| fú lā jī mǐ 'ěr · fú lā jī mǐ luó wéi qí · pǔ jīng | |||||||
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zǎo nián shēng yá
1950 nián 10 yuè 7 rì， pǔ jīng chū shēng yú liè níng gé lè（ xiàn míng shèng bǐ dé bǎo）。 tā de zhuànjì《 dì yī rén chēng》（ é wén： ОтПервогоЛица， yīng wén bǎn míng wéi Fromthefirstperson， zài pǔ jīng de jìng xuǎn tuán duì zhī chí xià yú 2000 nián chū bǎn） miáo shù liǎo tā bēi wēi de chū shēn。 gēn jù zhè běn zhuànjì， pǔ jīng zǎo nián shēng huó zài shè tuán gōng yù zhōng， bù duàn xué xí yǐ qī yōng yòu xiàng sū lián diàn yǐng zhōng de guān yuán men yī yàng de zhì huì。
pǔ jīng de mǔ qīn mǎ lì yà · yī fán
pǔ jīng xiǎo shí hòu hěn wán pí， liù nián jí cái dāng shàng shàoxiānduì yuán。。 1975 nián， pǔ jīng bì yè yú liè níng gé lè dà xué guó jì fǎ xué xì， yōng yòu jīng jì xué fù bó shì xué wèi， suí hòu tā jiā rù liǎo kè gé bó， bìng zài liè níng gé lè qū gōng zuò。 zhè duàn shí jiān tā shú xī liǎo qí hòu dān rèn 'é luó sī guó fáng bù cháng de xiè 'ěr gài · yī wàn
chū rèn zǒng lǐ
1999 nián 8 yuè 9 rì， pǔ jīng bèi wěi rèn wéi sān wèi 'é luó sī zǒng lǐ hòu bǔ zhī yī。 zài cǐ zhī hòu， qián yī jiè zǒng lǐ lǐng dǎo de zhèng fǔ dǎo tái， é luó sī zǒng tǒng yè lì qīn zhǐ dìng pǔ jīng chū rèn zǒng lǐ。 yè lì qīn tóng shí xuān bù， tā xī wàng pǔ jīng néng gòu jì chéng tā de yī bō。 pǔ jīng yě xuān bù， tā jiē shòu yè lì qīn de wěi rèn。 8 yuè 16 rì， guó jiā dù mǎ yǐ 233 piào tōng guò pǔ jīng chū rèn zǒng lǐ（ 84 piào fǎn duì， 17 piào qì quán）。 yóu yú tā zhī qián de sì rèn zǒng lǐ zài rèn shí jiān jūn bù cháng， gōng zhòng bìng bù duì dāng shí mò mò wú wén de pǔ jīng yòu suǒ qī dài。 pǔ jīng de zhù yào duì shǒu yóu lǐ · mǐ hā yī luò wéi qí · lú rì kē fū děng rén dāng shí yǐ jīng kāi shǐ liǎo jìng xuǎn huó dòng， qiě zhì lì dǎ jī pǔ jīng， bì miǎn tā chéng wéi yè lì qīn de jì chéng rén。 rán 'ér， pǔ jīng jiān chí fǎ lǜ yǔ zhì xù de gōng zhòng xíng xiàng yǐ jí tā duì chē chén shì jiàn de jiān jué tài dù zuì zhōng shǐ tā chéng wéi liǎo hěn shòu huān yíng de zǒng tǒng hòu xuǎn rén。
pǔ jīng duì chē chén shì jiàn zì shǐ zhì zhōng dū chí qiáng yìng tài dù。 1999 nián， chē chén fēn lí zhù yì fènzǐ rù qīn lín jìn de dá jí sī tǎn gòng hé guó， pǔ jīng mǎ shàng xià lìng hái jī。 1999 nián 12 yuè 31 rì， pǔ jīng fǎng wèn liǎo chē chén de 'é luó sī guān bīng， zhè jí dà dì tí shēng liǎo tā de gōng zhòng de xíng xiàng。 jìn nián lái， pǔ jīng yǐ kè yì dàn huà liǎo chē chén shì jiàn de zhòng yào xìng。 2003 nián， chē chén xīn xiàn fǎ guī dìng chē chén shì 'é luó sī de yī bù fēn， cǐ shì fāng cái huǎn hé。 hòu lái， chē chén jiàn lì liǎo xuǎn jǔ zhì dù yǔ dì fāng zhèng fǔ， chē chén shì jiàn jīhū yǐ jīng shùn lì jiě jué。
dāng shí， pǔ jīng bìng méi yòu yǔ rèn hé dǎng pài jiàn lì zhèng shì guān xì， dàn tā zhī chí de tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng zài 1999 nián guó jiā dù mǎ dà xuǎn zhōng yíng dé liǎo 23.32% de piào shù， zài suǒ yòu dǎng pài zhōng wèi liè dì 'èr míng。 zhì cǐ， pǔ jīng yǐ chéng wéi 2000 nián 'é luó sī zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn zhōng shèng suàn zuì gāo de hòu xuǎn rén。
chéng wéi zǒng tǒng
1999 nián， pǔ jīng bèi yè lì qīn zǒng tǒng wěi rèn wéi 'é luó sī zǒng lǐ。 tóng nián 12 yuè 31 rì wǎn， yè lì qīn tū rán xuān bù cí zhí， pǔ jīng gēn jù 'é luó sī xiàn fǎ guī dìng chū rèn dài zǒng tǒng。 yīn wéi cǐ shì， yuán dìng yú 2000 nián 6 yuè jǔ xíng de 'é luó sī zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn tí qián dào 3 yuè 26 rì。 dà xuǎn de tí qián shǐ fǎn duì dǎng pài wú fǎ chōng fēn zuò hǎo zhǔn bèi， ér pǔ jīng shí jì zhǎng quán yě xuē ruò liǎo fǎn duì dǎng pài de lì liàng， yīn cǐ zài suí hòu de dà xuǎn shàng， pǔ jīng huò shèng bìng chū rèn zǒng tǒng。
pǔ jīng de xíng xiàng biàn jí 'é luó sī jiē xiàng。
2000 nián 10 yuè， pǔ jīng tōng guò liǎo 'é luó sī guó gē xiū gǎi fǎ 'àn， jiāng guó gēqǔ diào xiū gǎi wéi 1991 nián qián sū lián guó gē de qǔdiào， dàn pèi shàng liǎo bù tóng de gē cí。
2001 nián 2 yuè 12 rì， pǔ jīng qiān shǔ liǎo yī xiàng fǎ 'àn， guī dìng guó jiā bǎo hù qián zǒng tǒng yǔ tā men de jiā tíng。 zhè zhù yào shì yīn wéi 1999 nián qián zǒng tǒng yè lì qīn yǔ jiā rén bèi huái yí cānyù xǐ qián děng tān wū xíng wéi。
2004 nián 3 yuè 14 rì， pǔ jīng chéng gōng lián rèn zǒng tǒng， bìng dé dào 71% de jué duì duō shù piào。 zài tā de dì 'èr jiè zǒng tǒng rèn qī zhōng， xī fāng rén shì guǎng fàn pēng jī tā duì xīn wén zì yóu de dǎ yā。 yǔ cǐ tóng shí， 2005 nián yī xiàng diào chá xiǎn shì， 82% de 'é luó sī rén tóng yì xīn wén shěn chá。 duì zhè yī diào chá， shè huì xué jiā men rèn wéi 'é luó sī rén suǒ tóng yì de shì duì lún lǐ fāng miàn yòu zhēng yì de nèi róng jìn xíng xiàn zhì， ér fēi duì zhèng zhì nèi róng de xiàn zhì。
2004 nián 9 yuè 13 rì， zài bié sī lán rén zhì shì jiàn hòu， pǔ jīng jiàn yì chéng lì yī gè gōng kāi lì fǎ jī gòu， qiě yòng zhè yī xíng shì qǔ dài liǎo yuán běn 'é luó sī zhí jiē zhǐ dìng dì fāng guān yuán de zhì dù。 pǔ jīng yì jiā dà liǎo duì kǒng bù zhù yì de dǎ jī lì dù， yóu qí shì jiā zhòng liǎo duì zhèng fǔ guān yuán bāo bì kǒng bù fènzǐ de chéng fá。 pǔ jīng shuō， é luó sī yòu quán lì“ cóng kǒng bù fènzǐ de cáng shēn suǒ zhōng dài bǔ bìng xiāo miè tā men， qiě ruò yòu bì yào， kě yǐ zài guó wài dài bǔ。”
zhù yào yóu pǔ jīng zhī chí de tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng zài pǔ jīng rèn qī nèi yì duō cì biǎo dá duì pǔ jīng jí qí sī xiǎng de rèn tóng。 2006 nián 12 yuè， tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng dì qī cì dài biǎo dà huì tōng guò gāng lǐng wǒ men xuǎn zé de 'é luó sī， guī nà bìng shēng míng liǎo pǔ jīng sī xiǎng wéi gāi dǎng de zhǐ dǎo sī xiǎng。 zhè yī shēng míng zhōng de zhù yào zhàn lüè jūn yǔ pǔ jīng de zhèng cè yī zhì， qiě yǔ pǔ jīng de“ guó qíng zī wén” nèi róng jī běn sī xiǎng xiāng tóng。
yóu yú mù qián 'é luó sī xiàn fǎ duì zǒng tǒng rèn qī de xiàn zhì， pǔ jīng wú fǎ jì xù cānyù 2008 nián de zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn。 2007 nián， pǔ jīng zài jiē shòu bā guó jí tuán jì zhě cǎi fǎng shí rèn wéi，“ 5 dào 7 nián de zǒng tǒng rèn qī shì wán quán kě yǐ jiē shòu de”， àn shì tā kě néng tōng guò xiū gǎi xiàn fǎ yán cháng zǒng tǒng rèn qī。 qián 'é luó sī zǒng tǒng yè lì qīn yī zhí fǎn duì pǔ jīng xiū xiàn， zài 2007 nián guó jiā dù mǎ xuǎn jǔ shàng dà shèng de tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng zhù xí yě fā biǎo yì jiàn shuō， pǔ jīng bù huì xiū gǎi xiàn fǎ。
rán 'ér， xiàn fǎ bìng méi yòu xiàn zhì yī rén dāng xuǎn zǒng tǒng de cì shù， yīn cǐ pǔ jīng kě néng huì zài 2012 nián jì xù juézhú zǒng tǒng wèi zhì。 pǔ jīng yì kě zài dà xuǎn qián xuān bù cí zhí， rán hòu cānyù jìng xuǎn。 yī xiē méi tǐ hái rèn wéi， pǔ jīng kě néng xuǎn zé zhǐ dìng jiē bān rén hòu lí kāi， bìng zài mù hòu cāo zòng 'é luó sī zhèng zhì jú shì， rán 'ér， 2007 nián 2 yuè 1 rì， pǔ jīng gōng kāi fǒu rèn zhè yī kě néng。 tā shuō：“ wǒ bù huì zhǐ dìng jì chéng rén。 é luó sī lián bāng de zǒng tǒng jiāng huì tōng guò dà xuǎn gōng zhèng shēng chéng。” cǐ wài hái yòu rén rèn wéi， pǔ jīng kě néng xuǎn zé jiā rù tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng bìng chū rèn dǎng kuí， zhè yàng tā jiù huì zài guó jiā dù mǎ zhōng zhàn jù gāo wèi， jìn 'ér zhǎng wò shí quán。
2007 nián 12 yuè， tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng děng dǎng pài tuī jǔ dí mǐ tè lǐ · méi dé wéi jié fū wéi xià rèn 'é luó sī zǒng tǒng， pǔ jīng biǎo shì tóng yì。 zhè yàng， pǔ jīng xiū xiàn bìng jì xù chū rèn zǒng tǒng de jī shuài jiù biàn dé hěn xiǎo liǎo。
wài jiāo zhèng cè
zài wài jiāo fāng miàn， pǔ jīng shì tú huī fù 'é luó sī zài sū lián shí dài de chāo jí dà guó dì wèi， bìng qǔ dé liǎo yī dìng chéng gōng。 lì rú， 2007 nián mù ní hēi huì yì shàng， pǔ jīng zhǐ zé měi guó zài guó jì shì wù shàng de zhuān héng， bìng shēng chēng měi guó zài guó jì shì wù shàng“ háo bù zhē yǎn dì shǐ yòng qiáng quán”。 cǐ wài pǔ jīng hái shuō：“ méi yòu rén huì gǎn dào 'ān quán。 méi yòu rén huì rèn wéi guó jì fǎ shì yī dǔ néng bǎo hù tā men de qiáng。 měi guó de zhèng cè zhèng zài jī fā shì jiè fàn wéi nèi de jūn bèi jìng sài。”
pǔ jīng zhǐ chū， lǐ xiǎng de shì jiè zhì xù yīngshì“ yī gè gōng zhèng、 mín zhù de shì jiè zhì xù， tā néng bǎo zhèng suǒ yòu rén de 'ān quán yǔ cái fù， ér fēi dú shǎo shù rén de。” tā zài yóu kāi fā kòng zhì hé fáng zhǐ tài kōng jūn bèi zhōng qǐ dào liǎo zhòng yào de zuò yòng。 2007 nián 1 yuè， pǔ jīng zài cǎi fǎng zhōng shuō， é luó sī zhù zhāng mín zhù yǔ duō jí huà de shì jiè zhì xù， qiě zhī chí gǒng gù guó jì fǎ xì tǒng。
yǔ cǐ tóng shí， pǔ jīng lǐng dǎo xià de 'é luó sī yě hé 'ōu méng、 měi guó děng xī fāng guó jiā dì jié zhàn lüè guān xì。 yīn cǐ， é luó sī yǐ chéng wéi bā guó jí tuán de chéng yuán， qiě yú 2006 nián chū rèn zhù xí guó（ 2007 nián jiāo yóu dé guó dān rèn）。 pǔ jīng yě guān zhù yà zhōu shì wù， yóu qí guān zhù zhōng guó yǔ yìn dù de dòng xiàng。
yī xiē xī fāng zhèng zhì jiāzhǎng qī zhǐ zé pǔ jīng de jí quán zhù yì qīng xiàng。 jìn guǎn pǔ jīng yǔ měi guó qián zǒng tǒng bù shí、 yīng guó qián shǒuxiàng bù lāi 'ěr、 dé guó qián zǒng lǐ shī luó dé děng rén bǎo chí yǒu hǎo guān xì， dàn xīn rèn dé guó zǒng lǐ mò kè 'ěr yǔ pǔ jīng de guān xì bìng bù lǐ xiǎng。 2005 nián， pǔ jīng yǔ dé guó zǒng lǐ gé hā tè · shī luó dé duì 'é luó sī yǔ dé guó zhī jiān de yī tiáo tiān rán qì guǎn xiàn de jiàn zhù shì yí jìn xíng liǎo cuō shāng， tóng nián， shī luó dé cān jiā liǎo pǔ jīng zài shèng bǐ dé bǎo jǔ bàn de 53 suì shēng rì yàn huì。 rán 'ér， é luó sī yǔ yīng guó de guān xì què bù róng lè guān： 2006 nián dǐ， táo wáng yīng guó de qián 'é luó sī tè gōng lì tè wéi nián kē zhòngdú shēn wáng yī shì， jí dà dì 'è huà liǎo 'é yīng guān xì。 cǐ wài， pǔ jīng yě duō cì shì tú yǔ dú lián tǐ guó jiā jiàn lì liáng hǎo de wài jiāo guān xì。 pǔ jīng yǔ 'ōu méng、 běi yuē děng xī fāng zǔ zhì dū bǎ lā jìn yǔ zhōng、 dōng 'ōu gè guó（ yóu qí shì bō luó de hǎi gè guó） de guān xì。
zài 2004 nián wū kè lán zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn qián， pǔ jīng liǎng cì fǎng wèn wū kè lán yǐ biǎo shì tā duì wū kè lán zǒng lǐ wéi kè duō · fèi 'ào duō luó wéi qí · yà nǔ kē wéi qí de zhī chí。 zài xuǎn jǔ jiēguǒ jiē xiǎo qián， pǔ jīng hái tè dì wéi yà nǔ kē wéi qí“ jīhū kě yǐ què xìn de shèng lì” zhì hè xìn。 pǔ jīng duì yú qīn 'é luó sī de yà nǔ kē wéi qí de zhī chí bèi guǎng fàn pī píng wéi gān shè wū kè lán nèi zhèng。 cǐ wài， tóng shǔ qián sū lián de gé lǔ jí yà yǔ mó 'ěr duō wǎ hái pī píng liǎo 'é luó sī zhèng fǔ duì liǎng guó fēn lí zhù yì fènzǐ de zhī chí。 é luó sī yǔ bō luó de hǎi zhū guó de wài jiāo guān xì yì chǔyú jǐn zhāng de zhuàng tài zhōng， ér 'ài shā ní yà duì 'é luó sī de pī píng yě shǐ liǎng guó wài jiāo guān xì jìn yī bù jiāng huà。 zhí dé zhù yì de shì， pǔ jīng de fù qīn céng zài 'èr zhàn yī cì bào pò rèn wù zhōng xiǎn xiē yú 'ài shā ní yà bèi shā hài， yòu xué zhě rèn wéi zhè shì pǔ jīng duì 'ài shā ní yà tài dù lěng dàn de yī gè yuán yīn。
duì wài jūn shì zhèng cè
2001 nián， dāng jiǔ yī yī shì jiàn fā shēng shí， pǔ jīng tóng yì zài zhōng yà chéng lì hé zuò jūn shì jī dì。 zhè yī jué dìng bù jǐn shǐ 'é luó sī mín zú zhù yì rén shì gǎn dào chī jīng， yì shǐ 'é guó guó fáng bù cháng gǎn dào jīng yà。 2003 nián， pǔ jīng fǎn duì měi guó zài wèi qǔ dé lián hé guó 'ān lǐ huì shòu quán de qíng kuàng xià rù qīn yī lā kè。 kāi zhàn hòu， měi guó zǒng tǒng bù shí yào qiú qǔ xiāo duì yī lā kè de zhì cái， pǔ jīng zhī chí qǔ xiāo zhì cái， bìng rèn wéi lián hé guó yīnggāi xiān wán chéng duì yī lā kè dà guī mó shā shāng xìng wǔ qì de diào chá。
mù ní hēi jiǎng huà hòu， dà xī yáng liǎng 'àn bào fā liǎo duì pǔ jīng de tǎo lùn。 zài wèi guó zhàn zhēng shèng lì 62 zhōu nián jì niàn rì shàng， pǔ jīng shuō：“ wǒ men de wēi xié bìng wèi jiǎn tuì。 xiāng fǎn， tā men zhèng zài màn màn zhuǎn biàn， pī shàng yī céng miàn shā ── ér xīn xíng chéng de wēi xié yào zài shì jiè jiàn lì yī gè yǔ nà cuì dé guó wú yì： cǎo jiān rén mìng、 gāng bì zì yòng、 jí quán dú cái de zhèng quán。” yòu píng lùn rèn wéi， zhè shì jiāng měi guó yǔ nà cuì dé guóxiàng bǐ jiào。 zài dì 33 jiè bā guó fēng huì qián xī， bō lán zhèng zhì jiā de qī zǐ、 měi guó jì zhě 'ān nī · ài pǔ bā mǔ xiě dào：“ bù guǎn shì wēi xié yǔ 'ài shā ní yà dǎ xìn xī zhàn、 wēi xié duàn jué lì táo wǎn de zī yuán gōngjǐ， hái shì jìn yùn gé lǔ jí yà jiǔ hé bō lán ròu zī yuán， zhè yī qiēdōu yòu lì dì zhèng míng liǎo， tā（ pǔ jīng） jìn nián lái zhǔn bèi jiāng 'é luó sī de yǐng xiǎng lì kuò dà dào qián sū lián zhū jiā méng guó── ér wán quán bù gù zhè xiē guó jiā zì jǐ de gǎn shòu。 yǔ cǐ tóng shí， yī gè shì shí yě yuè lái yuè qīng chǔ： yǔ qí jiāng xī fāng guó jiā shì zuò mào yì yǔ zhèng zhì de huǒ bàn， tā gèng qīng xiàng yú yǐ lěng zhàn de lǎo sī wéi jiāng tā men shì zhī wéi yǎn zhōng dīng、 ròu zhōng cì。”
pǔ jīng cóng shǐ zhì zhōng yī zhí fǎn duì měi guó zài 'ōu zhōu jiàn lì dǎo dàn fáng yù xì tǒng de jìhuà。 wéi jǐng shì měi guó zǒng tǒng xiǎo bù shí， pǔ jīng yú 2007 nián 6 yuè 7 rì yǔ jié kè qiān shǔ xié yì， yǔn xǔ jié kè shǐ yòng 'ā sài bài jiāng de sū lián léi dá， yǐ miǎn qù lìng xíng xiū shàn de fèi yòng。 pǔ jīng yì shēng chēng yǐ zhǔn bèi hǎo chóngxiū 1985 nián de qián sū lián dǎo dàn yù jǐng xì tǒng。 jìn guǎn gè guó yù jì 'é luó sī huì zài bō lán jiàn lì lán jié xì tǒng， pǔ jīng què zhǐ chū zài bì yào qíng kuàng xià huì xún qiú běi yuē chéng yuán guó tǔ 'ěr qí yǔ yī lā kè de yuán zhù。 cǐ wài， pǔ jīng hái shēng chēng， é luó sī huì jiē shòu qí tā 'ōu zhōu guó jiā de cānyù qǐng qiú。
hé wèn tí zhèng cè
zuò wéi wéi yī yī gè céng yǔ yī lǎng jiù hé yán jiū wèn tí hé zuò de guó jiā， é luó sī bèi rèn wéi shì yī lǎng wèn tí zhōng de guān jiàn， jù yòu“ qiān yī fā 'ér dòng quán shēn” de jué dìng xìng dì wèi。 jìn guǎn 'é luó sī céng yǔ yī lǎng guān xì mìqiè， bìng shì tú lì yòng yī lǎng qiān zhì měi guó děng xī fāng guó jiā， dàn pǔ jīng bìng bù zhī chí yī lǎng hé jìhuà。 suī rán 'é luó sī bāng zhù yī lǎng jiàn shè bù shí 'ěr hé diàn zhàn， dàn yī lǎng zài hé yán jiū fāng miàn què zhù yào yǐ lài bā jī sī tǎn。 pǔ jīng bù jǐn duō cì biǎo tài bù zhī chí hé kuò sàn， qiě zài bā guó jí tuán huì yì shàng yě qiān zì fǎn duì。
ér zhì yú cháo xiān， é luó sī zài jiàn guó hòu biàn duì qí lěng dàn， zhuǎn 'ér zhī chí hán guó。 pǔ jīng shàng rèn yǐ lái， bù jǐn duō cì fǎng cháo， qiě huà jiě liǎo cháo hán zhī jiān qián zài de zhàn zhēng wēi jī。 cǐ wài， pǔ jīng céng duì cháo xiān biǎo tài， yuàn yì bāng zhù cháo xiān huǎn jiě jīng jì wèn tí。 2002 nián cháo hé wèn tí zài dù fú xiàn yǐ lái， é luó sī duō cì xún qiú jiā rù huì tán， bìng zuì zhōng rú yuàn yǐ cháng。 2006 nián， cháo xiān jìn xíng hé shì bào。 pǔ jīng zài huò xī hòu， dāng jí biǎo shì qiǎn zé cháo xiān hé shì yàn， bìng zhào jí liǎo liù guó huì yì zhōng de wǔ guó， tǎo lùn cháo hé wèn tí。 zǒng de lái jiǎng， kě yǐ shuō pǔ jīng duì hé kuò sàn wèn tí chí jiān jué fǎn duì de tài dù。
é rì lǐng tǔ wèn tí
běi fāng sì dǎo shì rì 'é tán pàn zhōng de guān jiàn diǎn。
2000 nián 1 yuè， pǔ jīng fāng cái shàng rèn 'é luó sī zǒng tǒng， biàn zhì diàn rì běn shǒuxiàng sēn xǐ lǎng， xī wàng shuāng fāng jìn hánghuì tán。 xiàn rù zhèng zhì wēi jī de sēn xǐ lǎng dāng chǎng tóng yì， xī wàng yǐ kào huì tán jiě jué liǎng guó lǐng tǔ wèn tí， huò dé zhèng zhì zī běn。 rán 'ér， pǔ jīng tài dù jiān jué， zài tóng nián 9 yuè fǎng wèn rì běn shí jù jué liǎo sēn xǐ lǎng zhí xíng chuān nài tí 'àn de yào qiú。 ér pǔ jīng tí chū xiān xíng dì jié zhōng jiān xìng tiáo yuē， yì bèi sēn xǐ lǎng jù jué。 shuāng fāng jīng guò tán pàn hòu， yú 2001 nián 3 yuè gòng tóng xuān bù tōng guò 1956 nián rì sū lián hé shēng míng。 rán 'ér， sēn xǐ lǎng nèi gé dāng shí de zhī chí shuài yǐ xià jiàng dào 9%， qiě yǐ yòu yào qiú qí xià tái de hū shēng。 tóng nián 4 yuè， yóu yú yǐ kào 'é luó sī fǎn gē yī jī de xī wàng yǐ pò miè， sēn xǐ lǎng xià tái， xiǎo quán chún yī láng jiē rèn shǒuxiàng。
2003 nián， zài duì zhōng、 cháo、 hán sān guó wài jiāo jūn bù lì de qíng kuàng xià， xiǎo quán chún yī láng jué dìng xún qiú 'é luó sī bāng zhù， jìn 'ér fǎng wèn 'é luó sī。 jìn guǎn zài zhè cì fǎng wèn zhōng， pǔ jīng biǎo tài zhī chí rì běn chéng wéi lián hé guó 'ān lǐ huì cháng rèn lǐ shì guó， dàn zài lǐng tǔ wèn tí shàng， liǎng guó réng wèi dá chéng yī zhì gòng shí。 2004 nián， zài rì běn zì mín dǎng qíng kuàng bù lì de bèi jǐng xià， xiǎo quán jué dìng zài tí lǐng tǔ wèn tí。 zhè yī cì， rì běn yǐ jué dìng jiànglǐng tǔ wèn tí zuò wéi zhù yào wèn tí tǎo lùn。 tóng nián 9 yuè 2 rì， xiǎo quán fǎng wèn běi fāng sì dǎo， zāo 'é luó sī qiáng liè kàng yì， liǎng guó wài jiāo xiàn rù jiāng jú。 11 yuè， wéi dǎ pò wài jiāo jiāng jú， é luó sī wài cháng lā fū luó fū chènyuàn zūn shǒu rì sū lián hé shēng míng， guī hái sì dǎo zhōng de liǎng gè。 pǔ jīng duì cǐ biǎo shì zàn xǔ。 yīn cǐ， pǔ jīng jué dìng zài lǐng tǔ wèn tí shàng fàng sōng， yǐ wéi fǎng rì zào shì。
rán 'ér， é luó sī yòu yì rén shì duì cǐ biǎo shì jiān jué fǎn duì。 sà hā lín dǎo mín zhòng shèn zhì zǔ zhì qǐ mín bīng， yǐ zǔ zhǐ rì běn dé dào sì dǎo。 shèn zhì yòu jí duān zhě shēng chēng， ruò 'é luó sī yào guī hái lǐng tǔ， jiāng jí huì yào qiú pǔ jīng xià tái。 rì běn duì yú 'é luó sī jǐn hái liǎng dǎo yì jí wéi bù mǎn， shèn zhì zài huí yìng shí zhǐ chēng pǔ jīng de huà quán shì“ sū lián shí qī de chén cí làn diào”。 pǔ jīng huí yìng shuō， zài rì sū lián hé shēng míng zhōng jǐn yòu guī hái 'èr dǎo de tiáo kuǎn， tā“ bù néng lǐ jiě rì běn fāng miàn de yào qiú”。 yīn cǐ zhí dào xiàn zài， é rì lǐng tǔ wèn tí shàng wèi jiě jué。
lì tè wéi nián kē shì jiàn
2007 nián 7 yuè 20 rì， yīng guó shǒuxiàng gē dēng · bù lǎng xuān bù jiāng sì míng 'é luó sī wài jiāo guān qū zhú chū jìng， lǐ yóu shì 'é luó sī jù jué jiāo chū bèi kòng móu shā lìng yī míng qián tè gōng yà lì shān dà · lì tè wéi nián kē de qián kè gé bó tè gōng 'ān dé liè · lú gē wò yī。 jìn guǎn 'é luó sī xiàn fǎ guī dìng jìn zhǐ jiāng 'é luó sī gōng mín qiǎn sòng zhì qí tā guó jiā， dàn yīng guó wàixiàng dà wèi · mǐ lì bān dé shuō：“ wéi quán 'ōu zhōu tōng jī lìng xiū gǎi xiàn fǎ bìng fēi shǐ wú qián lì， yòu yī xiē guó jiā yǐ jīng zuò guò。” zhè yī yán lùn hòu bèi 'é luó sī méi tǐ zhǐ wéi“ yīng guó shì tú yào qiú 'é guó xiū xiàn”。 gēn jù yī xiàng mín diào， 62% de 'é luó sī rén fǎn duì xiū xiàn。 duì cǐ， yīng guó zhù 'é luó sī dà shǐ tuō ní · bù lán dùn huí yìng shuō， yīng guó bìng wèi qiǎngpò 'é luó sī xiū gǎi xiàn fǎ， ér zhǐ shì wèile miáo shù qiǎn sòng lú gé wò yī de kě néng xìng。， pǔ jīng suí hòu yào qiú yīng guó guān yuán“ xiū lǐ yī xià zì jǐ de nǎo zǐ”， yòu shuō yīng guó de yào qiú shì“ zhí mín shí qī jiù sī xiǎng de yí dú”。 lì tè wéi nián kē de yī gè péng yǒu céng chēng， lì tè wéi nián kē sǐ qián zhǐ zé pǔ jīng cāo zòng móu shā 'àn。 é méi tǐ hòu zhǐ zé zhè yī yán lùn bù shí， ér pǔ jīng zé shuō：“ sǐ rén shuō de huà bù pèi bèi píng lùn。” zhè yī shì jiàn bèi shì zuò 'é yīng guān xì zì 1996 nián jiān dié shì jiàn hòu zuì dà de chōng tū。 pǔ jīng hòu yòu shuō：“ wǒ men huì dù guò zhè gè xiǎo wēi jī。 é yīng guān xì réng jiāng píng wěn qián jìn， wú lùn shì 'é guó rén hái shì yīng guó réndōu xī wàng liǎng guó guān xì jìn zǎo zhèng cháng huà。” jìn guǎn rú cǐ， tuō ní · bù lán dùn réng bèi 'é luó sī wài jiāo bù xiàn qī 10 tiān zuò chū huí yìng， é luó sī zhèng fǔ hái tíng zhǐ wéi yīng guó guān yuán bān fā qiān zhèng。 é luó sī yě tíng zhǐ liǎo yǔ yīng guó zài fǎn kǒng shàng de hé zuò。 é luó sī gōng huì zhù xí yà lì shān dà · suǒ jīn yì chēng， zài 'é tóu zī de yīng shāng jiāng huì miàn lín“ shuì wù hé tiáo lì shàng de xiàn zhì， ér qiě tā men hái huì shī qù zhèng fǔ cǎi gòu de jī huì。” yòu rén rèn wéi， móu shā 'àn de gēn yuán shì 2003 nián yīng guó xuān bù duì céng shì tú tuī fān pǔ jīng zhèng quán de 'é luó sī fù háo bào lǐ sī · bié liè zuǒ fū sī jī tí gōng de zhèng zhì bì hù， ér bié liè zuǒ fū sī jī shì lì tè wéi nián kē de zàn zhù shāng。
zhī chí
yī xiàng mín diào xiǎn shì， jié zhǐ dào 2007 nián 11 yuè， pǔ jīng de zhī chí shuài gāo dá 84%， wèi liè shì jiè dì yī。 tā de zhī chí shuài zài 1999 nián 8 yuè zhǐ yòu 31%， dàn 11 yuè shí yǐ dá 80%， cóng nà yǐ hòu zài méi yòu diē guò 65%。 fēn xī rén shì rèn wéi， pǔ jīng de gāo zhī chí shuài zhù yào lái yuán yú tā rèn qī nèi mín shēng de xiǎn zhù tí gāo hé 'é luó sī zhòng huò shì jiè fā yán quán de shì shí。 pǔ jīng huò gāo zhī chí shuài de lìng yī yuán yīn shì dà duō shù 'é luó sī rén jīng lì liǎo sū lián jiě tǐ hòu， duì xī fāng guó jiā gǎn dào jí dà de shī wàng， yīn cǐ tā men bù zài xiāng xìn qīng xī fāng de mín zhù pài zhèng zhì jiā， ér zhè xiē rén zài pǔ jīng rèn nèi yě shòu dào liǎo hěn dà de dǎ yā。 zài 'é guó zhù yào diàn shì tái nèi hěn shǎo néng kàn dào pǔ jīng fǎn duì zhě。 rán 'ér， zài dú lì méi tǐ zhōng hái shì huì yòu fǎn duì yì jiàn hé xī fāng méi tǐ de píng lùn， dà duō shù 'é luó sī dú lì méi tǐ zài dà chéng shì nèi dōuyòu guǎng fàn dú zhě。 dàn shì zài piān pì dì qū， hěn duō rén wú fǎ shōu kàn dú lì méi tǐ， yīn cǐ tā men zhǐ néng kàn dào guān fāng kǒu diào。 é luó sī zhù míng píng lùn jiā gé léi bù · pà wéi luò fū sī jī shuō， tā de diàn tái bù huì yòu pī píng pǔ jīng de yán lùn， yīn wéi tā xǐ huān pǔ jīng。
2005 nián chū， yī gè míng wéi“ nà shí”（ Наши， yì wéi“ wǒ men de guó jiā”） de qīng nián zǔ zhì zài pǔ jīng zhèng fǔ yī xiē guān yuán de cù jìn xià yú 'é luó sī chéng lì， tā de zì wǒ dìng wèi shì yī gè mín zhù fǎn fǎ xī sī zǔ zhì。 gāi zǔ zhì de yī gè zhù yào mù de shì bì miǎn 2004 nián wū kè lán chéng sè gé mìng yú 'é luó sī chóngyǎn。 gāi zǔ zhì lǐng xiù wǎ xī lǐ · yǎ kè mén kē biǎo shì，“（ pǔ jīng zhèng fǔ de） dí rén bù néng fā dòng wéi xiàn zhèng biàn。” kè lǐ mǔ lín gōng fā yán rén sài jí · mǎ 'ěr kē fū shuō：“ wǒ men de mù de shì jiàn lì yī zhǒng yī qiē wéi zǒng tǒng hé tā de mù biāo xiàn shēn de yì shí xíng tài。” duì yú“ nà shí” zǔ zhì， tā píng lùn shuō：“ tā men xī wàng 'é luó sī chéng wéi yī gè xiàn dài huà、 qiáng dà 'ér zì yóu de guó jiā …… tā men de mùdì hěn míng què， jiù shì yào zài ràng guó jiā xiàn dài huà de tóng shí bǎo cún tā de zhèng zhì zhì dù。”
pī píng
jìn guǎn 'é luó sī rén dà duō zhī chí pǔ jīng， dàn fǎn duì de shēng yīn réng rán yù xiǎng yù lì。 qīn měi pài de méi tǐ jīng cháng zhǐ zé pǔ jīng de zhèng cè yòu fǎn mín zhù de xián yí， lìng wài， pǔ jīng de gè rén chóng bài zhèng cè yě zāo dào guǎng fàn de pī píng。 yì yòu bào dào zhǐ chū pǔ jīng cāo zòng méi tǐ zhèn yā zhī chí zhě， rú qí wáng kǎ sī pà luó fū duō cì yīn kàng yì zhèng fǔ bèi bǔ。 duì cǐ， pǔ jīng huí yìng shuō：“ zài zhè gè guó jiā， yòu xiē xiàng zǒu gǒu yī yàng xiàng wài guó shǐ guǎn qǐ shí， zhǐ wàng dé dào wài guó jī jīn huì hé zhèng fǔ de zhī chí， ér bù shì yǐ kào zì jǐ de rén。”
pǔ jīng yǔ tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng zài mín diào yǔ xuǎn jǔ zhōng jūn yáo yáo lǐng xiān yú fǎn duì dǎng pài， rán 'ér zhè xiē dǎng pài jīng cháng zhǐ chū pǔ jīng jìn xíng 'àn xiāng cāo zuò、 xiū gǎi mín yì。 2007 nián guó jiā dù mǎ dà xuǎn shí， jìn guǎn pǔ jīng shēng chēng xuǎn jǔ shì“ guǎng fàn tòu míng hé chéng shí” de， dàn 'é luó sī gòng chǎn dǎng zhù xí jiǔ jiā
pǔ jīng shì tú zài liǎng jiè zǒng tǒng rèn qī mǎn hòu， jì xù bǎo chí qí quán lì， zhè yī jǔ dòng yì zhāo zhì bù mǎn。 céng yòu xiāo xī zhǐ chū， pǔ jīng kě néng xiū gǎi xiàn fǎ， yán cháng zǒng tǒng rèn qī。 é luó sī qián zǒng tǒng yè lì qīn duì cǐ biǎo shì jiān jué fǎn duì。
xī fāng rén shì de pī píng
zài xī fāng rén shì kàn lái， pǔ jīng de zhèng cè yán zhòng zǔ 'ài liǎo 'é luó sī mín zhù de fā zhǎn。 yòu xué zhě zhǐ chū， pǔ jīng de zhèng cè“ shǐ dé 'é luó sī de mín zhù qián jǐng biàn dé gèng jiā bù què dìng”。 cǐ wài， hái yòu xué zhě pī píng 'é luó sī duì chē chén zhèng cè， rèn wéi pǔ jīng jiè kǒu zhàn zhēng qīn fàn chē chén rén mín rén quán， qiě zài guó nèi gěi fǎn duì pài shī jiā yā lì。 é luó sī zài pǔ jīng shàng tái hòu xiǎn xiàn chū de zhèng fǔgàn yù shì chǎng qīng xiàng， yì lǚ cì bèi zì yóu jīng jì zhù yì zhě zhǐ zé。 zài xī fāng rén shì kàn lái， jiù suàn pǔ jīng méi yòu shòu yì zǔ zhǐ 'é mín zhù jìn bù， tā yě méi yòu jī jí dǎ jī zhè xiē zǔ 'ài。
duì yú xī fāng rén shì lái shuō， é luó sī de mín zhù wèn tí zuì tū chū de tǐ xiàn jí shì guó jiā dù mǎ dà xuǎn。 2003 nián dà xuǎn zhōng， tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng kòng zhì liǎo bàn shù yì xí， ér 'é gòng zé zāo shòu dà bài。 dào liǎo 2007 nián， é gòng gèng shì chéng wéi guó jiā dù mǎ zhōng wéi yī de fǎn duì dǎng。 xǔ duō xī fāng rén shì zhǐ chēng pǔ jīng lì yòng méi tǐ xuān chuán tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng sī xiǎng， qiě shòu yì chéng lì 'é luó sī zǔ guó dǎng， qiǎng zǒu 'é gòng de xuǎn piào。 cǐ wài， é luó sī zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn yě bèi zuò wéi 'é luó sī mín zhù xiàn zhuàng de suō yǐng。 zài 'é zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn qián， wǎng wǎng chū xiàn wú rén zhǔn bèi xuǎn jǔ de guài xiàn xiàng， shèn zhì yòu fǎn duì dǎng hūyù jù jué tóu piào。
2004 nián 1 yuè， měi guó guó wù qīng bào wēi 'ěr zài fǎng 'é shí zhǐ chū， pǔ jīng yā zhì fǎn duì dǎng pài méi tǐ， dài bǔ zhī chí fǎn duì dǎng pài de cái fá， zhè shì“ mín zhù dàotuì” de tǐ xiàn。 měi guó dà duō shù gāo guān yì chí cǐ tài dù。 yīn cǐ， jìn guǎn 'é měi guān xì biǎo miàn shàng péng bó fā zhǎn， dàn hěn duō xué zhě rèn wéi ruò pǔ jīng jìn yī bù tuī xíng quán wēi zhù yì zhèng cè， é měi guān xì zuì zhōng huì pò liè。
yì jiàn zhě yóu xíng
2006 zhì 2007 nián， lìng yī zhǒng 'é luó sī zǔ zhì fā qǐ liǎo yóu kǎ sī pà luó fū hé lì méng
jiē bān rén
2007 nián 12 yuè， dí mǐ tè lǐ · méi dé wéi jié fū bèi tǒng yī 'é luó sī dǎng děng zhèng dǎng tuī jǔ wéi pǔ jīng de jiē bān rén， pǔ jīng duì cǐ biǎo shì tóng yì。 pǔ jīng shuō：“ wǒ wán quán zhī chí zhè yī tí míng。” dà duō shù pǔ jīng de zhī chí zhě suí hòu biǎo dá jiāng jiē shòu pǔ jīng de xuǎn zé。 zài bèi pǔ jīng zhǐ dìng wéi jiē bān rén hòu， méi dé wéi jié fū rèn dǒng shì huì zhù xí de 'é luó sī tiān rán qì gōng yè gǔ fèn gōng sī gǔ jià dāng tiān shàng zhǎng 2.7%。
zài dé dào zǒng tǒng tí míng hòu， méi dé wéi jié fū biǎo shì yào tí míng pǔ jīng wéi zǒng lǐ。 méi dé wéi jié fū shuō：“ bǎo chí xiàn rèn zǒng tǒng zǔ jiàn bān zǐ de gōng zuò néng lì tóng yàng zhòng yào。 wǒ rèn wéi， pǔ jīng jì xù liú zài zhí zhèng quán lì jī guān zuì zhòng yào de zǒng lǐ wèi zhì shàng， duì wǒ men de guó jiā fēi cháng zhòng yào。” gōng zhèng 'é luó sī dǎng zhōng yāng lǐ shì huì zhù xí tuán mì shū yà lì shān dà · bā bā kē fū zé shuō：“ dāng rán， shǒu xiān yīnggāi děng dài zǒng tǒng duì méi dé wéi jié fū de jiàn yì zuò chū huí yìng。 dàn shì wǒ rèn wéi， pǔ jīng dāng zǒng lǐ duì guó jiā yòu lì。” pǔ jīng duì yú dān rèn zǒng lǐ yī shì yì céng shuō， rú guǒ zhèng dǎng néng gòu qǔ dé yā dǎo xìng de shèng lì， zì jǐ yě zhǎo dào liǎo míng fù qí shí de jiē bān rén， jiù tóng yì wèi lái chū rèn zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ。
yī wèi 'é luó sī zhèng zhì jiā rèn wéi， pǔ jīng shì tú yǐ méi dé wéi jié fū zuò chū tuǒ xié yǔ ràng bù， zài zhè zhī hòu， tā biàn kě yǐ kòngchū yī duàn shí jiān xiū zhěng。 bù yòng shuō， jiǎ shǐ pǔ jīng yuàn yì chū rèn xià jiè zǒng tǒng， méi dé wéi jié fū jiāng huì 'èr huà bù shuō jiāng jī huì gěi tā。 é gòng lǐng xiù jiǔ jiā
gè rén shēng huó
1983 nián 7 yuè 28 rì， pǔ jīng yǔ liǔ dé mǐ lā · pǔ jīng nà jié hūn。 pǔ jīng nà 1958 nián 1 yuè 6 rì shēng yú jiā lǐ níng gé lè， céng rèn kōng jiě， dāng shí shì liè níng gé lè dà xué yǔ yán xì xī bān yá yǔ de běn kē shēng。 pǔ jīng fū fù de dà nǚ 'ér mǎ lì yà · pǔ jīng nà shēng yú 1985 nián， xiǎo nǚ 'ér yè kǎ jié lín nà · pǔ jīng nà shēng yú 1986 nián。 zài pǔ jīng chū rèn zǒng lǐ qián， tā de liǎng gè nǚ 'ér jūn zài mò sī kē dé wén dà xué xué xí。
pǔ jīng de fù qīn shì yī míng“ mó fàn gòng chǎn dǎng yuán， tā jiān xìn gòng chǎn zhù yì bìng shì tú jiāng tā yìng yòng yú rì cháng shēng huó。” yóu yú tā de gòng xiàn， tā chéng wéi liǎo hé xīn dǎng yuán de mì shū， bìng zài xué xí liǎo gòng chǎn zhù yì kè chéng hòu jiā rù liǎo gōng chǎng de dǎng zhī bù。 jìn guǎn pǔ jīng de fù qīn shì yī míng wú shén lùn zhě， dàn shì tā de mǔ qīn shì yī míng jiān dìng de dōng zhèng jiào xìn tú（ dōng zhèng jiào dāng shí zhèng zài bèi sū lián zhèng fǔ dǎ yā）。 pǔ jīng de mǔ qīn bìng bù zài jiā zhōng jìn xíng zōng jiào huó dòng， dàn tā jīng cháng cānyù jiào táng huó dòng。 tā zài pǔ jīng xiǎo shí biàn jiào dǎo tā dōng zhèng jiào sī xiǎng， pǔ jīng de fù qīn jìn guǎn duì cǐ shì xīn zhī dù míng， què méi yòu jìn xíng gān shè。 1993 nián， pǔ jīng de qī zǐ zāo yù liǎo yī cì chē huò， qiě yīcháng dà huǒ shāo huǐ liǎo tā men de fáng wū。 zhè yī shì jiàn shǐ dé pǔ jīng chéng wèile yī míng dōng zhèng jiào tú。 zài tā yī cì fǎng wèn yǐ sè liè qián， tā de mǔ qīn gěi liǎo tā yī gè shí zì jià bìng zhǔ fù tā dài shàng。 hòu lái pǔ jīng huí yì shuō：“ wǒ zūn zhào tā shuō de zuò liǎo， jiāng shí zì jià dài zài liǎo bó zǐ shàng。 cóng nà yǐ hòu， wǒ zài méi zhāi diào guò tā。”
pǔ jīng zuì xǐ 'ài de yùn dòng shì róu dào。 tā zài 14 suì shí kāi shǐ liàn xí sāng bó， ěr hòu zhuǎn wéi róu dào， bìng yī zhí liàn xí zhì jīn。 pǔ jīng zài liè níng gé lè de róu dào jìng sài zhōng céng huò dé guò guànjūn。 pǔ jīng céng yǔ tā rén hé zhù yī běn míng wéi《 yǔ fú lā jī mǐ 'ěr · pǔ jīng liàn xí róu dào》 de shū， yīng yì bǎn míng wéi《 róu dào： lì shǐ、 lǐ lùn yǔ liàn xí》（ Judo:History,Theory,Practice.）。 pǔ jīng bìng fēi dì yī gè liàn xí róu dào de guó jiā lǐng dǎo rén， dàn tā zài róu dào fāng miàn qǔ dé de chéng jiù shì qí tā guó jì lǐng dǎo rén nán yǐ xiāng bǐ de。 tā mù qián shì hēi dài liù duàn， qiě hěn shàn cháng sǎo yāo shuāi。 pǔ jīng yě shì róu dào yǔ sāng bó de“ tǐ yù dà shī”（ MasterofSports， sū lián tǐ yù tóu xián zhī yī）。
gēn jù bào dào， pǔ jīng hěn xǐ 'ài shí yú。 cǐ wài， tā duì jiān kǎo lèi shí pǐn yì yòu tè bié 'àihào。
yì shì
*1988 nián 5 yuè， měi guó zǒng tǒng lǐ gēn fǎng wèn sū lián， zài mò sī kē hóng chǎng bèi pāi xià yī zhāng zhào piàn。 zài zhào piàn zhōng yòu lǐ gēn yī xíng yǔ yī dà yī shǎo liǎng míng nán yóu kè， lǐ gēn zhèng yǔ shàonián yóu kè wò shǒu。 pāi zhào de měi guó zǒng tǒng zhuān zhí shè yǐng shī pí tè shēng chēng， bó zǐ shàng guà zhe xiàngjī， zhàn zài shàonián bèi hòu de nán zǐ zhèng shì dāng shí sū lián guó jiā 'ān quán wěi yuán huì（ kè gé bó） de yào yuán、 é luó sī xiàn rèn zǒng lǐ pǔ jīng。
* zài měi guó fù zǒng tǒng qiē ní zhǐ zé pǔ jīng hòu， pǔ jīng huí dá shuō：“ nǐ men fù zǒng tǒng de yán lùn sì hū kě yǐ hé shī bài de yóu liè xiāng bǐ。”（ qiē ní céng zài dǎ liè shí wù shāng tā rén， cǐ chù bèi pǔ jīng ná lái qǔ xiào。）
* duì yú xiǎo bù shí zài dì 32 jiè bā guó fēng huì hòu jì zhě zhāo dài huì shàng pī píng 'é luó sī mín zhù wèn tí， pǔ jīng shuō：“ ràng wǒ gēn nǐ lǎo shí shuō bā， é luó sī rén yā gēn jiù bù xiǎng yào yī lā kè nà zhǒng mín zhù。”
* pǔ jīng zài pī píng měi guó jìn gōng yī lā kè hòu， yòu shuō：“ bù guò huà shuō huí lái， rú guǒ měi guó jiù cǐ pāi pì gǔ zǒu rén， ér bù zài yī lā kè jiàn lì yī gè yòu zhì xù de zhèng fǔ jī guān， nà tā jiù yòu fàn xià yī gè cuò wù liǎo。”
Throughout all of the events in Chechnya, Putin's tough stance. In 1999, Chechen separatists invaded the neighboring republic, Dagestan, Putin immediately ordered a counterattack. December 31, 1999, Putin visited the Russian soldiers in Chechnya, which greatly enhanced his public image. In recent years, Putin has deliberately played down the importance of the events in Chechnya. In 2003, the new Chechen constitution in Chechnya is part of Russia, the matter had just relaxed. Later, the Chechen electoral system was established with the local government, the Chechen events has almost resolved smoothly.
In 1999, President Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin was Russian prime minister. The evening of the same year on December 31, Yeltsin abruptly announced his resignation, according to the Russian constitution, Putin became acting president. Because the matter was scheduled in June 2000 Russian presidential election held in advance to March 26. To opposition parties ahead of elections can not be adequately prepared, while the actual power, Putin has weakened the opposition forces, so the next general election, Putin won and became president.
February 12, 2001, Putin signed a bill requiring the State to protect the former president and their families. This is mainly because 1999 years ago, President Boris Yeltsin and his family were suspected of involvement in money laundering and other corruption.
Mainly supported by the Putin United Russia party Vladimir Putin has repeatedly expressed his term of office and ideas on the recognition of Putin. December 2006, the United Russia party program adopted by the Seventh Congress of our choice of Russia, Vladimir Putin summed up and stated that the idea of the party's guiding ideology. The main strategy of this statement are consistent with the policy of Putin, and Putin's "State of the Union," the contents of the same basic idea.
December 2007, the United Russia party and other parties elected 迪米特里梅 Medvedev as the next Russian President, Vladimir Putin agreed. Thus, Putin's constitutional amendment and continue as president of the probability becomes very small the.
Putin pointed out that the ideal world order should be "a just and democratic world order, it can ensure the safety of all persons and wealth, rather than the independence of the minority." He uranium development in the prevention of space arms control and played an important effect. January 2007, Putin said in an interview, the Russian pro-democracy and the multi-polar world order, and support the consolidation of international law system.
As the only study with the issue of nuclear cooperation with Iran, the countries, Russia is considered the key issue of Iran has "indeed affect the whole body," the decisive position. Although Russia has close ties with Iran, and tried to contain Iran, the United States and other Western countries, but Putin did not support Iran's nuclear program. While Russia is helping Iran build the Bushehr nuclear power plant, but Iran in nuclear research is mainly dependent on Pakistan. Putin has repeatedly said that not only do not support nuclear proliferation, and also signed by the Group of Eight meeting of opposition.
The four northern islands is a key point in the Russo-Japanese negotiations.
However, Russia is firmly opposed to the right-wing parties. Sakhalin population, and even organized militia, to stop are the four islands of Japan. Even extreme claims that if Russia is to return the territory of the rally asked Putin to step down. Japan only has two islands to Russia is also very unhappy, even in response to Putin's words are all alleged "Soviet-era stereotypes." Putin responded that the Japanese-Soviet Joint Declaration, only to return two islands, he will "not understand the Japanese requirements." So now, the territory of Russia and Japan has not yet been resolved.
July 20, 2007, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced the expulsion of four Russian diplomats on the grounds that Russia refused to hand over accused of murder of another former agent Alexander Litvinenko's former KGB agent Andrei * Lugovoi. Although the Russian constitution prohibits the deportation of Russian citizens to other countries, but the British Foreign Secretary David Miliband said: "Europe-wide arrest warrant for the constitutional amendment is not unprecedented, some countries have done." Russian media after the speech referred to as "the British trying to ask the Russian constitution." According to a poll, 62% of Russians oppose the constitutional amendment. In response, the British Ambassador to Russia Tony Blanton responded that Britain did not compel Russia to amend the Constitution, but merely to describe the possibility of removal Lugewoyi. Putin then asked British officials to "fix some of my brain," said Britain's request is "old thinking of the legacy of the colonial period." Litvinenko, a friend once said, Litvinenko accused Putin's manipulation of the murder before he died. Russian media, the remarks after the false accusations, while Putin said: "say not deserve to be dead comment." This incident was regarded as the Russian-British relations since 1996 after the biggest spy case of conflict. Putin later said: "We will survive this little crisis. Russia and Britain ties will steadily move forward, whether the Russians or the British people want to normalize relations as soon as possible." However, Tony Brandon still 10-day deadline for the Russian Foreign Ministry responded to the Russian government has also stopped issuing visas to British officials. Russia has also stopped the British anti-terrorism co-operation. President of the Russian trade unions also known as Alexander Sorkin, British business investment in Russia would face "restrictions on taxation and regulations, and they will lose government procurement opportunities." Some people think that the root of murder 2003 the United Kingdom announced the Putin regime had tried to overthrow the Russian tycoons Boris Berezovsky to provide political asylum to Berezovsky is Litvinenko sponsors.
Support
Criticism
President Vladimir Putin tried to office after the expiry of two, to maintain its power, a move that has lead to dissatisfaction. There was news that Putin may amend the Constitution to extend the presidential term. Former Russian President Boris Yeltsin expressed strong opposition.
For Western people, Russia's democracy is the most prominent manifestation of the State Duma elections. 2003 election, United Russia party controls half the seats, while the Russian Communist Party are being defeated. By 2007, the State Duma of the Russian Communist Party is to become the only opposition party. Many Western people alleged by the media, Putin United Russia party ideas, and inspired the establishment of the Russian Motherland Party, took away the votes of the Russian Communist Party. In addition, the Russian presidential election was the status quo as the epitome of Russian democracy. Before the presidential election in Russia is often no one is prepared to elect a strange phenomenon, and even refused to vote the opposition called for.
From 2006 to 2007, and the other initiated by the Russian Garry Kasparov and Limengnuofu leading the parade. Demonstrations were many obstacles: In some cities, demonstrators by police intervention, at least 150 people were arrested; and according to a public vote, most people do not support the Russian march. At the same time, people do not really participate in the procession many EU summit in May 2007 when the procession came to an interview with reporters even more than even the protesters. Later, a reporter asked Putin what he views on the march. Putin said, the demonstrations moves "should not interfere with the normal life of the Russian people." March 3, 2007, a procession held in St. Petersburg, blocked streets, so much headache to local drivers. St. Petersburg Mayor commented: "Everyone has the right to criticize the authorities, but critics should pay attention to civilization.". Kasparov arrested at the event asked, Kasparov said Putin's speech that day mostly in English and that his words are said to Westerners to hear. In this way, Putin refers to a number of local supporters by foreign manipulation, he said: "is not against our people want us to develop the reform plan ... ... the more vulnerable they would like Russia better, they want Russia unorganized no goals, so They can be in the hands and feet behind our success. "
After obtaining the Presidential nomination, said Medvedev nominated Putin to be prime minister. Medvedev said: "The current president, forming a team working ability is equally important. I think that Putin to remain in the governing authority of the Prime Minister, the most important position, is very important to our country." Just Russia Party Central Committee Bureau of the Council Secretary Alexander Babacov said: "Of course, should first wait for the recommendations of President Medvedev to respond. But I think Putin as prime minister on national interests." Putin as prime minister for the issue have said that if party could win a landslide victory, she also found a true successor to agree to future post of prime minister.
July 28, 1983, Putin and Lyudmila Putin Na marriage. Putin Na January 6, 1958 was born in Kaliningrad, a former flight attendant, was then Leningrad University Undergraduate Spanish Language Department. Putin's wife's eldest daughter Maria was born in 1985, Putin Na, Na Putin daughter Catherine was born in 1986. Putin as prime minister before, his two daughters were in Moscow in German universities.
According to reports, Putin is like eating fish. In addition, he grilled foods, there is also love.
* In the United States Vice President Dick Cheney accused Putin, Putin replied: "Your vice president's remarks seem to be compared and failures hunting." (Cheney had shot someone in the hunting, here is Putin took to make fun of.)
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