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zǎo nián shēng yá
jìn rù zhèng tán
1832 nián,
1841 nián tā yǔ rén hé huǒ de lǜ shī shì wù suǒ zài yī lì nuò yī zhōu shǒu fǔ sī pǔ lín fěi 'ěr dé kāi zhāng。 1850 nián dài, tiě lù yǔ hé yùn gōng sī zhī jiān bào fā fǎ lǜ sù sòng,
1847 nián- 1849 nián
“ fēn liè de jiā tíng bì bù néng chí jiǔ, yī bàn nú yì yī bàn zì yóu de zhèng fǔ jué bù néng chí jiǔ。 wǒ bù xī wàng lián méng jiě tǐ, zhèng rú wǒ bù xī wàng jiā tíng kuǎ diào, suǒ yǐ wǒ díquè xī wàng bù zài fēn liè。 guó jiā jiāng cǎi qǔ yī gè zhì dù, fēi cǐ jí bǐ。 ”
1860 nián zǒng tǒng jìng xuǎn
1854 nián běi fāng gè zhōu zhù zhāng fèi chú hé xiàn zhì nú lì zhì de rén shì chéng lì liǎo gòng hé dǎng。 1860 nián
nán běi zhàn zhēng
zài 1860 nián de zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn guò chéng zhōng, suí zhe
1861 nián 4 yuè, nán kǎ luó lái nà jūn duì jìn gōng lián bāng jūn duì zài běn zhōu zhù zhā de sāng tè yào sài, dǎ xiǎng liǎo nán běi zhàn zhēng de dì yī qiāng。
1862 nián 7 yuè, guó huì tōng guò shì fàng suǒ yòu nú lì de《 dì 'èr chōng gōng fǎ 'àn》 (SecondConfiscationAct), dàn bìng wèi cóng xiàn fǎ shàng fèi chú nú lì zhì dù。 gāi fǎ 'àn de mù de shì dǎ jī nú lì zhù kòng zhì de pàn luàn zhōu。
1862 nián 9 yuè 22 rì,
zài lián bāng jūn duì jīng lì guò shù cì cuò bài hòu,
zài zhàn zhēng jìn xíng de tóng shí,
1865 nián 4 yuè 9 rì, nán fāng bāng lián jūn duì zǒng sī lìng luó bó tè · lǐ tóu jiàng, nèi zhàn jié shù。
yù cì
1865 nián 4 yuè 14 rì,
shēn xīn quē xiàn
chú cǐ zhī wài zài dāng shí de yī shēng yǐ jí xiàn dài kē xué jiā yán jiū fā xiàn,
jīng shén yí chǎn
lì shǐ xué jiā chēng huá shèng dùn wèiguó fù,
suī rán wèi céng jiē shòu gāo shēn de jiào yù,
yào shǐ wǒ men zhè gè guó jiā zài shàng dì de bǎo yòu xià dé dào zì yóu de yǒng shēng, shǐ zhè gè mín yòu、 mín zhì、 mín xiǎng de zhèng fǔ yǒng shì cháng cún。
zōng jiào tài dù
“ 《 shèng jīng》 bù shì wǒ de shū, jī dū jiào bù shì wǒ de xìn yǎng。 wǒ cóng lái bù kě néng tóng yì jī dū jiào jiào tiáo rǒng cháng fán zá de chén shù。 ”
héng JosephLewis
“ dàn shì wǒ bù néng bǎ liáng xīn de zì yóu gěi liǎo fàn dì gāng jiào huáng, hé tā de zhuī suí zhě, tiān zhù jiào tú, zhǐ yào tā men gào sù wǒ, tōng guò tā men suǒ yòu de yì shì huì、 shén xué jiā hé jiào huì fǎ guī, tā men de dào dé mìng lìng tā men yī yòu jī huì jiù shāo jiāo wǒ de qī zǐ, ě shā wǒ de hái zǐ, gē duàn wǒ de hóu lóng。 ”
tā zài běi fāng xuān bù jiě fàng hēi nú yǐ hòu, yòu yī pī mǎ lǐ lán zhōu dé dào jiě fàng de nú lì sòng gěi tā yī běn shèng jīng。 1864 nián 9 yuè 8 rì《 huá shèng dùn zǎo bào》 bào dào zhè shì, jìzǎi zhe
“ guān yú zhè běn wěi dà de shū, wǒ zhǐ néng shuō, zhè shì shàng dì cì gěi rén lèi de lǐ wù。 jiù zhù cì gěi zhè gè shì jiè suǒ yòu de hǎo chù dū jīng guò zhè běn shū chuán dá gěi liǎo wǒ men。 rú guǒ bù shì tā, wǒ men jiù wú fǎ fēn biàn shàn 'è。 suǒ yòu duì rén lèi fú zhǐ zuì xiāng guān de shì, wú lùn shì jīn tiān hái shì wèi lái, dōukě yǐ zài zhè běn shū shàng xún dào。 ”
“ bié rén xuān chēng wǒ bù shì rèn hé jiào huì de huì yǒu, zhè shì shì shí, dàn shì wǒ cóng méi yòu fǒu rèn shèng jīng de zhēn lǐ; wǒ yě cóng lái méi yòu duì rèn hé zōng jiào yòu bù jìng de yán lùn, gèng shì méi yòu huǐ bàng guò rèn hé jī dū jiào de zōng pài。 wǒ zì jǐ bù kě néng zhī chí rèn hé yī wèi cháo xiào zōng jiào, huò shì zōng jiào de gōng kāi dí rén。 ”
jì niàn dì
1867 nián, nèi bù lā sī jiā zhōu de lán kāi sī tè xiàn de xiàn zhì gǎi míng wéi
měi guó shǒu dū huá shèng dùn de
lā shí mò 'ěr guó jiā gōng yuán zhōng de sì wèi zǒng tǒng jù xíng diāo xiàng,
Lincoln closely supervised the victorious war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including Ulysses S. Grant. Historians have concluded that he handled the factions of the Republican Party well, bringing leaders of each faction into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate. Lincoln successfully defused the Trent affair, a war scare with Britain late in 1861. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war. Additionally, he managed his own reelection in the 1864 presidential election.
Copperheads and other opponents of the war criticized Lincoln for refusing to compromise on the slavery issue. Conversely, the Radical Republicans, an abolitionist faction of the Republican Party, criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery. Even with these opponents, Lincoln successfully rallied public opinion through his rhetoric and speeches; his Gettysburg Address (1863) became an iconic symbol of the nation's duty. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation. Lincoln has consistently been ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents.
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