāng 8 suì | | 'ā |
  
   jiǔ pèi | yōng zhèng yuán nián yuè shēngxuán shāng | |
  
   shíhóng yàn | yōng zhèng shí nián liù yuè shēngqián lóng sān shí nián sān yuè 33 suì | liù | liù 'ā yuán míng yuán 'ā guǒ jùn wáng
  
   hóng yàn shì yōng zhèng shí 'ér chǐ pái xíng wéi liù
  
   shì zōng shí
  
   xiào jìng xiàn huáng hòu shēng duān qīn wáng hóng huī
  
   xiào shèng xiàn huáng hòu shēng gāo zōng
  
   chún què huáng guì fēi gěng jiā shì shēng gōng qīn wáng hóng zhòu
  
   dūn huáng guì fēi nián jiā shì shēng huái qīn wáng huì pèi
  
   qiān fēi liú shì shēng guǒ gōng jùn wáng hóng zhān
  
   fēi shì shēng hóng yúnhóng shíhóng fēn
  
   hóng yàn hòu wéi guǒ qīn wáng yǔn hòuhóng yúnhóng fēn pèi jiē shāng fēng
  
   hóng shí yōng zhèng nián fàng zòng jǐnxuē zōng fēng
  
   duān qīn wáng hóng huīshì zōng suì shānggāo zōng wèizhuī fēng qīn wángshì yuē duān
  
   gōng qīn wáng hóng zhòushì zōng yōng zhèng shí niánfēng qīn wángshí sān niánshè bàn miáo jiāng shì chùmìng gāo zōng hóng zhòu lǐng shìqián lóng jiān zhènghóng zhòu shǎo jiāo kàngshàng měi yōu róng zhīcháng jiān shì zhèng guāng míng diàn hóng zhòu qǐng shàng tuì shíshàng wèi hóng zhòu yuē:“ shàng mǎi zhǔ shì ?” míng hóng zhòu xièshàng yuē:“ shǐ zuó fěn !” dài zhī chūxìng shē chǐshì zōng yōng jiù shàng zhī wánghǎo yán sānglǐyán:“ rén bǎi nián zhě huì wéi?” cháng shǒu dìng sāngyízuò tíng shǐ jiā rén diàn 'āi àn rán yǐn dàn wéi zuò míng xiàng dǐng pán zhì jītà sān shí niánhōng shì yǒng sān shí niánhōngshì yuē qín mián lún jùn wángsān shí jiǔ niánhōngshì yuē jǐn mián xúnjiā qìng 'èr shí 'èr niánhōngshì yuē hēng bèi zài róng bèi tóng zhì zhōngjiā bèi xiánshì mǐn lián zhèn guó gōng
  
   huái qīn wáng huìshì zōng suì shānggāo zōng wèizhuī fēng qīn wángshì yuē huái
  
   yōng zhèng hòu fēi
  
   shì zōng xiào jìng xiàn huáng hòu shìmǎn zhōu zhèng huáng rénnèi chén fèi yáng shì zōng wéi huáng shèng hòu wéi jìnyōng zhèng yuán nián wéi huáng hòujiǔ nián jiǔ yuè chǒubēngshí shàng bìng chū qīn lín hán liǎnzhū chén jiàn zhǐshàng yuē:“ huáng hòu chuí tiáo zhī niánfèng huáng kǎo mìngzuò pèi zhèn gōngjié lái shí zàixiào shùn gōng jìngshǐ zhōng zhìzhèn tiáolǐ jīng niánjīn shǐ quán ruò qīn lín sāngcìchù jǐng zēng bēifēi shè yǎng suǒ dàn huáng hòu sāngshìguó jiā diǎn suī bèiér zhèn shù wèi zhōuquán héng qīng zhòng shǐ qíng wén jiān jìn wén。” zhū chén míng huì diǎn huáng hòu sàng qīn lín diàn zhī lìng huáng zhāoxī diàn qiǎn guān tíng qīn diàncóng zhīshì xiào jìng huáng hòu shì zōng bēng zàng tài língqián lóngjiā qìng lěi jiā shìyuē xiào jìng gōng shùn zhāo huì zhuāng 'ān kāng zuǒ tiān shèng xiàn huáng hòu
  
   xiào shèng xiàn huáng hòuniǔ shìmǎn zhōu xiāng huáng rén pǐn diǎn líng zhù hòu nián shí sānshì shì zōng qián hào kāng shí nián yuè gēng gāo zōng shēngyōng zhèng zhōngfēng fēijìn guì fēigāo zōng wèi shì zōng mìngzūn wéi huáng tài hòu níng gōnggāo zōng shì tài hòu xiào tiān xià yǎngwéi jīng jīng shǒu jiā zhòng guó tài hòu 'ǒu yán shùn tiān dōng yòu fèi dāng chóngxiūshàng cóng zhī zhào gōng jiān:“ děng cháng shì shèng céng jiàn zhāo shèng tài hòu dāng lìng shèng xiū gài miào hòu dāng zòu zhǐ!” gōng jiān yǐn zhēn 'ān nèidǎo tài hòu cāng zhèn mén xiè 'ēnshàng jiè zhīshàng měi chū xún xìngzhé fèng tài hòu xíngnán xún zhě sāndōng xún zhě sānxìng tái shān zhě sānxìng zhōng zhōu zhě xiào língxiǎn lánsuì zhì yān wàn shòushuài wáng chén fèng shāng chēng qìng
  
   qián lóng shí liù niánliù shí shòuèr shí liù nián shí shòusān shí liù nián shí shòuqìng diǎn jiā lóngxiān jìn shòu jiǔ jiǔxiān shàng qīn zhì shī wénshū huà xiàngguān zān shìjīn xiàng nǎoshuǐ jīng láng dǐng shū huà xiù huā guǒzhū wài guó zhēn pǐnmǐbù bèitài hòu wéi tiān xià shí niánguó jiā quán shèngqīn jiàn zēngxuán
  
   shí 'èr nián zhēngyuè gēng yínbēngnián shí liùzàng tài líng dōng běiyuē tài dōng língchū zūn tài hòushàng huī hàoguó yòu qìng jiā shàngyuē chóng xuān kāng huì dūn shòu chún gōng 'ān níng huáng tài hòu zàngshàng shìjiā qìng zhōngzài jiā shìyuē xiào shèng xuān kāng huì dūn chéng huī rén jìng tiān guāng shèng xiàn huáng hòu gāo zōng
  
   dūn huáng guì fēinián shìhàn jūn xiāng huáng rénxún xiá líng shì shì zōng qián wéi jìnyōng zhèng yuán niánfēng guì fēisān nián shí yuèfēi bìng jìn huáng guì fēibìng fēi bìng shì huáng guì fēi xíngfēi hōng yuèfēi xiōng gēng yáo zuì shì yuē dūn huáng guì fēiqián lóng chūcóng zàng tài líng sān huì pèijiē shāng shāng
  
   chún què huáng guì fēigěng shìmǎn zhōu xiāng huáng rénshì shì zōng qián wéi yōng zhèng jiānfēng pínjìn fēigāo zōng shí jiā zūn wéi huáng guì tài fēiqián lóng shí jiǔ niánhōngnián jiǔ shí liùshì yuē chún què huáng guì fēizàng fēi yuán qǐnwèi zhū fēi shàng hóng zhòu
  
   shì zōng zhū fēiyòu yòu fēi shìshì shì zōng qián wéi shì jìnyōng zhèng jiānfēng fēi sānhóng fēnhóng yúnjiē shānghóng shí xià jià xīng qiān fēiliú shìshì shì zōng qián hào guì rényōng zhèng jiānfēng qiān píngāo zōng zūn wéi huáng kǎo qiān fēi hóng yànmào pínsòng shìshì shì zōnghào yōng zhèng chūfēng mào pín 'èrjiē shāng
  
   qīng hòu fēi zhī shì zōng hòu fēigǎn xiè chá 'ā lín gōng liào
  
   shì zōng xiàn huáng xiào jìng gōng shùn zhāo huì zhuāng 'ān kāng zuǒ tiān shèng xiàn huáng hòu shìguǎn jūn tǒng lǐng shìnèi chénzèng chéng 'ēn gōng fèi yáng kāng shíshì zōng huáng wèifèng shèng hòu wéi huáng fēisān shí liù niánshēng huáng zhǎngzǐ zèng duān qīn wáng hóng huīshì zōng dēng yōng zhèng yuán nián shí 'èr yuè wéi huáng hòujiǔ nián xīn hài jiǔ yuè 'èr shí jiǔ bēngshòu shí shì zōng zhǐ yúnchuí tiáo zhī niánzuò pèi zhèn gōngjié lái shí yúzǎidài kāng 'èr shí jiǔ nián lái pínshòu tuī zhīyòu 'àn shēng nián wèi xiángshēng wéi yuè shí sān shí 'èr yuèshì yuē xiào jìng huáng hòushí sān niángāo zōng wèishí yuèjiā shàng zūn shì yuē xiào jìng gōng shùn zhāo huì zuǒ tiān shèng xiàn huáng hòushēng tài miàoqián lóng 'èr nián sān yuè zàng tài língjiā qìng nián yuèjiā shàng zūn shì zhuāng 'èr èr shí nián shí 'èr yuèjiā shàng 'ān kāng 'èr jīn shì
  
   xiào shèng xuān kāng huì dūn chéng huī rén jìng tiān guāng shèng xiàn huáng hòu niǔ shìwéi zèng hóng gōng 'é zēngsūn pǐn diǎn zhuī fēng děng chéng 'ēn gōng líng zhù kāng sān shí nián rén shēn shí yuè 'èr shí shēng shí sān niánnián shí sān shì shì zōng fān wéi shí nián yuèshēng huáng shì wéi gāo zōngshì zōng dēng yōng zhèng yuán nián shí 'èr yuè fēng fēihòu jìn guì fēishí sān nián jiǔ yuègāo zōng wèizūn shì zōng mìngzūn wéi huáng tài hòushí 'èr yuèshàng huī hào yuē chóng qìng huáng tài hòuqián lóng yuán nián yuè níng gōngèr nián shí 'èr yuèyīn huáng hòujiā shàng huī hào xuān 'èr shí nián jiǔ yuègāo zōng fèng zhī xìng tái shānshí sān nián 'èr yuègāo zōng fèng zhī dōng xúnshí nián yuèyīn shè liù gōng shì huáng guì fēijiān píng dìng jīn chuānjiā shàng huī hào kāng huì 'èr shí nián 'èr yuègāo zōng fèng zhī xìng tái shān yuèyīn huáng guì fēi wéi huáng hòujiā shàng huī hào dūn 'èr xuángāo zōng fèng zhī xìng zhōng zhōushí liù nián zhēngyuègāo zōng fèng zhī nán xúnshí yuèliù xún qìngjiā shàng huī hào shòu 'èr èr shí nián liù yuèyīn píng dìng zhǔn 'ěrjiā shàng chún 'èr èr shí 'èr nián zhēngyuègāo zōng fèng zhī nán xúnèr shí liù nián 'èr yuègāo zōng fèng zhī xìng tái shānshí yuè xún qìngjiā shàng huī hào gōng 'èr èr shí nián zhēngyuè sān shí nián zhēngyuègāo zōng jūn fèng zhī nán xúnsān shí liù nián 'èr yuègāo zōng fèng zhī dōng xúnshí yuè xún qìngjiā shàng huī hào 'ān 'èr shí nián 'èr yuègāo zōng fèng zhī dōng xún yuèyīn píng dìng jīn chuānjiā shàng huī hào níng 'èr zhì shìwéi chóng qìng xuān kāng huì dūn shòu chún gōng 'ān níng huáng tài hòu shí 'èr nián dīng yǒu zhēngyuè 'èr shí sān bēng yuán míng yuán zhī cháng chūn xiān guǎnshòu shí yòu liùsān yuèshàng zūn shì yuē xiào shèng xuān kāng huì dūn jìng tiān guāng shèng xiàn huáng hòu yuèzàng tài líng dōng běi yuē tài dōng líng yuèshēng tài miàojiā qìng nián yuèjiā shàng zūn shì chéng huī 'èr èr shí nián shí 'èr yuèjiā shàng rén 'èr jīn shì
  
   dūn huáng guì fēi nián shì běi xún hòu jiā tài děng gōng nián xiá líng zhī yuán shòu děng gōng yuǎn dàjiàng jūnchuān shǎn zǒng nián gēng yáo zhī wéi shì zōng fān fēikāng shí niánshēng huáng shí jiǔ niánshēng huáng liù shí niánshēng huáng zèng huái qīn wáng huìyōng zhèng yuán nián yuèshēng huáng pèishí 'èr yuè fēng guì fēisān nián shí yuèbìng jìn huáng guì fēixuán shì yuè 'èr shí sān shí 'èr yuèshì yuē dūn huáng guì fēiqián lóng 'èr nián sān yuècóng zàng tài líng
  
   chún què( què) huáng guì fēi gěng shìmǎn zhōu xiāng huáng rénguǎn lǐng gěng jīn kāng 'èr shí nián shí yuè shēngchū shì shì zōng fān wéi shí niánshēng huáng gōng qīn wáng hóng zhòushì zōng dēng yōng zhèng yuán nián shí 'èr yuè fēng pínhòu jìn fēiqián lóng 'èr nián jiǔ yuègāo zōng jìn zūn wéi huáng kǎo guì fēi shí sān nián shí yuè nián jiè jiǔ xúnjìn zūn wéi huáng guì tài fēi shí jiǔ nián jiá chén shí 'èr yuè shí nián jiǔ shí yòu liùmíng nián 'èr yuèshì yuē chún huáng guì fēixún zàng fēi yuán qǐnwèi liè zhū fēi zhī shàng
  
   fēi shìzhī wén chū wéi shì zōng fān fēikāng sān shí niánshēng huáng 'èr shuò huái gōng zhùsān shí liù niánshēng huáng hóng fēnsān shí jiǔ niánshēng huáng 'èr hóng yún shí sān niánshēng huáng sān hóng shíshì zōng dēng yōng zhèng yuán nián shí 'èr yuè fēng fēiqián lóng 'èr nián dīng yuè chū
  
   qiān fēi liú shìguǎn lǐng liú mǎn kāng shí sān nián jiá shēngchū gōng hào guì rényōng zhèng shí nián liù yuèshēng huáng liù guǒ jùn wáng hóng yàn fēng qiān pínqián lóng 'èr nián jiǔ yuègāo zōng jìn zūn wéi huáng kǎo qiān fēisān shí 'èr nián dīng hài yuè 'èr shí nián shí
  
   níng fēi shìzhī zhōu zhù guó yōng zhèng shí 'èr nián jiá yín yuè 'èr shí zhuī fēng wéi níng fēi
  
   mào pín sòng shìzhù shì jīn zhù chū shì shì zōng fān wéi kāng sān shí sān niánshēng huáng cháng shí niánshēng huáng sān shì zōng dēng yōng zhèng yuán nián shí 'èr yuè fēng mào pín nián gēng
  
   guō guì rénchū fēng cháng zàiyōng zhèng nián jìn wéi guì rénqián lóng shí nián zhēngyuè sān yuè zàng gōng
  
   guì rényōng zhèng nián bèi fēng wéi guì rénqián lóng 'èr shí nián yuè 'èr shí èr shí jiǔ fèng tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   ān guì rénqián lóng shí nián zàn 'ān bìn gōng
  
   hǎi guì rényōng zhèng sān nián wéi cháng zàishí sān nián wéi jìn wéi guì rénqián lóng 'èr shí liù nián shí 'èr yuè èr shí nián yuè zàng gōng
  
   zhāng guì rénchū wéi cháng zàishí sān nián jìn wéi guì rényōng zhèng shí sān nián yuè 'èr shí
  
   lǎo guì rénzàng dōng líng yuán qǐn
  
   cháng zàiyōng zhèng shí sān nián qián zàn 'ān tián cūnhòu fèng 'ān tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   cháng zàiyōng zhèng nián wéi dāyìngshí nián jìn cháng zàiqián lóng shí nián hòu
  
   cháng zàiyōng zhèng nián wéi dāyìng nián jìn cháng zàiqián lóng sān shí sān nián shí nián shí yuè zàng gōng
  
   chūn cháng zàiyōng zhèng shí sān nián wéi cháng zàiqián lóng 'èr shí liù nián hòu
  
   gāo cháng zàiyōng zhèng nián yuè wéi dāyìng nián wéi cháng zàiyōng zhèng shí nián qián lóng 'èr nián réng zàn 'ān bìn gōnghòu fèng 'ān tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   cháng cháng zàiyōng zhèng nián chū wéi cháng zàiyōng zhèng shí nián qián lóng 'èr nián réng zàn 'ān 'ān tián cūnhòu fèng 'ān tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   cháng zàiyōng zhèng shí sān nián qián zàn 'ān tián cūnhòu fèng 'ān tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   cháng zài xiáng
  
   dāyìngyōng zhèng nián gōngyōng zhèng nián hòu
  
   yīng dāyìngyuán míng lán yīng xiáng
  
   wāng dāyìng xiáng
  
   dāyìng xiáng
  
   zhāng shēng nián xiángfèng 'ān tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   shēng nián xiángfèng 'ān tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   zhāng shēng nián xiángfèng 'ān tài líng fēi yuán qǐn
  
   yún huì xiáng
  
   shī
  
   qīng shì zōng yōng zhèng huáng yòu wéi kāng biǎo mèishí wéi huáng guì fēi de tóng jiā shì děng gōng tóng guó wéi zhī xiào rén huáng hòusuǒ yǎngsuī bìng fēi guò dàn yīn shí zhōng gōng jiǔ tóng jiā shì hòu shēn fèn tǒng shè hòu gōngwèi fèn zūn guìtóng jiā shì xià yóu kōngyìn zhēn chū shēng hòu shù nián fāng dàn xià xuán 'ér shì yìn zhēn wéi chūyīn qín bèi zhìguān 'ài yòu jiāér yōng zhèng méng yìnchéng 'ēn suàn lái dāng shì kāng zhū zhōng chú liǎo 'èr 'ā yìn réngshēng wéi cháo yuán lǎo suǒ suǒ 'é zhī zhí xiào chéng rén huáng hòu shè shìchū shìrén xiào huáng hòu”)、 shí 'ā yìn 'éshēng wéi wēn guì fēi niǔ shìxiào zhāo rén huáng hòu zhī mèiè lóng zhī wàiwèi fèn zuì wéi zūn róng de wèi huáng yīn cóng xiǎo néng shòu dào dìng de zhòng shìyòu shí de yìn zhēn nǎi píng jiè zhe zhè céng tiān hòu de yuánbèi yǎng kāng gōng zhōng dào huáng de qīn suǒ wèi ài zhě bào”, shí zhī jiān róng róngshèn wéi wēn xīn xié men jiān de gǎn qíng chǔ yīn zhè céng guān ér xiǎn bié shēn hòu láo
  
   qīng gōng guàn huáng chū shēng hòu huò yóu guān yuán yǎnghuò yóu fēi pín yǎngzǒng zhī yán zhīhuáng dàn xià zhī hòu shēng zhè néng shì wèile jué hòu gōng gān zhèng suǒ yòu qīng dàichú liǎo wài shàng jué liǎo hòu fēi shì wài huò guó de zhèngdàn shì zhè zhǒngfáng zhī fēi xiá yóu quē jiē chù gōu tōngzhè yòu néng huì dǎo zhì chū xiàn qīn shēng jiān shēng cāi gǎn qíng guān rán děng shì gān de jìng kuàngér xìng de shìyōng zhèng shēng fēi zhī jiān de guān jiù shì zhè yàng shēng 'ér jǐn zhānglěng dàn 'ér nài
  
   jiū yuán yīn zǒng jié wéi xià diǎn
  
   yīn wéi yìn zhēn cóng chū shēng yóu tóng jiā shì yǎngyìn zhēn hòu lái huí tóng jiā shì shí céng gǎn niàn chōng líng 'ér bèi méng zhī rén shízǎi zhī láo bào shēng chéng zhī ”《 qīng shì zōng shí shí juàn jiǔ 。), zhí dào shí suì zuǒ yòu tóng jiā shì bìng shìyòu nián de yìn zhēn dōushì zài zhè wèi qīn zhī jiào dǎo xià tiān tiān chéngzhǎng lái de。“ shēng 'ēn yǎng 'ēn ”, suǒ yìn zhēn gǎn yǎng 'ēn zhī shēntóng xiào rén huáng hòu qīn jìnfǎn 'ér qīn niàn shēng shū shì hěn rán de shì qíng rén zhī cháng qíng。( shèn huò zhè zhǒng qíng gǎn shàng de qīn shū háiyán dào yōng zhèng de sūnqián jiā nián jiān tóng jiā shì lěi jiā shìdàn shì zuò wéi huáng de shēng shì què piān piān méi yòu zhè zhǒng shū róngfǎng shì shénme xiāng gān de rénshēng shēng bèi pāo zài liǎo biān xún cháng zhī zhōng yǐn yǐn tòu chū yōng zhèng fēi zhī jiānnài rén xún wèide guān 。)
  
   'èrtóng jiā shì shì kāng de biǎo mèiwèi fèn zūn guì kāng 'èr wèi huáng hòu xiào zhāo rén huáng hòukāng cháo zhèng chén 'è lóng de 'ér hòu zhí wèi liè huáng guì fēi zhī wèi suǒ wèi de hòuzhǎng guǎn hòu gōngshì zhū wèi huáng zhī de zūn guì dìng ràng nián yòu de yōng zhèng chǎn shēng zhǒng shǔ gǎn 'ān quán gǎnchū shēng cún de běn néng dìng huì jié jìn quán tǎo yǎng de hǎo huò de huān xīnjiǔ 'ér jiǔ zhī zài zhè zhǒng qián huà zhī xià nán miǎnlún wéi dǒng chá yán guān yán shì deshì yǎn 'ér”, duì de qīn shēng qīn de tài xiǎng lái huì yóu yǎng de cún zài zài gōng tíng zhī zhōng shēng cún de yào zōng de chéng ér gǎn guòfèn qīn jìnyìn zhēn shèn zhì hěn yòu néng zài yòu huò zhōng biǎo xiàn chū zhǒng tóng jiā shì zhī shēn fèn dexiǎo xiǎoqíng shēng fēi kàn zài yǎn xīn zhōng dìng rán hěn chàng kuàijiǔ 'ér jiǔ zhī men zhī jiān de guān biàn huì méng shàng céng yīn yǐngjié yuè jié yuè liǎo
  
   sān,“ tiān xià de jiē shì piān xīn de”, nǎi jīn cháng kuàng qiě duō shù de qīn huì bié téng 'ài chǒng yòu zhè shì men tiān shēng de qíng jiéyìn zuòkāng de liù fēi suǒ shēng de 'èr 'ér zài de shí hòu téng yìn zuòyìn zuò liǎo rán jiù téng shí yìn zhēnyōng zhèng shí gēngmíng wéi yìn louxiǎng lái yōng zhèng xīn zhōng duì zhí gěng gěng huái jiān de jiàn zēng
  
   dāng rán jiù zhuān mén shuō shuō 'ā běn shēn de wèn liǎozhè tóu juǎnqū kuài de hái yòu jiù bèi kāng shuō chéng shì " dìng ", jiàn nián yòu shí xīn jiāxīn zhōng chéng shòu zhù fāng fāng miàn miàn dài gěi de zhòng wǎng wǎng huì rán 'ér rán de zuòyòu shí shèn huò jìn xiē liǎozuò qīn de duō huān tīng huà guāi qiǎo de hái duì xiàng zhè yàng yòu xiē yōu de hái měi guó shǐ xué shī shǐ jǐng qiān shì rèn wéi jiànzhōng guó huáng kāng huà xiàng 172, shàng hǎi yuǎn dōng chū bǎn shè。), rán hěn nán qīn de huān xīn
  
   yìn zhēn wèi fēng lóng duōtóng jiā shì de wéi jiù jiùquè fǎn 'ér de qīn jiù jiù liào zài biān wéi zhè děng xiàng quán shì jiè xuān zhǐ chéng rèn tóng jiā shì zhè wèi yǎng shì wéi de qīnliǎo de zuò hóng lóu mèngzhōng de tàn chūn shí shí chū zhéxiǎn rán zài de xīn hái shì hěn huān de qīn niànbìng qiě huò duō huò shǎo de jiāng gōng kāi huà,( de xìng qíng běn jiù shì hěn duō shí hòu huì bìng shì rén men xiǎng xiàng bānjiāng de gǎn qíng zhē zhē yǎn yǎnér shì gōng kāi huò bàn gōng kāi de 'ér kuài。) wèi 'ér chùruò shì fēi yǎn jiàn de qīn shēng 'ér miǎo shì kǒng huì chù lái zài xiǎng xiǎng kàn tiān xià huì yòu 'ér xuǎn měi tiān gènglíng chén sān zhì diǎnzhè shí hòu gěi qīn qǐng 'ān de(《 jué juàn ,《 qīng shǐ liào ji》, zhōng huá shū 1983 nián bǎn 11。 yōng zhèng bào yǐn qíng), men míng wéi shí xíng tóng èr rén zhī jiān běn jiù méi shénme huà shuōshèn zhì duō shù shí hòu dōushì huà tóu zhēn fēng xiāng duì dedàn shì wèile miǎn bēifù xiào de zuì míngyōng zhèng zhǐ néng gǎn zài qīn shàng wèi shēn de zhè diǎn 'ér qián qǐng 'ān”,( shí shàng jiù shì zǒu guò chǎng pèng miàn cái néng miǎn shēng gān shuō shí huàzhè zhāo zhēn shì gòu jué de liǎo guò cóng zhōng yǐn yuē de tòu chū yōng zhèng nèi xīn de nài xīn suān
  
   liù fēi huáng dàn yīng wěi yìng shòu xíng yòu jǐn yào”( xiāo shì:《 yǒng xiàn 》, juàn 。) wéi yóu jiē shòu huáng gěi xíng hài dēng diǎn chàdiǎn kāi liǎo chǎngshǐ yōng zhèng cháo de jiā zhè me shā fēng jǐng de kāi chǎng chèn shìde zhù dìng liǎo yōng zhèng cháo cǎn cǎn de bēi shōu chǎng
  
   wàizhè wèi qīn hái céng fàng huà shuōyōng zhèng wèi, " shí fēi mèng zhī suǒ ", zhè shì shénme ?! zhè míng bǎi zhe gào zhòng rén shuō héng héng de qīn 'ér (!) chéng tǒngjiù lián zhè qīn shēng qīn zuò mèng xiǎng dàoshí shàng jiù shì chéng rèn yōng zhèng wèi de xìngduì jiàn zuò de tiǎo zhànzài zhèng zhì huán jìng xiǎn 'è de qíng kuàng xiàzài me duō zhèng duì qīn shēng 'ér shì dān dān de qíng kuàng xià zhè me shuō xiǎn rán jiāng huì shòu rén bǐngxiǎn rán huì yōng zhèng wǎng jué shàng tuīér lián xiǎng dōuméi xiǎnglián dōuméi jiù zhè me shuōzhè me zuò liǎo!!! zhè me jué qíngpiān xīn zhè me míng xiǎnruò shì néng gǎo hǎo guān gèng kuàng hàoqiáng hǎo míng yōng zhèng zhě ?!
  
   fēi shēng qiánduàn rán kěn jiē shòurén shòuhuáng tài hòu de zūn hào kěn cóng yuán xiān zhù de yǒng gōng dào tài hòu yìng zhù de níng shòu gōng yànqìyōng zhèng biàn jiāng de gōng guān cái dào níng shòu gōngtíng líng sān tiān cái fàng dào hòu hòu yìng tíng líng de fāng héng héng shòu huáng diàn zhé de tòu chū yōng zhèng xīn zhōng de fèn hèn píng zhōng de sān mèi zhuóshí nài rén xún wèi
  
   hái yòuyìn zhēn yīn zǎo nián zhōng guò shǔ 'ér bié fēi hòusuī tiān fēi chángdàn wéi miǎn luò rén(?!) kǒu shí jiān chí shǒu líng zhì shù hūn juéshēn zhīzài gěi xīn nián gēng yáo de zhé zhōng jiù yòu zhè yàng de huà héng héngzhèn 'ān shí zài wéi zhèn fàng xīnshí néng chēng diū chǒu liǎokuàng shòu guò shǔ diǎn shòu zhǐ shēn zhī zhòngzhuóshí yǎng wéi zhèn guò 。” zhǒng fèn mèn de qíng kàn biàn míng zhī jiān guān ruò shí zài shì yōng zhèng shēng de bēi 'āi
  
   xīng wén
  
  1. nián gēng yáo 'àn
  
   yōng zhèng cháo de wén shǐ nián gēng yáo 'ànnián gēng yáo shì hàn jūn xiāng huáng rénjìn shì chū shēn 'ér yòu yòng bīng zhī cáizài chuān cáng dài píng pàn jiàn gōng xūnkāng nián shòu dìng jiāng jūnjiān chuān shǎn zǒng dāng shí hái shì yōng qīn wáng de yǔn zhēnyìn zhēn wèi hòunián gēng yáo bèi shòu chǒng xìnlěi shòu chuān shǎn zǒng tài bǎo yuǎn dàjiàng jūnjué fēng děng gōngnián gēng yáo yòu yīn mèi mèi shì yōng zhèng bào jūn de fēi kāi shǐ gōng 'àoyōng zhèng rěn rěnzhōng dòng shā yōng zhèng sān nián (1724 nián ) èr yuèchū xiàn yuè xīng lián zhūde tiān wén guānchén liáo shàng biǎo chēng nián shàng biǎodàn shì liáo cǎoèr shì jiāng chéng cháo qián xiě chéng liǎo cháo qián”, wéi zhōng qín shènjiù shì xiě dǎo liǎo biànyōng zhèng nián gēng yáo gōng miǎo shàngxīn huái guǐ xiē duì nián gēng yáo yòu yuàn duì de rén jiàn huáng shàng dài liǎo tóubiàn qún 'ér gōng zhī shì nián gēng yáo bèi chéng jiǔ shí 'èr tiáo zuìnián gēng yáo yuǎn dàjiàng jūn 'ér háng zhōu jiāng jūn 'ér bèi lìng cáiqīn tóng dǎng huò zhǎn shǒu huò liú fàng huò biǎn zhé
  
   nián gēng yáo hòu tiānwāng jǐng zhǎn shǒu shì zhòng wāng jǐng zhēng suí 'ànwāng jǐng zhè jiāng háng zhōu rényōng zhèng chū nián de péng yǒu héng rèn shǎn zhèng shǐshì shàng nián gēng yáo de xīn wāng jǐng qián wǎng tàn fǎngchéng tóu shū gān nián gēng yáozuò liǎo nián gēng yáo de lín shí wāng jǐng zhè yóu zhù yòu shū táng zhēng suí èr juànxiàn nián gēng yáo shōu cángnián gēng yáo zuì chāo jiā,《 zhēng suí bèi jiǎo jìn gōng zhōngyōng zhèng hòu yǎo qièchǐ zài shǒu yún:“ bèi miù kuáng luànzhì jiàn zhī wǎnliú dài shǐ zhǒng lòu wǎng 。” yuē shì suí jiǎo zǒu gǒu pēng”, běn shì xǐng nián gēng yáoyōng zhèng yīn fèn hèndàn shì yòu yào biǎo xiàn xiào dàochù zuì zhǐ zhǐ chēng wāng jǐng zuò shī shàn shèng rén huáng dào”。 shì wāng jǐng bèi dìng chù zhǎnxiāo shǒu shì zhòng tóu zài běi jīng cài shì kǒu xiāo shì liǎo shí nián 'ér pèi hēi lóng jiāng gěi jiá rén ( mǎn zhōu jūn shì ) wéi xiōng shū zhí bèi liú fàng níng shū yuǎn qīn fán zài guān dedōu zhíjiāo yuán fāng guān guǎn shùyóu qiān lěi de rén duōwāng jǐng qiáo de píng xiàn chéng shèn zhì chuán chū chéngde yáo yán mín jīng huáng táo cuàn
  
   nián gēng yáo yòu qiān lián de hái yòu qián míng shì míng jiào zuì rén 'ànqián míng shì liàng gōngjiāng jìn rén nián gēng yáo shì xiāng shì tóng nián gài yīn 'ér yòu jiāo yōng zhèng 'èr nián (1724 nián ), quán shì de nián gēng yáo jìn jīng jìn jiànqián míng shì zèng shī sòngyòufēn shǎn jīng zhōu zhào cóng tiān jiǎo hàn jiāng jūn”、“ zhōng dǐng míng shān shìfān cáng kān 'èr bēiděng shī pěng nián de chòu jiǎonián gēng yáo shòu zhūqián míng shì dāng rán zài jié nán wén táoyōng zhèng gěi jiā de zuì míng shì jìn chǎn mèisòng yáng jiān 'è”。 dàn méi yòu shā zhǐ shì zhí zhú huí yuán què yòu shūmíng jiào zuì rén mìng qián míng shì yuán fāng guān zhì chéng biǎn 'éguà zài qián jiā zhōng táng shàng chǐ demíng jiào zuì rén dàn shǐ qián míng shì liǎn zuò rénér qiě shǐ de sūn sūn tái tóuyōng zhèng hái mìng cháng zhōu zhī jìn zhī xiàn měi yuè chū shí qián jiā chá kàn biǎn 'é xuán guà qíng xíng wèi xuán guà chéng bào xún zòu míng zhì zuìdāng qián míng shì jīng shíyōng zhèng yòu mìng jīng guān xué shìjiǔ qīng xià zuò fěng shī wéi qián míng shìzèng xíng”, jiēguǒ gòng yòu sān bǎi shí rén fèng zhào zuò shīyōng zhèng guò hòujiāo qián míng shì ji chéng zhuān wéimíng jiào zuì rén shī》, kān yìn hòu bān quán guó xué xiàoràng tiān xià shì rén rén zhī xiǎofěng shī zuò gòu wèi de jǐyǔ biǎo yáng gòu wèi de jǐyǔ chǔfènzhèng zhān shì chén wàn shī zhōng yòu :“ míng shì tóng míng shì zuìliàng gōng liàng gōng jiān” ( zhǐ nán shān 'àn de dài míng shìér nián gēng yáo liàng gōng ), cuò jiān zào xīn qiǎo dào bào jūn kuā jiǎngér hàn lín shì xiào dēng yīn shī miù wàng”, bèi pèi níng gěi jiá rén wéi zuò shī de rén dāng zhōngyòu jiào chá tíng de pàn qián míng shìbǎi nián chòu zān yīng”; yòu jiào xiè shì de pàn qián míng shì jiān zhōng bài ”; dàn shì jiǔ men jiù gēn zhe zāo yāngwáng guó zuò zhū zuò gǒuréng miǎn 'āi shì
  
   lóng duō shì de rén shì kāng xiào huáng hòu de děng gōng tóng guó wéi zhī kāng nián guān zhì jūn tǒng lǐng fān yuàn shàng shūyōng zhèng chū nián jué děng gōngshòu shàng shūjiā tài bǎolóng duō nián gēng yáo yàngshì yōng zhèng de zhòng chénméi yòu 'èr rényōng zhèng hěn nán dēng wèiyóu shì lóng duōyīn chuán zhào 'ér shǐ yōng zhèng dēng bǎogōng méidàn lóng jiàn 'ēnshǐ yōng zhèng mǎnyōng zhèng nián (1727 nián ) shí yuèlóng duō zhōng yīn cáng dié ( huáng shì zōng ) zuì shěnzhū wáng chén lóng duō fàn yòu shí tiáo zuì zhǐ yǒng yuǎn juàn jìnjiā chǎn zhuī zāng yín 'èr shòu chǔfèn niánlóng duō jìn suǒ
  
   ér lóng duō 'àn yòu guān de chá tíng 'àn jié shù lóng duō zhì zuì qián shù yuèchá tíng rùn hào héng zhè jiāng hǎi níng rénkāng shí nián (1706 nián ) jìn shìxuǎn hàn línjīng lóng duō bǎo zòu shòu nèi xué shì hòu yòu jīng zuǒ shǐ cài wáng tíng bǎo zòu shòu zuǒ shì lánggāi wén xiáng jiàn qīng chū liù jiā juàn chá shèn xíng chuányōng zhèng nián (1727 nián ) yuèàn jiàn jié shùchá tíng shīxiāo shǒuqīn huò zhǎn huò liú fàngqiān lián de jiāng guān yuán tǒng tǒng zhíchá tíng xià de yuè yōng zhèng nián (1726 nián ) shí yuèqīng tíng shè zhè jiāng guān fēng zhěng shǐzhuān zhí jiān shì shì rénzhěng dùn shì fēng ( jiē zhe dōng nán shěng xiāng shè guān fēng zhěng shǐ )。 shí yuè yòu xià zhào tíng zhǐ zhè jiāng shì rén xiāng shìhuì shì shì láng shěn jìn shàng shū yōng shuō wāngchá děng rén shǐyuè shuǐ zēng xiū shān méng chǐ”, tiáo chén zhěng dùn fēng yuē shù shì de shí tiáo jiàn yōng zhèng zhuǎn zhè jiāng xún guān fēng zhěng shǐ xíngyōng zhèng liù nián (1728 nián ) yuèjīng zhè jiāng zǒng wèi qǐng qiúyōng zhèng jiě chú tíng zhǐ xiāng huì shì de zhào lìngliǎng nián hòu chè xiāo guān fēng zhěng shǐ
  
  2. xiè shì 'àn shēng nán 'àn
  
   hòu yòu yòu xiè shì 'àn shēng nán 'ànliǎng 'àn tāi tián wén jìng cān shì jiàntián wén jìng shì jiān shēng chū shēncóng zhōu xiàn xiǎo liàn 'ér shàngyōng zhèng 'èr nián (1724 nián ) zhuó shòu nán xún zhèng lìng yán xián jiá chū shēn de guān yuán bàn shì nuò huǎnjiē lián sān yuán zhōu xiàn guān zhōng yòu xìn zhī zhōu huáng zhèn guó zuǒ shǐ cài wáng tíng suǒ jiàn
  
   yōng zhèng nián (1726 nián ), xīn shòu zhí zǒng de shàng rèn dào nántián wén jìng xún yíng sòng jiá chū shēn de rěn zhù zhǐ tián wén jìngshuō gāi yòu róu lìn shū rén shì tián wén jìng shàng shū cān yīn huáng zhèn guó děng rén tóng niánsuǒ yòu tǎn yán xià zhī shì shuō děng rén jié péng dǎng jiǔ jīng jìn jiànchén shù tián wén jìng tān nüè huáng zhèn guó děng rén yuān qíng zhuàngyōng zhèng shāo jiā diào chájiù huái děng jiá chū shēn de rén zài gǎo péng dǎng
  
   tóng nián dōngzhè jiāng dào jiān chá shǐ xiè shì shàng shū cān tián wén jìng shí zuìyōng zhèng zòu shū tuì háiér xiè shì jiān chí yào shàng shūyōng zhèng zhī xià xiè shì zhí dài xué shìjiǔ qīng dào huì shěn zhǎnyóu xiè shì suǒ suǒ nèi róng wán quán zhì wéi huáng zhèn guó míng yuānhuáng zhèn guó shì cài wáng tíng suǒ jiàncài wáng tíng guān qīn yōng zhèng shì rèn dìng zhè rén zài gǎo péng dǎngjiāng xiè shì jiǎn pèi xīn jiāng 'ā 'ěr tàicài wáng tíng jiàng wéi fèng tiān yǐn jiàng wéi gōng shì láng ( jiǔ zhí )。 shēng nán rén chū shēn jūn gōng qiān shòu xiàn zhī xiànyǐn jiàn shí bào jūn jiàn yìng duì zhì ,“ dòng guāi zhāng”, biàn kòu xià lái liú jīng xué bàn shìhòu gǎi chú gōng zhù shìzài yǐn jiàn shíyōng zhèng jiàn 'ào màn gōngsuǒ chéng zòu zhé yòu xiě yòu jīng shū zhōng huì ’、‘ cóng xiōng’, lǎoděng jué shì fěng shì mìng shēng nán zhí pèi 'ā 'ěr tài
  
   shēng nán zài 'ā 'ěr tài zhù yòutōng jiàn lùnshí piānjìng chéng shēng nán tōng jiàn lùn 'àn de huò yuányōng zhèng nián (1729 nián ) yuèzhù shǒu 'ā 'ěr tài de zhèn jiāng jūnshùn chéng jùn wáng bǎo shū shēng nántōng jiàn lùnshí piānwén zhōngkàng fèn píng zhī shèn duō lùn fēng jiàn zhī yán gèng shǔ kuáng bèixiǎn pái shí zhèng”,《 tōng jiàn lùnsuí běn jiǎo jìnyōng zhèng zòu yuè chū sān nèi duìtōng jiàn lùnzhōng dekuáng bèi lùn zhú tiáo jiā wán,“ jiāngzuì 'è qíng huànde shēng nán jiù zhèng mìng jiǔ qīnghàn zhān dào dìng shēng nán yìng zhì zhī zuìcóng guān dāng rán zūn zhǐ wéi jǐnzhè nián nián shēng nán zài 'ā 'ěr tài jūn zhōng chù xíng
  
   bǎo zài shū shēng nán de tóng shíduì xiè shì cān liǎo běnshuō xiè shì suǒ zhù běn xué zhùhuǐ bàng chéng zhūshū suí běn jiǎo shàng xiè shì zhù xué 'ànyōng zhèng guò hòu sòng nèi rèn wéi xiè shì jǐn huǐ bàng chéng zhūér qiě duì shí zhèng bàng shàn”, yóu qièchǐ zhùzhōng suǒ :“ jiàn shì fēi zhì rén zhī xìngjiāo tài shèn duō duō wèn dào:“ shì wèn xiè shìshù nián lái wèiguó jiā chén zhě shìwéi zhèn gōng jìn jiàn zhě yánzhèn suǒ zhě jiànsuǒ shì zhě fēichú chǔfèn xiè shì dǎng tóng xiàn liáng chén zhī wàishàng néng zhǐ chū 'èr shì fǒu ?” rán hòu mìng cháo chén xiè shì yìng zhì zhī zuìzhòng chén xiè shì shēng nán tóng chǔsǐ bǎo zài shā shēng nán shí xiè shì tóng bǎng xíng chǎngzuì hòu què xuān xiè shì miǎn zhī dāng shí liǎng rén shì gǎn shòu
  
  3. céng jìng liú liáng 'àn
  
   yōng zhèng liù nián (1728 nián ) jiǔ yuè 'èr shí liù bàng shǎn 'ān de tiáo jiē shàngchuān shǎn zǒng yuè zhōng zhèng chéng jiào huí shǔ rán yòu rén lán jiào tóu shūzhè jiù shì céng jìng liú liáng zhī xiáng jiàn jiāng dōng shì juàn liú liáng chuánàn jié chǔzhì liú liáng bǎo zhōng kāi guān shīxiāo shǒu shì zhòng zhōng zhǎn jué liú liáng zhū sūn qiǎn níng gěi jiá rén wéi jiā chǎn shù mòshōu liú liáng xué shēng yán hóng kuí kāi guān shīxiāo shǒu shì zhòng sūn qiǎn níng gěi jiá rén wéi xué shēng shěn zài kuān zhǎn juéhuáng 'ān ( ) shǔ zhào zhì zuìkān yìnshōu cáng liú liáng zhù zuò de chē dǐng fēng děng rén pàn zhǎn jiān hòulìng 'èr rén tóng liú fàng sān qiān wàihái yòu shí shù rén shòu zhàng ér céng jìng gòngcí chàn huǐ chéng jué shūkān hòu bān quán guó suǒ yòu xué xiàomìng jiào guān shì rèn zhēn guān lǎn xiǎo wán zhě zhì zuìyòu mìng xíng shì láng háng dài lǐng céng jìng dào jiāng zhè dài děng xuān jiǎngmìng bīng shàng shū shǐ zhí dài lǐng zhāng dào shǎn xuān jiǎngyōng zhèng céng shēng míngzhèn zhī sūn jiāng lái huǐ zhèn gōng 'ér zhuī jiū zhū ”, rán 'ér yōng zhèng shí sān nián (1735 nián ) shí yuèqián lóng wèishàng wèi gǎi yuán jiù gōng kāi fān 'ànmìng jiāng céng jìngzhāng jiě dào jīng shī shí 'èr yuè 'èr rén líng chí chǔsǐbìng liè jué wéi jìn shūyuè zhōng hòu lái yīn jìn tǎo zhǔn 'ěr shī bèi xué shì 'è 'ěr tài suǒ xià pàn zhǎn jiān hòudào qián lóng chū nián cái huò shì
  
  4. jūn 'àn
  
  《 jué zài guǎng dōng xún jiǎng shíguǎng dōng xún tài cóng zhāng gòngchēng qīn yǎng guǎng dōng wēn shān xiān shēng”, xiǎng běn shěng zhù míng xué zhě jūn hào wēng shāncāi xiǎngwēn shānshìwēng shānzhī 'é shì zhuī chá jūn suǒ zhùwēng shān wén wài》、《 wēng shān shī wàizhū shūguǒ rán xiàn zhōngduō yòu bèi zhī yǐn cáng píng zhī ”。 zhè yàngyòu zōng xiǎngbèi àn bèi jiē jūn sān shí duō nián míng hóng ( rèn huì lái xiàn jiào ) dòng dào guǎng zhōu tóu 'ànjiǎo chū qīn de shī wén zhù zuò diāo bǎnàn qíng shàng bàoxíng jūn shī xiāo shǒuyīn míng hóng shǒu miǎn jǐn jiāng míng hóng 'èr qiǎn shù jiàn jūn shī wén jìn huǐzhè jiù shì jūn 'ànxiáng jiàn lǐng nán sān jiā quánqū jūn chuán
  
   yīn chuán shuō
  
   yōng zhèng de yīn zhòng shuō fēn yún gài yòu xià zhǒng shuō
  
   qīng shì zōng shí zhāng tíng nián jìzǎi:“ yōng zhèng shí sān nián yuè 'èr shí yìn zhēn 'ǒu gǎn wéi réng zhào cháng tīng zhèngbìng zhào jiàn chén gōngèr shí bìng qíng jiā zhòngzhào cháng zhèng xué shì zhāng tíng měi jìn jiànwèi cháng jiànduànhuáng bǎo qīn wáng hóng huáng qīn wáng hóng zhòu děng zhī zhāoxī fèng shìèr shí 'èr bìng qíng 'è huàtài qiǎng jiùèr shí sān shíjìn yào xiàolóng shàng bīn。” qián hòu sān tiān suàn zhèngyìn zhēn rán 'ér guān shū zài yuán yīn shìyìn zhēn yīn zhī cháo zhòng shuō fēn yún
  
  1、 shuōyìn zhēn shì bèi niàn móu dechuán shuō niàn shì liú liáng de 'ér yòu shuō shì liú liáng de sūn dāng nián liú liáng yīn wén bèi hòu shī shì ménhuò bèi chǔsǐhuò bèi qiǎn shùdàn niàn xié táo chūyǐn xìng mái míngqián cáng mín jiān niàn bài shī qín xué liànyóu cháng jiàn shù gāo chāohòu lái niàn qiáo zhuāng gǎi bànhùn shēn gōng chéng kǎn diào yōng zhèng nǎo dàihuò shuō niàn de shī yuán shì yōng zhèng de jiàn hòu péi yǎng liǎo niànzhè mín jiān chuán shuōliú chuán 200 duō niándào 1981 niáncéng jué yōng zhèng tài líng gōngwèi kāi zuò dàn mín jiān chuán yán yōng zhèng guān cái jīng kāiyōng zhèng de yòu shī shēn 'ér shī shǒuxiǎng zhèng míng yìn zhēn zhī tóu shì bèi niàn kǎn diào dezhè xiē chuán shuōdōushì zhōng shēng yòuchún shǔ shǐ wénxué zhě rèn wéi liú liáng zhī 'àn shì ménnán lǎo yòu yán jìn néng táo jiù lián liú liáng fén jiā jiān shì néng táo tuōsuǒ niàn xíng yōng zhèng shuōshí shǔ yòujué xìn
  
  2、 èr shuōyìn zhēn shì bèi gōng dechái 'ěfàn tiān cóng jìzǎichuán shuō yōng zhèng jiǔ nián( 1731 nián), gōng huǒ tóng tàijiàn shǒu huò chéng yìn zhēn shuì shúyòng shéng shā jiāng juébèi jiù huózhè wén yuán míng shì zōng jiā jìng huáng de zhēn shí shìmíng jiā jìng 'èr shí nián( 1542 nián), gōng yáng jīn yīng děng shú shuì shéng xiàng wéi jié jué”。 tóng huǒ zhāng gōng hài páo bào gào fāng huáng hòuhuáng hòu gǎn dàojiě shéng juémìng zhào tài shēn jiù。《 míng shǐ shēn chuánjìzǎi:“ shēn diào jùn yào xià zhīchén shí xià yàowèi shí zuò shēng xuè shù shēngsuì néng yányòu shù 'ér 。” shì hòu jiāng yáng jīn yīng děng zhé( zhé) xiǎn rányōng zhèng jiā jìng de miào hào dōushìshì zōng”, zhè qīng shì zōng yōng zhèng bèi gōng shā de shìwán quán shì míng shì zōng jiā jìng bèi gōng shì de fān bǎnsuǒ gōng yōng zhèng shuōshí shǔ huā jiē zhāng guān dài
  
  3、 sān shuōyìn zhēn shì dān yào zhòngdú 'ér deyìn zhēn zài yōng zhèng nián( 1729 tài líng kǒng qiáo nián), liǎo yīcháng bìng chén shuōhuáng shàng xià 'ǒu yòu xiē wēi ”, shì shénme bìngshuō qīng chǔyìn zhēn céng xiàng xīn chén chū zhǐyào men tuī jiàn hǎo shēngdào shì:“ liú xīn fǎng wènyòu nèi wài hǎo shēng shēn xiū yǎng xìng mìng zhī rénhuò dào shìhuò jiǎng dào zhī shì jiā miàn zòu wén miàn zhe rén yōu dài sòng zhì jīng chéngzhèn yòu yòng chù。” hòu lái wèi jiàn dào shì jiǎ shì fāngdào běi jīng wéi yìn zhēn kàn bìnghòu jiāng jiǎ dào shì chǔsǐyìn zhēn duì dào shìdān yào gǎn xīng wéi yáng dào rén chóngjiàn dào yuànyìn zhēn hái céng yán qǐng dào shì zhāng tài wáng dìng qián děngdào yuán míng yuán liàn dān qiú tūn líng dān miào yàocháng shēng lǎo
  
  4、 shuōyìn zhēn shì huàn zhòngfēng 'ér dezhè zhòng yào lùn duàn yào shǐ liào zhèng míng
  
  5、 shuōyìn zhēn shì bèi cáo xuě qín zhú xiāng móu de chuánhóng lóu mèngde zuò zhě cáo xuě qínyòu liàn rén jiào zhú xiāng shì lín dài de huà shēnzhú xiāng hòu lái bèi yōng zhèng zhàn chéng wéi huáng hòucáo xuě qín xiǎng niàn liàn rénjiù zhǎo liǎo chāishi hùn gōng zhōng zhú xiāng móuyòng dān yào jiāng yōng zhèng zhè shì biān zào de shìchún shǔ zhī tán
  
   zhào wèi
  
   shǐ shàng jìzǎi dekāng zhàoquán wén xià
  
   cóng lái wáng zhī zhì tiān xiàwèi cháng jìng tiān wéi shǒu jìng tiān zhī shí zài róu yuǎn néng 'ěrxiū yǎng cāng shēnggòng hǎi zhī wéi tiān xià zhī xīn wéi xīnbǎo bāng wèi wēizhì zhì wèi luàn mèi huángwéi jiǔ yuǎn zhī guó shù jìn zhījīn zhèn nián jiè xúnzài wèi liù shí niánshí lài tiān zōng shè zhī yòufēi zhèn liáng zhī suǒ zhì guān shǐ huáng jiá jīn qiān sān bǎi shí nián gòng sān bǎi zhèn zài wèi zhī jiǔ zhě shèn shǎozhèn lín zhì 'èr shí nián shí gǎn liào zhì sān shí niánsān shí nián shí gǎn liào zhì shí niánjīn liù shí nián 。《 shàng shū * hóng fànsuǒ zài yuē shòuèr yuē sān yuē kāng níng yuē yōu hǎo yuē kǎo zhōng mìng kǎo zhōng mìng liè zhěchéng nán jīn zhèn nián dēng yòu hǎi sūn bǎi shí réntiān xià 'ān zhèn zhī yún hòu huò yòu xīn tài ránniàn láisuī gǎn wèi néng fēng jiā gěi rén shàng sān dài míng shèng zhī zhùér zhì hǎi shēng píngrén mín xiǎo xīn jìng shèn huángwèi cháng shǎo xièshù shí nián lái dān xīn jié yòu láo èr suǒ néng gài kuò qián dài wáng huò xiǎng nián yǒngshǐ lùn gài wéi jiǔ suǒ zhì jiē shū shēng hǎo wéi píngsuī chún quán jìng měi zhī jūn jué zhāi xiá zhèn jīn wéi qián dài wáng pōu bái yán zhīgài yóu tiān xià shì fán shèng láo bèi zhī suǒ zhì zhū liàng yún:“ gōng jìn cuì 'ér hòu ”, wéi rén chén zhě wéi zhū liàng néng 'ěrruò wáng zǎi jiān shèn zhòng bàng wěi chén xià suǒ chén xià shì shì zhǐ zhǐnián lǎo zhì zhèng 'ér guībào nòng sūnyóu yōu yóu shìwéi jūn zhě qín shēng liǎo xiū zhī shùn suī chēng wéi 'ér zhìrán shēn cāng chéng zàipián shǒu zhī zhōng kuàijī jiē qín láo zhèng shìxún xíng zhōu huáng níng chù wèi zhī chóng shàng wéiqīng jìng chí 。《 dùn guà liù yáowèi cháng yán rén zhù zhī shì jiàn rén zhù yuán yàn zhī tuì cáng gōng jìn cuìchéng wèi
  
   tiān xià zhī zhèng cháotài tài zōng chū tiān xià zhī xīncháng bīng jīng chéngzhū chén xián yún dāng tài zōng huáng yuēmíng cháo fēi hǎojīn zhī shèn dàn niàn zhōng guó zhī zhù rěn hòu liú zéi chéng gōng jīng chéngchóng zhēn chén mín xiāng shuài lái yíngnǎi jiǎn miè chuǎng kòu chéng tǒng chá diǎn ān zàng chóng zhēn hàn gāo shàng tíng chángmíng tài huáng jué sēngxiàng bīng gōng qín 'ér tiān xià guī hànyuán chén yǒu liàng děng fēng ér tiān xià guī míng cháo chéng xiān lièyìng tiān shùn rén yòu jiàn luàn chén zéi fēiwèi zhēn zhù chú fán wáng yòu tiān mìngyìng xiǎng shòu kǎo zhě néng shǐ zhī xiǎng shòu kǎoyìng xiǎng tài píng zhě néng shǐ zhī xiǎng tài píngzhèn yòu shū jīndào néng tōng xiǎoyòu nián shèng shínéng wān shí gōng shí sān jiànyòng bīng lín róng zhī shìjiē suǒ yōu wéirán píng shēng wèi cháng wàng shā rénpíng dìng sān fānsǎo qīng hàn běijiē chū xīn yùn chóu tǎng jīnfēi yòng shīzhèn wèi gǎn wàng fèiwèi jiē xiǎo mín gāo zhī suǒ yòu xún shòu xíng gōng shī cǎi huìměi chù suǒ fèi guò 'èr wàn jīnjiào zhī gōng suì fèi sān bǎi wàn shàng bǎi fēn zhī liáng chuàng yīng xiónghòu zhì mào niánwéi hóu jǐng suǒ suì yòu tái chéng zhī huòsuí wén kāi chuàng zhī zhù néng zhī yáng zhī 'è zhì lìng zhōngjiē yóu biàn zhī zǎo zhèn zhī sūn bǎi yòu rénzhèn nián shízhū wáng chén guān yuán jūn mín měnggǔ rén děng 'ài zhèn nián mài zhī rénjīn suī shòu zhōngzhèn yuè zhì
  
   tài huáng zhī qīn wáng wáng zhī sūnxiàn jīn 'ān quánzhèn shēn hòu 'ěr děng ruò néng xīn bǎo quánzhèn xīn rán 'ān shìyōng qīn wáng huáng yìn zhēnrén pǐn guì zhòngshēn xiào zhèn gōng néng chéng tǒngzhe zhèn dēng huáng wèi zūn zhìchí 'èr shí shì gào zhōng wàixián shǐ wén zhī
  
   kāng liù shí nián shí yuè shí sān mǎo
  
   yōng zhèng nián biǎo
  
   gōng yuán 1678 niányìn zhēn chū shēngshēng wéi xiào gōng rén huáng hòu shì。 1 suì hòuyóu guì fēi tóng jiā shì dài yǎng
  
   gōng yuán 1683 niánshī cóng dàizhāng yīng yuán mèng děng rén xué duō nián
  
   gōng yuán 1686 niányìn zhēn yìn zhīyìn réngyìn zhǐ suí jià xún xíng sài wài
  
   gōng yuán 1691 niánfèng mìng chén shì chéng hūn
  
   gōng yuán 1696 niánkāng qīn zhēng 'ěr dānyìn zhēn yìn yìn yòuyìn fēn zhǎng shí yíng
  
   gōng yuán 1698 niányìn zhēn shòu fēng bèi
  
   gōng yuán 1699 niánkāng wéi chéng hūn huáng jiàn fēn bèi hòu kuò wéi yōng wáng yōng wáng gōng
  
   gōng yuán 1702 niányìn zhēn yìn réngyìn xiáng suí jià xún xíng tái shān bìng nán xíng
  
   gōng yuán 1708 niánkāng fèi tài yìn zhēn yìn zhīyìn réngyìn yìn xiáng bèi jìn
  
   gōng yuán 1709 niányìn zhēn bèi fēng yōng qīn wáng
  
   gōng yuán 1711 niánniǔ shì shēng hóng
  
   gōng yuán 1718 niánkāng mìng yìn zhēn yìn zhǐ shuài wén bǎi guān sòng dàjiàng jūn wáng yìn shèng mén
  
   gōng yuán 1721 niánkāng liù shí qìngyìn zhēn bèi pài wǎng shèng jīng
  
   gōng yuán 1722 niánshí yuèqián wǎng tōng zhōu chá kān liáng cāng fàng tún jié qíng kuànggòng 28 tiānshí yuè jiǔ dān zhāo yìn zhēn qián wǎng chàng chūn yuánshí yuè chū shíyìn zhēn dài kāng qián tiān tán tiānshí yuè shí sānkāng jià bēngyìn zhēn jièkāng zhào》, dēng shàng wèi
  
   gōng yuán 1723 nián yuèsòng xiān wǎng zūn huà dōng língshì jiāng shí 'ā yǔn qiú zhī tānɡ shān yuètài hòu yuè chǔ hóng
  
   gōng yuán 1724 niánshí yuèshí 'ā yǔn shì bèi zhí juàn jìnshí 'èr yuèfèi tài yǔn réng bìng zhuī wéi qīn wáng
  
   gōng yuán 1725 nián yuèjiāng nián gēng yáo wǎng háng zhōujiàng wéi háng zhōu jiāng jūnshí 'èr yuè 92 tiáo zuì míng lìng nián gēng yáo cái
  
   gōng yuán 1726 niánzhēngyuè 'ā yǔn jiǔ 'ā yǔn táng chú zōng sān yuèjiāng yǔn gǎi míng 'ā yuèyǔn qiú jǐng shān guān diànliù yuèdìng yǔn zuì zhuàng 40 tiáoyǔn táng zuì 28 tiáoyǔn zuì 14 tiáo yuèyǔn táng bǎo dìng jìn suǒjiǔ yuèyǔn jìn suǒ
  
   gōng yuán 1727 niánlóng duō shā 'é tán pàn biān jìng wèn yīn shī bàihuí jīng hòu biàn bèi chāo jiāshí yuèdìng lóng duō 41 tiáo zuì
  
   gōng yuán 1728 niánliù yuèyuè zhōng zòu céng jìng 'ànzhū lián liú liáng liú liáng bèi biān shīmǎn mén chāo zhǎntóng yuèlóng duō jìn suǒ
  
   gōng yuán 1729 niánshí yuèmiǎn céng jìng bān jué 》。
  
   gōng yuán 1730 nián yuèyìn xiáng bìng shìyōng zhèng qīn lín sàng suǒ sān 'ā yìn zhǐ bìng 'āi tòng wéi yóuxuē jué juàn jìn jǐng shān
  
   gōng yuán 1733 niánèr yuèfēng hóng wéi bǎo qīn wánghóng zhòu wéi qīn wáng
  
   gōng yuán 1735 nián yuè 'èr shí sān yōng zhèng jià bēng
  
   wǎng luò zǒu hóng
  
   jīn zuì liú xíng de wǎng luò xiǎo shuō yào shù qīng chuān xiǎo shuō liǎoér qīng chuān xiǎo shuō zhōng zuì hóng de nán zhù jiù shì yōng zhèng liǎoyuán yīn hěn jiǎn dānrén jiā jiāng lái shì huáng zhǐ yào jià guò zán jiù shì niàn niànxià miànxiàng jiā tuī jiè dǎng de qīng chuān xiǎo shuō
  
   dǎng
  
  《 quán qīng tiān xià》: cóng kāng zài wèi jiān dào yìn zhēn dāng yōng zhèng huáng ér zhù jiù shì nián guì fēichāo hǎo kànqíng jié chāo hǎo kàn men de zài wén zhōng shì shuài zhí kàn 'ā
  
  《 gōng de jiǎo zhī huá yōu》: xīn de dǎng xiǎo shuō zhù zhù huá yōu shì bàn shā chū zhū liàngzhí kàn kàn
  
  《 jǐn zhēn yuán》: kàn jiù zhī dào yòu zán jiā de liǎo zhòng tóng de qīng chuān wén zhù shì de shā shǒu 'ōzhí kàngēngxīn
  
  《 dǎng》: xīn xīng de qīng chuān yuè wénxíng shì xīn yíngcǎi duō chuān yuè shèn zhì chuān yuè chéng guò fēixiǎo děng), wén qīng xīnshí nǎi qīng chuān wén zhōng duō de jiā zuò jiādōu kàn dào zhè liǎo ránzuò zhě yōu yōu qíng tiān shì dào de dǎng
  
  《 jīng xīn》: jìn jiāng qīng gōng wén sān zuò shān zhī chū xiàn de shí jiān yuē mèng huí tóng shízài wén fēng shàng mèng huí què jiǒng rán tóngzuò zhě tóng huá xiǎng yào hái yuán zhēn shí de shǐkàn zhè piān wén shí shì zhēn xīn téng miàn de ruò nìngkě bèn diǎnquè piān piān shì zhè me líng xiù de rénzhōng piān kàn wán zhī hòu nǎo shǐ zhōng huí dàng zhe cāng yāng jiā cuò de shī:“ zuì hǎo xiāng jiàn biàn xiāng 'ài 'èr zuì hǎo xiāng zhī biàn xiāng ……” tóng huá jiě jiě yīnggāi shì dǎng
  
  《 qíng qīng tiān xià》: shuō guò chén zhòng de guò hòuzài shuō diǎn qīng sōng de qíng qīng shì kàn guò de qīng gōng wén zhōng jiào 'è gǎo demíng zhū rén jīhū zài měi zhāng jié zhōng huì yòu xiē jīng diǎn de guòwén zhāng miàn shì lái cún zài de zhǒng zhǒng fēi huān de rén jīhū huān de rén yàngzhè yàng de kǒu shuǐ zhàn shì shēngmiàn duì zhè zhè qíng qīng fěn hěn nàizhǐ néng shuōměi rén xīn zhōng dōuyòu men yào zūn zhòng měi wèi zuò zhě de xīn qín láo dòngmíng zhū rén hòu 'ài dǎng míng yào shì gěi rǎn men jiù cóng dǎng chū )。
  
  《 shāng hún》: zuò zhě fàn tiān jiě jiě jǐn jǐn shì zhōng dǎngyòu shì zhù zhějiāng zhè liǎng zhě róng zài piān wén qiào 'àixíng wén sǎnwén yàng qīng xīn de jiā zuò biàn chū xiàn liǎo zhù zài shì shénme jìn míng mén guī xiùér shì kàng xiǎo bīngài guó zhàn shì fēng jiàn wáng de xiè hòuyòu huì yòu zěn yàng duàn shì shēng xiāng xìn měi guò de réndōu huì gěi chū hěn hǎo de 'àn。 
  
  《 mèng yún guī chù xún》: zuò zhě shùn 'àn hóngxiàn zài chóngxīn kāi shǐ gēngxīnwén xiě de yán měi shì xiě chū lái zhǒng gǎn juéshì xiāng de zhù jiù shì gōng què cháng gōng zhù de 'érhǎo wén …… 
  
  《 xīn zài tiān 》: zhè jiào qiángzhè kāi shǐjiù zhì bìng jiā QJ, gǎn jué gēn hěn lǎo de diàn shì xuè qíng tiān yáng jiā jiāng nèi róng yàngzuò zhě bǎi tuō zhè zhǒng yǐng xiǎng
  
  《 qīng qīng jīn》: xīn wéngēngxīn nèi róng cuò
  
  《 shí fén》: bèi shāng hài de hái huí dào qīng cháo de shìgāng kāi shǐ de shí hòu hái zhuīhòu lái liǎo shíhái zhǐ guò de kǒu wèi
  
  《 zhēn qíng tiān 》: xiě nián fēi de
  
  《 qīng》: zhù chuān dào liǎo fǎn qīng míng de jiā tíngxué liǎo hěn bàng de gōngài shàng liǎo shī liǎo jìn gōng liǎozuò zhě yún jìng shuāng diān zhǔn dǎngcóng kāi shǐ jiù shuō yào gěi zhù hǎo de jié
  
  《 qīng shāng . wèi yāng zhù rén gōng jiào zhēn zhēnyīn wéi zhuó chuān yuè qīng cháo chéng wéi zhēntóng duō qīng chuān xiǎo shuō yàng cān jiā xuǎn xiùài shàng què yóu huìtòng jié shù liǎo。。。 zhī jiān shēng míng xīn de 'ài qíngkāng hòu lái què liú xià zhào hūn yōng zhèng wèi hòu quán tiān xià de fēi zhǐ jià gěi bié rénquè zhǐ liǎo shàn zhōng de jié qíng bēi chóu gēn jīng xīnyòu yìqǔ tóng gōng zhī miàolìng rén 'ě wànshān rán lèi xià。。。
  
  《 jìn xīn jīng》: xīn wén jìn xiě zuò zhě dǎng
  
  《 zuì zhēn xīn》: 44 de , hěn gǎo xiào , dàn hěn wēn qíng
  
  《 sān shì yuán》: zhù shì qián lóng de lǎo miàn de hěn 'ài
  
  《 ài jūn mèng》: zhù shì nián jūnjiù shì nián fēi
  
  《 hún huí qīng》: zuò zhělèi 'ér zhù shì qián lóng de lǎo
  
  《 zhēn xīn zhēn cháng xiāng shǒu》: zuò zhěqiū lín cǎo zhù hěn gǎo xiàoshì piān hěn qīng sōng de qīng chuān wén nüèér qiě zuì zhēn guì de shì miàn de nián gēng yáo shì hǎo rén
  
  《 jué liàn qīng》: zuò zhějiāng nán qīng qiū yuè zhù zhāng xiàn dài quán de shēngquè yīn chā yáng cuò chuān yuè dào liǎo fēng jiàn nán quán shè huìpèng dào de hái shì shǐ shàng yòu míng de lěng miàn wáng zhù de jiān qiáng yōu zhì yǒng gǎnquè jīng dòng liǎo yǎn néng róu jìn shā de 'ā de xīnxiàn dài xiǎng fēng jiàn xiǎng zài dài yòu de pèng zhuàng men de zhù gāi cóng liǎo
  
   duō qíng de yìn xiáng de gǎn qíng yòu guī shǔ fāng běn shū yòng chuān yuè de cáitóng shí jiǎng shù liǎo qīng dài de jiǔ lóng duó zhēn xiàngjiǎng shù liǎo yōng zhèng zhī shuài de shí dàiyīcháng fēng huā xuě yuè de shìběn shū hái shè yóucān yǐnshāng děng duō lǐng shì běn ràng suí zhe zhù bēi de xiǎo shuō
  
  《 mèng zhuǎn shā chuāng xiǎo》: zuò zhěbīng zhī táo jiào guān cǎi wēirén míng jiù xiàng shēng mìng wán qiáng de huājiān qiáng tuō kǒu jǐng yóu huàyīn yuán huì chuān yuè shí kōngkuà yuè 300 niánlái dào qīng cháozhè shì lěi sēn yán de huáng gōngzhè shì gòu xīn dǒu jiǎo de shì jièzhè yòu mòmò wēn qíng


  The Yongzheng Emperor (Chinese: 雍正帝; pinyin: yōngzhèngdì; Wade–Giles: Yung Cheng Ti, Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠰᡠᠨ ᡨᠣᠪ, Hūwaliyasun Tob hūwangdi, Mongolian: Nairalt Töv Khaan; 13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), born Yinzhen (Chinese: 胤禛; pinyin: yìnzhēn; Manchu language: ᡳᠨ ᠵᡝᠨ; Möllendorff transliteration: in jen), was the fifth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty and the third Qing emperor from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force to preserve the dynasty's position. Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was known as despotic, efficient, and vigorous.
  
  Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father (the Kangxi Emperor) and his son (the Qianlong Emperor), his sudden death was probably brought about by a heavy workload. Yongzheng continued an era of peace and prosperity; he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration. During his reign the formulation of the Grand Council began, an institution which have an enormous impact on the future of imperial China.
  
  Prince YongYinzhen was the fourth son of Kangxi to survive into adulthood and the eldest son from Empress Xiaogongren, a lady of the Manchu Uya clan who was then known as De-fei. Kangxi knew it would be a mistake to raise his children inside the palace alone; therefore, exposed his sons (including Yinzhen) to the outside world and gave them a rigorous education. Yongzheng went with Kangxi on several inspection trips around the Beijing area, as well as one trip further south. He was honorary leader of the Plain Red Banner during Kangxi's second battle against the Mongol khan Gordhun. Yinzhen was made a beile (Chinese: 貝勒, "lord") in 1689 and rose to the position of second-class prince in 1698.
  
  In 1704, the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers saw unprecedented flooding. The economy and livelihood of people around these areas were severely damaged. Yongzheng was sent out as an envoy of the emperor with the 13th Imperial Prince Yinxiang to deal with relief efforts in southern China. The imperial treasury, which had been drained due to unpaid loans by many officials and nobles, did not have sufficient funds to deal with the flooding; Yongzheng had the added responsibility of securing relief funds from the wealthy southern tycoons. These efforts ensured that funds were distributed properly and people would not starve. He was given the title of first-class prince, Prince Yong (Chinese: 雍親王), in 1709.
  
   Disputed successionFurther information: Kangxi Emperor
  
  In 1712, the Kangxi Emperor removed his second son, Yinreng, as successor to the throne and did not designate an heir in his place. This led to a competition amongst sons of the Emperor for the position of crown prince. The most promising candidates were Yinzhi, Yinzhen, Yinsi, and Yinti (the third, fourth, eighth and fourteenth Imperial Princes respectively). Of the princes, Yinsi had the most support from the mandarins, but was disfavoured by Kangxi himself. Yinzhen had supported Yinreng prior to the latter's demise, and did not build a large political base until the final years of Kangxi's reign. When the Emperor died in December 1722, the field of contenders was reduced to three princes after Yinsi pledged his support to the 14th prince, Yinti.
  
  At the time of the Kangxi Emperor's death, Yinti, as border-pacification general-in-chief (Chinese: 撫遠大將軍), was at war in the northwest in what is present-day Xinjiang. Some historians believe that this implied Kangxi's favouring Yinti for succession, and was training the next emperor in military affairs; others maintain that Kangxi intended to keep Yinti a large distance away from the capital to ensure a peaceful succession for Yinzhen. It was Yinzhen who nominated Yinti for the post — not Yinsi, with whom Yinti was closely affiliated.
  
  The official record, which may have been modified by Yongzheng for political purposes, states that on 20 December 1722 the ailing Kangxi Emperor called seven of his sons and the general commandant of the Peking gendarmerie, Longkodo, to his bedside; Longkodo read the will, and declared that Yinzhen succeed the emperor on the throne. Some evidence has suggested that Yinzhen contacted Longkodo months before the will was read in preparation for his succession by military means, although in their official capacities frequent encounters were expected. Legend has it that Yongzheng changed Kangxi's will by adding strokes and modifying characters. The best-known account says that Yongzheng changed "fourteen" (Chinese: 十四 → shísì) to "four" (Chinese: 于四 → yúsì); others say it was "fourteen" to "fourth" (Chinese: 第四 → dìsì). While widely accepted, there is little supporting evidence—especially considering that the character 于 was not widely used during the Qing Dynasty; on official documents, 於 (yú) is used. Secondly, Qing tradition insists that the will was done in both Manchu and Chinese; Manchu writing, however, is more intricate and (in this case) impossible to modify. Furthermore, princes in the Qing Dynasty are referred to as "the Emperor's son", in the order which they were born (for example, "the emperor's fourth son": Chinese: 皇四子). Therefore, there is doubt that Yinzhen changed the will to ascend to the throne.
  
  
  
  18th-century Chinese painting of the Yongzheng Emperor wearing a European wig and dress, preparing to strike a tiger with a trident
  
  The Yongzheng Emperor offering sacrifices at the altar of the god of agriculture, Shennong
  
  18th-century painting of the Yongzheng Emperor in costumeYinzhen chose an era name similar in sound to his given name; 1723 was to be the first year of the Yongzheng era. For his first official act as emperor Yongzheng released his long-time ally—the 13th prince Yinxiang, who had been imprisoned by the Kangxi Emperor at the same time as the crown prince. Some sources indicate that Yinxiang, the most militant of the princes, then assembled a group of special Peking soldiers from the Fengtai command to seize immediate control of the Forbidden City and surrounding areas to prevent usurpation by Yinsi's cronies. Yongzheng's personal account stated that he was emotionally unstable and deeply saddened over his father's death, and knew it would be a burden "much too heavy" for himself if he were to succeed the throne. In addition, after the will was read Yinzhen wrote that the officials (premier Zhang Tingyu, Longkedo and Yinzhi) and Prince Cheng led the other princes in the ceremonial Three-Kneels and Nine-Salutes to the emperor. The following day Yongzheng issued an edict summoning Yinti back from Qinghai, bestowing on their mother the title "Holy Mother Empress Dowager" the day Yinti arrived at the funeral.
  
  In the first major comprehensive biography of the Yongzheng Emperor by Feng Erkang, the author puts the Yongzheng succession in perspective. Feng writes that there were some suspicious signs from the lost wills and the dates released, but the majority of evidence points to Yinzhen succeeding the throne legitimately (although with political and military maneuvering deemed necessary by the situation). The eighth prince (Yinsi) had been bribing officials for support throughout his life, and his influence penetrated the Fengtai command. Furthermore, Feng suggests that "although we are not yet altogether certain on what happened with the succession, and which side is correct, it is reasonable to think that Yongzheng's political enemies manipulated all suspicion behind the will in an attempt to put a dark image on Yongzheng; Imperial Chinese tradition had led certain schools of thought in believing that Yongzheng's whole reign can be discredited simply because his succession of the throne did not come as a will of his father, the emperor and ultimate decision maker in China." He further suggests that Kangxi made a grave mistake by allowing his sons to become major political players (especially since the position of crown prince was empty) and a bloody battle of succession (including a possible usurpation) was the inevitable result of imperial Chinese institutions. Therefore, it would be an even-bigger mistake to judge a ruler solely on the way he came to power. Certainly, the Yongzheng Emperor ensured his successor would have a smooth transition when his turn came.
  
   ReignAfter ascending to the throne in December 1722, Yinzhen took the era name "Harmonious Justice" (Chinese: 雍正 → yōngzhèng) in 1723 from his peerage title "harmonious" (Chinese: 雍 → yōng) and "just, correct, upright" (Chinese: 正 → zhèng). It has been suggested that the second character of his era name was an attempt to cover up his illegal claim to the throne by calling himself "justified". Immediately after succeeding to the throne, Yongzheng chose his new governing council. It consisted of the eighth prince Yinsi, the 13th prince Yinxiang, Zhang Tingyu, Ma Qi, and Longkodo. Yinsi was given the title of Prince Lian, and Yinxiang was given the title of Prince Yi; both held the highest positions in the land.
  
   Battle with princesThe nature of his succession is deeply clouded, and Yongzheng saw challenges in all his surviving brothers. Yinzhi, the eldest, continued to live under house arrest; Yinreng, the former crown prince, died two years into his brother's reign (although they were both imprisoned not by Yongzheng, but by Kangxi). The biggest challenge was to separate Yinsi's party (consisting of Yinsi, the ninth and tenth princes and their minions), and isolate Yinti to reduce their power. Yinsi (who had nominally held the position of President of the Feudatory Affairs Office, the title "Prince Lian" and later the office of Prime Minister) was held under close watch by Yongzheng. Yintang was sent to Qinghai under the pretext of military service, but in reality fell within Yongzheng's trusted protégé Nian Gengyao's territory. Yin'e, the tenth prince, was stripped of all his titles in May 1724 and sent north to the Shunyi area. The 14th Prince Yinti (Yongzheng's full-brother) was placed under house arrest at the Imperial Tombs under the pretext of guarding their parents' tombs. The first few years of Yongzheng's reign saw an increase in partisan politics. Yinsi wanted to use his position to manipulate Yongzheng into errors, while appearing supportive. Yinsi and Yintang (both supporters of Yinti for the throne) were stripped of their titles, languished in prison and died in 1727.
  
   Nian and LongNian Gengyao was a supporter of Yongzheng long before he succeeded to the throne. In 1722, when he was recalling his brother Yinti from the northwest, Yongzheng appointed Nian general. The situation in Xinjiang at the time was still precarious, and a strong general was needed in the area. After several military conquests, however, Nian Gengyao's lust for power grew; he reportedly wanted to be equal to Yongzheng. Seeing the situation unfold, Yongzheng issued an imperial edict demoting Nian to general of the Hangzhou Command. Continuing to be unrepentant, Nian was given an ultimatum and committed suicide by poison in 1726. Longkodo was commander of Peking's armies at the time of Yongzheng's succession. He fell in disgrace in 1728, and died under house arrest.
  
  After becoming emperor, Yongzheng suppressed writings he deemed unfavorable to his regime, particularly those with an anti-Manchu bias. Foremost among these were those of Zeng Jing, an unsuccessful degree candidate heavily influenced by 17th-century scholar Lü Liuliang. Zeng had been so affected by what he read that he attempted to incite the governor-general of Shaanxi-Sichuan, Yue Zhongqi, to rebellion. The general promptly turned him in, and in 1730 the case reached Yongzheng Emperor. Highly concerned with the implications of the case, Yongzheng had Zeng Jing brought to Beijing for trial. The emperor's verdict seemed to demonstrate a Confucian sovereign's benevolence: He ascribed Zeng's actions to the gullibility and naïveté of a youth taken in by Lü's abusive and overdrawn rhetoric. In addition to this the emperor suggested that Lü's original attack on the Manchus was misplaced, since they had been transformed by their long-term exposure to the civilizing force of Confucianism.
  
  Yongzheng is also known for establishing a strict autocracy rule during his reign. He detested corruption, and punished officials severely when they were found guilty of an offense. In 1729 he issued an edict prohibiting the smoking of madak,
   a blend of tobacco and opium. During Yongzheng's reign the Qing Dynasty became a great power in Asia as well as a peaceful land, and he enhanced the Kangqian Period of Harmony (Chinese: 康乾盛世). In response to his father's tragedy, Yongzheng created a sophisticated procedure for choosing a successor. He was known for his trust in Mandarin officials. Li Wei and Tian Wenjing governed China's southern areas, with the assistance of Ortai.
  
  "The Yongzheng Emperor Offering Sacrifice at the Xiannong Altar" in Beijing, Qing Dynasty painting
   Expansion in the northwest
  
  French map of "China and Chinese Tartary" from the Yongzheng era (1734)Like his father, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position in Outer Mongolia. When Tibet was torn by civil war in 1727–1728, he intervened militarily. After withdrawing, he left a Qing citizen (the amban) backed up with a military garrison to safeguard the dynasty's interests. For the Tibetan campaign Yongzheng sent an army of 230,000 (led by Nian Gengyao) against the Dzungars, who had an army of 80,000. Due to geography, the Qing army (although superior in numbers) was unable to engage the more-mobile enemy at first. Eventually, however, they engaged the Dzungars and defeated them. This campaign cost the treasury at least 8,000,000 taels of silver. Later in Yongzheng's reign, he would send a small army of 10,000 to fight the Dzungars. However, that army was annihilated and the Qing had faced the danger of losing control of Mongolia. Fortunately, a Khalkha ally of the Qing Dynasty would later defeat the Dzungars.
  
  Following the reforms of 1729, the treasury increased from the 1721 total of 32,622,421 taels to about 60,000,000 taels in 1730, surpassing the record set during Yongzheng's father's (the Kangxi Emperor's) regime; however, the pacification of the Qinghai area and the defense on the border areas were heavy burdens. For safeguarding the borders alone, 100,000 taels were needed each year. The total military budget was up to 10,000,000 taels a year. By the end of 1735 military spending depleted half the treasury, which totaled 33,950,000 taels. It was because of this burden that the Yongzheng Emperor considered making peace with the Dzungars.
  
   ReligionYongzheng was firmly against Christian converts among his own Manchu people. He warned them that the Manchus must follow only the Manchu way of worshipping Heaven since different peoples worshipped Heaven differently. Yongzheng stated: "The Lord of Heaven is Heaven itself.... In the empire we have a temple for honoring Heaven and sacrificing to Him. We Manchus have Tiao Tchin. The first day of every year we burn incense and paper to honor Heaven. We Manchus have our own particular rites for honoring Heaven; the Mongols, Chinese, Russians, and Europeans also have their own particular rites for honoring Heaven. I have never said that he [Urcen, a son of Sun] could not honor heaven but that everyone has his way of doing it. As a Manchu, Urcen should do it like us."
  
   Death and successionThe Yongzheng Emperor ruled the Qing Empire for thirteen years before dying suddenly in 1735 at age 56. Legend holds that he was assassinated by Lü Siniang, daughter of Lü Liuliang, whose family was (reportedly) executed for literary crimes against the Manchu Regime. Another possible reason was that he had been a lover of Lü Siniang; Lü was the real mother of Qianlong, but Yongzheng refused to allow Lü to be the queen. In reality, it is likely his death was the result of an overdose of the medication he was consuming which he believed would prolong his life. Yongzheng Emperor's family life seems to have tragic undertones. Of the 14 children born to him and his Empress and consorts, only five are known to have survived to adulthood. To prevent the succession tragedy which he had faced, he ordered his third son (Hongshi, an ally of Yinsi) to commit suicide. He also put in place a system to choose his successor in secret. Yongzheng wrote his chosen successor's name on two pieces of paper, placed one piece of paper in a box and had the box stored behind the stele in the Qianqing Palace. He then kept the other copy with him or hid it. With his passing, the ministers would compare the paper in the box and with the copy Yongzheng had.If they were deemed identical, the person whose name was on the paper would be the new emperor.
  
  His son Hongli, Prince Bao, then became the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty under the era name of Qianlong. The Yongzheng Emperor was interred in the Western Qing Tombs (Chinese: 清西陵), 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Beijing, in the Tailing (Chinese: 泰陵) mausoleum complex (known in Manchu as the Elhe Munggan).
  
   FamilyFather: Kangxi Emperor (of whom he was the fourth son)
  
  Mother: Concubine from the Manchu Uya clan (1660–1723), who became known as Empress Dowager Renshou (仁壽皇太后) when her son became emperor. She is posthumously known as Empress Xiaogongren (孝恭仁皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Gungnecuke Gosin Hūwanghu).
  
   ConsortsEmpress Xiaojingxian (孝敬憲皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Ginggun Temgetulehe Hūwanghu; 1681–1731) of the Ulanara clan.
  
  Empress Xiaoshengxian (孝聖憲皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Enduringge Temgetulehe Hūwanghu; 1693–1777) of the Niohuru clan, mother of Hongli (the Qianlong Emperor).
  
  Imperial Noble Consort Dunsu (敦肅皇貴妃; d. 1725), sister of Nian Gengyao; bore three sons and a daughter, none of whom survived.
  
  Imperial Noble Consort Chunque (純愨皇貴妃; 1689–1784) née Geng, mother of Hongzhou; daughter of Geng Degin (耿德金).
  
  Consort Qi (齊妃; d. 1737) née Li.
  
  Consort Qian (謙妃; 1714–1767) née Liu; bore Yongzheng's youngest son Hongzhan. Daughter of Liu Man (劉滿).
  
  Consort Ning (寧妃; d. 1734), née Wu, was the daughter of Wu Zhuguo (武柱國). Posthumously granted the title of Consort Ning in 1734.
  
  Imperial Concubine Mao (懋嬪; d. 1730), née Song, bore two daughters. Daughter of Jinzhu (金柱).
  
  Noble Lady Guo (郭貴人; d. 1786)
  
  Noble Lady Li (李貴人; d. 1760), née Li.
  
  Noble Lady An (安貴人; d. 1750)
  
  Noble Lady Hai (海貴人; d. 1761)
  
  Noble Lady Zhang (張貴人; d. 1735)
  
   SonsHonghui (弘暉; 1697–1704), posthumously granted title of Prince Duan of the First Rank (端親王) by the Qianlong Emperor.
  
  Hongpan (弘昐; 1697–1699)
  
  Hongyun (弘昀; 1700–1710)
  
  Hongshi (弘時; 1704–1726)
  
  Hongli (弘曆; 1711–1799), the Qianlong Emperor.
  
  Hongzhou (弘晝; 1712–1770), Prince Hegong of the First Rank (和恭親王).
  
  Fuyi (福宜; 1720–1721)
  
  Fuhui (福惠; 1721–1728), posthumously the title of Prince Huai of the First Rank (懷親王).
  
  Fupei (福沛; 1723)
  
  Hongzhan (弘瞻; 1733–1765): Prince Guogong of the Second Rank (果恭郡王).
  
   DaughtersOldest daughter (1695)
  
  Heshuo Princess Huaike (和碩懷恪公主; 1695–1717)
  
  Third daughter (1706)
  
  Fourth daughter (1715–1717)
  
  Foster daughters:
  
  Heshuo Princess Shushen (和碩淑慎公主; 1708–1784), sixth daughter of Yunreng.
  
  Heshuo Princess Hehui (和碩和惠公主; 1714–1731), fourth daughter of Yunxiang.
  
  Heshuo Princess Duanrou (和碩端柔公主; 1714–1754), eldest daughter of Yunlu (允祿).
  
   Ancestry[show]Ancestors of Yongzheng Emperor
  
  
  
  
  
   Nurhaci
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   8. Hong Taiji
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   Empress Xiaocigao
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   4. Shunzhi Emperor
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   Jaisang
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   9. Empress Xiaozhuangwen
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   Lady Mou
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   2. Kangxi Emperor
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   Tong Yangzhen
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   10. Tong Tulai
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   5. Empress Xiaokangzhang
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   1. Yinzhen, Yongzheng Emperor
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   6. Uya Weiwu
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   3. Empress Xiaogongren
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   In fiction and popular cultureThe Yongzheng Emperor is mentioned in Qing Dynasty writer Wenkang (文康)'s wuxia novel Ernü Yingxiong Zhuan (兒女英雄傳). It was adapted into the 1983 Hong Kong television series The Legend of the Unknowns (十三妹), and the 1986 Chinese film Lucky 13 (侠女十三妹).
  
  A popular legend tells of the Yongzheng Emperor's death at the hands of a female assassin Lü Siniang (呂四娘), a fictitious granddaughter (or daughter, in some accounts) of Lü Liuliang. She did so to avenge her grandfather (or father), who was wrongly put to death by Yongzheng. The legend was adapted into many films and television series.
  
  There were two legends about the origins of the Yongzheng Emperor's son and successor, the Qianlong Emperor. The first, more widely circulated in southern China, says that Qianlong is actually the son of Chen Shiguan (陳世倌), a Qing minister from Haining, Zhejiang. Shortly after birth, Qianlong was exchanged with one of Yongzheng's daughters and raised as Yongzheng's son and eventually succeeded to the throne. Wuxia writer Louis Cha (Jin Yong) adapted this legend for his novel The Book and the Sword. The second legend on Qianlong's origins, more popular in northern China, stated that during a trip to the Mulan Hunting Ground (木蘭圍場) in Rehe Province, Yongzheng had an illegitimate affair with a palace maid and they conceived a son, who would become the Qianlong Emperor.
  
  The Yongzheng Emperor is featured as an important character in Tong Hua's novel Bu Bu Jing Xin and he had a romantic relationship with the protagonist Ma'ertai Ruoxi. In 2011 the novel was adapted into the Chinese television series Scarlet Heart.
  
  The Yongzheng Emperor appears in the romance fantasy novel series Meng Hui Da Qing (梦回大清) by Yaoye (妖叶).
  
  The Yongzheng Emperor in film and television Year Region Title Type Yongzheng Emperor actor Notes
  
  1975 Hong Kong The Flying Guillotine
  
  血滴子 Film Chiang Yang Produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio
  
  1980 Hong Kong Dynasty
  
  大內群英 Television series Alex Man 57 episodes
  
  1988 Hong Kong The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty Season 2
  
  滿清十三皇朝2 Television series Wai Lit 50 episodes
  
  1994 Mainland China The Book and the Sword
  
  书剑恩仇录 Television series Liu Dagang 32 episodes
  
  1995 Hong Kong Secret Battle of the Majesty
  
  九王奪位 Television series Kwong Wa 40 episodes
  
  1996 Taiwan 雍正大帝 Television series Tou Chung-hua
  
  1997 Taiwan Legend of YungChing
  
  江湖奇俠傳 Television series Adam Cheng 58 / 59 episodes
  
  1997 Hong Kong The Hitman Chronicle
  
  大刺客 Television series Eddie Cheung 35 episodes
  
  1997 Mainland China Yongzheng Dynasty
  
  雍正王朝 Television series Tang Guoqiang 44 episodes
  
  2001 Taiwan 玉指環 Television series Chin Han alternative Chinese title 才子佳人乾隆皇
  
  2001 Mainland China Emperor Yong Zheng
  
  雍正皇帝 Television series Liu Xinyi 31 episodes
  
  2002 Mainland China Li Wei the Magistrate
  
  李卫当官 Television series Tang Guoqiang 30 episodes; also known as Li Wei Becomes an Official
  
  2002 Mainland China Jiangshan Weizhong
  
  江山为重 Television series Liu Guanxiong 31 episodes; alternative Chinese title 大清帝国
  
  2003 Mainland China Palace Painter Master Castiglione
  
  宫廷画师郎世宁 Television series Kenny Bee 24 episodes
  
  2003 Hong Kong The King of Yesterday and Tomorrow
  
  九五至尊 Television series Kwong Wa 20 episodes
  
  2004 Mainland China 36th Chamber of Southern Shaolin
  
  南少林三十六房 Television series Zhang Tielin 32 episodes
  
  2004 Mainland China Huang Taizi Mishi
  
  皇太子秘史 Television series Zhao Hongfei 32 episodes
  
  2004 Mainland China Li Wei the Magistrate 2
  
  李卫当官2 Television series Tang Guoqiang 32 episodes
  
  2005 Mainland China Shang Shu Fang
  
  上书房 Television series Kou Zhenhai 52 episodes
  
  2005 Mainland China The Juvenile Qianlong Emperor
  
  少年宝亲王 Television series Zhang Guoli 40 episodes
  
  2008 Mainland China The Book and the Sword
  
  书剑恩仇录 Television series Shen Baoping 40 episodes
  
  2010 Mainland China Hou Gong Zhen Huan Zhuan
  
  后宫甄嬛传 Television series Chen Jianbin 76 episodes
  
  2011 Mainland China Scarlet Heart
  
  步步惊心 Television series Nicky Wu 35 episodes
  
  2011 Mainland China Palace
  
  宫锁心玉 Television series Mickey He 35 episodes
  
  2012 Mainland China Palace II
  
  宫锁珠帘 Television series Mickey He 35 episodes
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