yuèdòujié kè · wéi 'ěr qí Jack Welchzài历史大观dezuòpǐn!!! yuèdòujié kè · wéi 'ěr qí Jack Welchzài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! | |||||
杰克·韦尔奇jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí（ JackWelch） shì tōng yòng diàn qì（ GE） dǒng shì cháng jiān CEO。 zài duǎn duǎn 20 nián jiān， zhè wèi shāng jiè chuán qí rén wù shǐ GE de shì chǎng zī běn zēngzhǎng 30 duō bèi， dá dào liǎo 4500 yì měi yuán， pái míng cóng shì jiè dì 10 tí shēng dào dì 1。 tā suǒ
jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí zìzhuàn
nèi róng jiǎn jiè：
rú guǒ shuō lǐng dǎo shì mén yì shù， nà me jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí bì dìng shì wèi yì shù dà shī。 hěn shǎo yòu rén néng xiàng tā yī yàng rú cǐ chōng fēn dì yǎn yì lǐng dǎo yì shù， ér néng xiàng tā yī yàng shǐ lǐng dǎo yì shù bù duàn jié chū fēng shuò guǒ shí de rén zé shì shǎo 'ér yòu shǎo。 20 nián lái， dà gōng sī hé tā men de lǐng dǎo rén zài wú qíng de quán qiú jīng jì zhōng jiù xiàng duō mǐ nuò gǔ pái yī yào fēn fēn dǎo tā， tā què lǐng dǎo zhe GE chuàng xià yī gè jiē yī gè de shōu hé lì rùn de jì lù。 yīn cǐ wéi 'ěr qí chéng liǎo quán shì jiè qǐ yè jiā hé jīng lǐ de bǎng yàng， bìng xiǎng yòu“ quán qiú dì yī CEO” de měi yù， xiǎng shòu zhe yǔ měi guó zǒng tǒng yī yàng de zūn róng hé lǐ yù。
wéi 'ěr qí zài zhè běn zì chuán zhōng tuī xīn zhì fù、 kǎn kǎn 'ér tán， shǒu cì tòu lù liǎo tā de qīng nián suì yuè、 chéngzhǎng lì chéng jí guǎn lǐ mì mì jué， rú zhè wèi qí cái kāi chuàng liǎo yī zhǒng dú tè de guǎn lǐ mó shì， bāng zhù páng dà duō yuán de shāng yè dì guó bǎi tuō gù jí héng héng“ jīn zì tǎ” guān liáo tǐ zhì， zǒu shàng líng huó zhù dòng de dào lù……
wò tè · dí shì ní gōng sī dǒng shì cháng jiān CEO mài kè 'ěr · āi sī tè shuō：“ jié kè bù jǐn jǐn shì yī gè shāng yè jù zǐ， hái shì yī gè yòu xīn líng、 yòu líng hún、 yòu tóu nǎo de jù rén。” suǒ ní gōng sī dǒng shì cháng Nobuyuki zé zhè yàng píng jià：“ jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí zhōng yú tòu lù liǎo tā de guǎn lǐ mì jué”！
zuò zhě zì shù：
zhè yàng kāi shǐ yī piān zìzhuàn kàn qǐ lái sì hū yòu diǎn qí guài。 wǒ chéng rèn， wǒ tǎo yàn bù dé bù shǐ yòng dì yī rén chēng， yīn wéi wǒ yī shēng zhōng suǒ zuò guò de jīhū měi yī jiàn shì qíng dū yǔ tā rén yī qǐ hé zuò wán chéng de。 rán 'ér， nǐ yào xiě yī běn zhè yàng de shū， què bì xū shǐ yòng“ wǒ” lái jìn xíng miáo shù， jìn guǎn shí jì shàng tā shì yīnggāi yóu“ wǒ men” lái chéng dān de。
zài xiě zuò shí， wǒ xiǎng jìn kě néng tí jí suǒ yòu zài wǒ rén shēng lǚ tú zhōng bàn wǒ zuǒ yòu de rén míng zì。 dàn wǒ de biān ji què bù duàn dì dǎ jī wǒ， shì tú jiāng zhè xiē míng zì tī chú chū qù。 wǒ men zuì zhōng dá chéng liǎo tuǒ xié。 zhè jiù shì wèishénme shū hòu de gǎn xiè cí bǐ jiào cháng de yuán gù。 suǒ yǐ qǐng dú zhě men zhù yì， nǐ men zài shū zhōng de měi yī yè kàn dào“ wǒ” zhè gè zì de shí hòu， qǐng jiāng tā lǐ jiě wèiwǒ suǒ yòu de tóng shì hé péng yǒu， yǐ jí nà xiē wǒ kě néng yí lòu de rén men……
bèi jǐng：
wéi 'ěr qí zìzhuàn chuàng měi guó zìzhuàn tǐ bǎn quán shōu rù lì shǐ zhī zuì
liú bō jì zhě zhào míng běi jīng bào dào bèi 1999 nián cái fù zá zhì yù wéi“ shì jì jīng lǐ” de jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí bù jǐn lǐng dǎo tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī chéng wéi shì jiè shàng zuì dà de duō yuán huà gōng sī， tā běn rén de zìzhuàn yě zài zuì jìn chuàng zào liǎo měi guó chū bǎn yè de qí jì： yǐ gāo dá 700 wàn měi yuán de tiān jià mài gěi liǎo shí dài huá nà mào yì chū bǎn gōng sī， chuàng měi guó zìzhuàn tǐ bǎn quán shōu rù lì shǐ zhī zuì。
wéi 'ěr qí de zhè běn zìzhuàn yù jì míng nián chūn jì chū bǎn， shū míng shàng wèi què dìng。 jìng biāo dé zhù shí dài huá nà mào yì chū bǎn gōng sī zhù xí láo lún sī · kè sī bān shuō：“ wǒ men rèqiè qī dài zhe chū bǎn jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí de zìzhuàn。 wǒ men xiāng xìn tā yī dìng néng gòu chéng wéi shāng yè guǎn lǐ de jīng diǎn zhù zuò， shí dài huá nà mào yì chū bǎn gōng sī jiāng quán lì yǐ fù shǐ jìn liàng duō de dú zhě cóng zhè běn jù zhù zhōng huò yì。”
wéi 'ěr qí běn rén duì zhè yī zuì hòu de jìng biāo jià gé yě shāo gǎn yì wài， tā yǐ xuān bù jiāng zhè běn zìzhuàn de suǒ yòu chū bǎn shōu rù juān gěi cí shàn jī gòu。
jīn nián 64 suì de wéi 'ěr qí yú 20 nián qián jiā rù tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī。 zài tā jiù rèn shǒu xí zhí xíng guān qī jiān， lǐng dǎo tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī cóng yī gè yǐ zhì zào yè wéi zhù de qǐ yè zhuànxiàng yǐ fú wù yè hé diàn zǐ shāng wù wéi dǎo xiàng de dà xíng qǐ yè。 wéi 'ěr qí yǐ jué dìng yú míng nián chū tuì xiū， zhè běn zìzhuàn de chū bǎn jiāng shì tā yī shēng guǎn lǐ jīng yàn de jiàn zhèng。
zhāi zì《 zhōng guó jīng jì shí bào》
mù lù：
dì yī bù fēn zǎo nián suì yuè
dì yī zhāng jiàn lì zì xìn
dì 'èr zhāng tuō yíng 'ér chū
dì sān zhāng xiān diào wū dǐng
dì sì zhāng zài léi dá xià fēi xíng
dì wǔ zhāng bī jìn dà lián méng
dì liù zhāng hǎi kuò píng yú yuè
dì 'èr bù fēn jiàn lì zhé xué guān
dì qī zhāng miàn duì xiàn shí yǔ“ yáng fèng yīn wéi” '
dì bā zhāng yuǎn jiàn
dì jiǔ zhāng“ zhōng zǐ dàn” suì yuè
dì shí zhāng RCA jiāo yì
dì shí yī zhāng rén de qǐ yè
dì shí 'èr zhāng zài zào kè luó dùn wéi 'ěr， zài zào GE
dì shí sān zhāng wú biān jiè： jiāng lǐ niàn jìn xíng dào dǐ
dì shí sì zhāng shēn qián
dì sān bù fēn
dì shí wǔ zhāng shāng hǎi chén fú
dì shí liù zhāng GE zī chǎn： zēngzhǎng jī qì
dì shí qī zhāng NBC hé diàn dēng pào de jié hé
dì shí bā zhāng néng qū néng shēn
dì sì bù fēn
dì shí jiǔ zhāng quán qiú huà
dì 'èr shí zhāng chí xù zēngzhǎng de fú wù yè
dì 'èr shí yī zhāng liù xī gé mǎ de lǐ lǐ wài wài
dì 'èr shí 'èr zhāng diàn zǐ shāng wù
dì wǔ bù fēn huí gù yǔ zhǎn wàng
dì 'èr shí sān zhāng“ huí jiā bā， wéi 'ěr qí xiān shēng”
dì 'èr shí sì zhāng CEO shì gànshénme de
dì 'èr shí wǔ zhāng lái zì gāo 'ěr fū de qǐ dí
dì 'èr shí liù zhāng“ xīn rén”
míng xiè
fù lù A jīng jì xiāo tiáo zhōng de kuài sù fā zhǎn
fù lù B2001 nián C lèi huì yì rì chéng 'ān pái
fù lù C wéi 'ěr qí zhì jié fū . yī méi 'ěr tè xìn
fù lù D yè wù jīng lǐ huì yì rì chéng 'ān pái
píng fán què wěi dà de mǔ qīn
1935 nián 11 yuè 19 rì， jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí chū shēng zài měi guó mǎ sà zhū sài zhōu sà lán mǔ shì yī gè pǔ tōng de jiā tíng， fù qīn xìng gé chén wěn， yán yǔ bù duō， tā wéi bō shì dùn yǔ miǎn yīn tiě lù gōng sī gōng zuò， zǎo chū wǎn guī， suǒ yǐ péi yǎng hái zǐ de rèn wù jiù luò zài liǎo mǔ qīn de jiān shàng。 jié kè shì jiā lǐ wéi yī de hái zǐ， shēn cái 'ǎi xiǎo， hái dài diǎn kǒu chī， wèicǐ xiǎo shí hòu hěn zì bēi。
duì jié kè yǐng xiǎng zuì dà de shì mǔ qīn， suī rán tā hěn wǎn cái yòu liǎo zhè gè hái zǐ， dàn què cóng bù nì 'ài， tā zhī dào 'ér zǐ de zì bēi xīn lǐ， bìng bù dǎ jī tā， tā de guān xīn gèng zhù yào shì zhú bù tí gāo jié kè de néng lì hé yì zhì lì， jié kè fēi cháng zūn jìng nǎi zhì chóng bài mǔ qīn：“ tā shì yī wèi fēi cháng yòu quán wēi xìng de mǔ qīn， zǒng shì ràng wǒ jué dé zì jǐ shénme dōunéng gān， shì mǔ qīn xùn liàn liǎo wǒ， yào wǒ xué xí dú lì。 měi cì dāng wǒ de xíng wéi shāo yòu yuè guǐ， tā jiù yī biān zǐ bǎ wǒ chōu huí lái， dàn tōng cháng dōushì zhèng miàn 'ér qiě jiàn shè xìng de， hái néng cù shǐ wǒ zhèn zuò qǐ lái。 tā xiàng lái bù shuō shénme duō yú de huà， zǒng shì nà me jiān jué， wǒ duì tā xīn fú kǒu fú。”
jié kè dào liǎo chéng nián hái lüè dài kǒu chī， dàn mǔ qīn shuō， zhè suàn bù liǎo shénme quē xiàn， zhǐ yòu miàn duì xiàn shí， jiān chí yǔ bié rén gōu tōng， ràng bié rén liǎo jiě nǐ， cái néng zhù zǎi zì jǐ de mìng yùn， bié rén cái huì gēn nǐ zuò péng yǒu。 tā bǎ quē diǎn biàn chéng yī zhǒng jī lì， jiào huì jié kè zhèng què kàn dài zì jǐ de quē xiàn， zài cǐ zhī hòu， jié kè zài yě bù yǐ kǒu chī wéi chǐ， zhè shì zhè gè wěi dà 'ér píng cháng de mǔ qīn jǐyǔ jié kè de zuì dà cái fù。
shì shí shàng， rú guǒ nǐ zì jǐ bù zài yì， nà me nà gè quē xiàn yě jiù bù tài zhòng yào liǎo。 lüè dài kǒu chī de máo bìng bìng méi yòu zǔ 'ài jié kè de fā zhǎn， shí jì shàng zài hòu lái， zhù yì dào zhè gè ruò diǎn de rén dà dōuduì jié kè hěn jìng pèi， yīn wéi tā jìng néng kè fú zhè gè zhàng 'ài， zài shāng jiè chū lèi bá cuì。
jié kè cóng xiǎo jiù xǐ huān yùn dòng， yóu qí xǐ huān dǎ qū gùn qiú， jīng cháng dào qí tā chéng shì qù cān jiā bǐ sài。 mǔ qīn yī zhí yǐ yī zhǒng kuān sōng 'ér bāo róng de fāng shì lái jiào yù tā， tā zǒng shì bǎ jié kè sòng shàng huǒ chē， ràng tā dú zì qù cān jiā qiú sài。 zài zhōng xué de shí hòu， jié kè dāng shàng liǎo qū gùn qiú duì de duì cháng， zhè cì jīng lì ràng jié kè shòu yì fěi qiǎn， tā kāi shǐ chū bù duì lǐng dǎo zhī shù yòu liǎo yī diǎn gài niàn。
zhōng xué bì yè hòu， zhèng rú qí tā xué shēng yī yàng， jié kè xiǎng jìn rù hā fó、 yé lǔ、 sī tǎn fú zhè xiē zhù míng xué xiào， dàn shì yǔ yuàn wéi， tā zhǐ jìn liǎo mǎ sà zhū sài zhōu dà xué。 kāi shǐ shí， tā gǎn dào fēi cháng jù sàng， yóu qí shì hěn duō wǎng rì de hǎo yǒu dū dé cháng suǒ yuàn， ràng tā hěn shì bù gān， dàn mǔ qīn de“ miàn duì xiàn shí” lǐ lùn ràng tā dǎ qǐ jīng shén， dào liǎo xué xiào。
gāng jìn xué xiào méi jǐ tiān， tā de jù sàng jiù biàn chéng liǎo qìng xìng， yòu yī cì tǐ huì dào liǎo mǔ qīn de xiān jiàn zhī míng。 hòu lái， wéi 'ěr qí shuō：“ rú guǒ dāng shí wǒ xuǎn zé liǎo má shěng lǐ gōng xué yuàn， nà wǒ jiù huì bèi xī rì de huǒ bàn men jǐ yā， hěn nán yòu chū tóu zhī rì， zhèng shì zhè suǒ jiào xiǎo de zhōu lì dà xué， ràng wǒ huò dé liǎo xǔ duō zì xìn。” ér suǒ yòu de guǎn lǐ dōushì wéi rào“ zì xìn” zhǎn kāi de， rén shēng de chéng gōng yě bù lì wài。
dà xué bì yè hòu， jié kè jiē zhe gōng dú yán jiū shēng kè chéng， 1960 nián tā zài yī lì nuò yī dà xué huò dé liǎo huà gōng bó shì xué wèi， zhī hòu zài xǔ duō kě gōng xuǎn zé de gōng sī zhōng， tā bǎ tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī zuò wéi zì jǐ de dì yī fèn gōng zuò， zhí dào xiàn zài。
chéngzhǎng de guò chéng
1960 nián 10 yuè 17 rì， jié kè kāi shǐ liǎo zài tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī de zhí yè shēng yá。 tā de dì yī xiàng rèn wù shì zhǎo dào yī gè zhì zào PPO（ yī zhǒng yòng yú huà gōng de xīn cái liào） de shì fàn chǎng dì， rán hòu bǎ gōng chǎng jiàn lì qǐ lái。 zài pí cí fěi 'ěr dé de yī zuò pò bài de lóu fáng lǐ， tā yǔ lìng wài yī míng huà xué zhuān jiā wèile jiàn lì zhè zuò gōng chǎng， huā fèi liǎo xǔ duō xīn xuè hé jīng lì。
yī nián zhī hòu， zhè gè gōng chǎng zhōng yú jiàn lì qǐ lái， jié kè dé dào liǎo hěn gāo de nián dù píng yǔ。 dàn shì， ràng tā shī wàng de shì， tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī zhǐ 'àn zhào biāo zhǔn gěi tā jiā liǎo 1000 měi yuán。 yīn wéi wú lùn biǎo xiàn dé hǎo yǔ huài， měi gè réndōu huò dé liǎo tóng yàng de jiā xīn。 zài zhè yī kè， jié kè gǎn dào zhè gè gōng sī de guān liáo zhù yì shì rú cǐ yán zhòng， tǐ zhì shì rú cǐ jiāng huà， hé tā yǐ qián xiǎng xiàng de wán quán bù tóng。 yú shì， tā zhǔn bèi cí zhí， qù yī lì nuò sī zhōu guó jì kuàng wù huà xué gōng sī gōng zuò。
dāng shí， zuò wéi bù mén fù zé rén de lǔ běn · gǔ tuō fū tīng dào wéi 'ěr qí jí jiāng lí zhí de xiāo xī fēi cháng zhèn jīng， tā jué xīn bù xī yī qiē dài jià liú zhù zhè wèi yǔ zhòng bù tóng de nián qīng rén。 yú shì， tā zài gào bié yàn huì de qián yī tiān， yāo qǐng wéi 'ěr qí fū fù gòng jìn wǎn cān。 zài jiù cān zhī jì， gǔ tuō fū duì wéi 'ěr qí zhǎn kāi 4 gè xiǎo shí de shuō fú gōng shì。 tā bǎo zhèng， tā jiāng shǐ wéi 'ěr qí bù shòu guān liáo zuò fēng de jiū chán， bìng jiāng lì yòng dà gōng sī de zī yuán wéi wéi 'ěr qí chuàng lì yī gè xiǎo gōng sī de gōng zuò huán jìng。 gǔ tuō fū shuō：“ xiāng xìn wǒ， zhǐ yào wǒ zài gōng sī yī tiān， nǐ jiù néng lì yòng dà gōng sī zuì hǎo de bù fēn jìn xíng gōng zuò， zuì chā de yī bù fēn jiāng lí nǐ yuǎn yuǎn de。”
dì 'èr tiān， wéi 'ěr qí zhōng yú zuò chū liǎo kěn dìng de dá fù。 duō nián yǐ hòu， lǔ běn · gǔ tuō fū huí yì shuō， wǒ jīn shēng zuì chéng gōng de tuī xiāo jiù shì liú zhù liǎo wéi 'ěr qí， yīn wéi liú zhù liǎo wéi 'ěr qí， cái liú zhù liǎo tōng yòng jīn tiān de huī huáng。 dāng rán zhè zhǐ shì biǎo miàn xiàn xiàng， shí jì shàng， lǔ běn · gǔ tuō fū gèng dà de gōng láo shì liú zhù liǎo yī zhǒng yòng rén jī zhì。 zài zhī hòu de jǐ shí nián zhōng， wéi 'ěr qí shǐ dà gōng sī de shí lì hé xiǎo gōng sī de líng huó xìng xiāng jié hé de néng lì dé dào liǎo yàn zhèng。 gǔ tuō fū wéi wéi 'ěr qí chuàng zào liǎo zhè zhǒng huán jìng， wéi 'ěr qí yòu wéi gèng duō de rén chuàng zào liǎo zhè zhǒng huán jìng。
suí hòu jié kè chéng liǎo PPO gōng yì kāi fā xiàng mù lǐng dǎo rén， suī rán zhè zhǒng cái liào kàn shàng qù bù zěn me qǐ yǎn， bìng qiě tā hěn nán sù zào chéng xíng， suǒ yǐ shì chǎng bù wéi rén kàn hǎo。 dàn jié kè jiān chí liǎo xià qù， zhōng yú zhì chéng liǎo yī zhǒng zài gāo wēn xià jù yòu hěn gāo de qiáng dù， bìng qiě róng yì sù zào de cái liào。 zhè zhǒng sù liào zhì pǐn de shāng yè míng chēng jiào“ nuò ruì 'ěr”。
1965 nián， tōng yòng gōng sī gēn jù jié kè de jiàn yì， jué dìng tóu zī 1000 wàn měi yuán， jiàn lì yī zuò nuò ruì 'ěr jiā gōng chǎng， dàn shì“ nuò ruì 'ěr” de shì chǎng rú hé， shuídōu wú fǎ yù liào， yú shì， zài méi rén chū tóu de qíng kuàng xià， jié kè máosuí zì jiàn， chéng wéi zhè gè chǎng de fù zé rén。
jié kè fēi cháng qīng chǔ， zhè jiāng shì yīcháng jiān kǔ de zhàn dǒu， dàn tā duì nuò ruì 'ěr chōng mǎn liǎo zì xìn， dāng shí suǒ yòu de jiā yòng qì jù dōushì yòng jīn shǔ zhì zào de， yòng sù liào dài tì jīn shǔ néng shǐ chǎn pǐn biàn dé jì lián jià yòu qīng biàn， zhè jiāng chǎn shēng yī cì gé mìng。 wèile bǎo xiǎn qǐ jiàn， jié kè tuī xiāo de dì yī zhàn jiù shì tōng yòng de nèi bù chǎn yè， dàn tā mendōu duì zhè gè dà dǎn de tí fǎ jiāng xìn jiāng yí。
yú shì jié kè zài tā de gōng chǎng lǐ yòng nuò ruì 'ěr zhì zào chū liǎo diàn dòng guàn tóu qǐ zǐ。 tā bǎ qǐ zǐ xiàng rén men zhǎn shì， ràng rén men xiāng xìn， sù liào de yòng tú yuǎn bǐ rén men xiǎng xiàng de yào duō， shèn zhì kě yǐ zhì zào qì chē chē shēn hé jì suàn jī wàiqiào děng。 1968 nián， yīn wéi tuī xiāo nuò ruì 'ěr de chéng gōng， jié kè chéng wéi jù tàn suān 'àn zhī hé nuò ruì 'ěr liǎng zhǒng sù liào zhì pǐn bù mén de lǐng dǎo rén， chéng wéi tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī zuì nián qīng de yī wèi zǒng jīng lǐ。
wéi liǎo ràng zì jǐ de sù liào shì yè zǒu xiàng chéng gōng， wèile gǎi biàn rén men duì sù liào de rèn shí， jié kè yòng jìn liǎo gè zhǒng bàn fǎ， tā shǒu xiān ràng nà xiē yīng 'ér nǎi píng、 qì chē、 xiǎo qì jù yòng pǐn de zhì zào shāng men liǎo jiě， lì yòng sù liào lái zhì zào zhè xiē dōng xī， bù dàn piányí、 qīng qiǎo， ér qiě gèng jiā nài yòng。 rán hòu tā bié chū xīn cái， yòng yī zé qiǎo miào de guǎng gào lái tuī xiāo zì jǐ de chǎn pǐn： yī duì yě niú chōng jìn liǎo yī jiā cí qì yòng pǐn diàn， jiēguǒ diàn lǐ suǒ yòu de dōng xī dū shuāi dé fěn shēn suì gǔ， zhǐ yòu sù liào zhì pǐn wán hǎo wú sǔn。 zhè gè guǎng gào huò dé liǎo kōng qián de chéng gōng， jù tàn suān 'àn zhī de shǐ yòng zhōng yú yǐn fā liǎo zhì zào yè de cái liào gé mìng， měi guó xiāo fèi zhě duì zhè zhǒng bǐ jīn zhǔhè bō lí yōu diǎn gèng duō de cái liào shí fēn qīng lái， tā chéng liǎo shì jiè shàng zuì wéi zhòng yào de sù liào。 jié kè fù zé de sù liào qǐ yè shǒu cì shēng gé wéi yī gè bù jí qǐ yè。
zhè cì chéng gōng wéi jié kè de shì yè diàn dìng liǎo gēn jī。 tā shuō：“ wǒ zhè yī shēng zhōng zuì xīng fèn， tóng shí yě shì zuì zhí dé jì niàn de shí guāng， jiù shì nà duàn yǔ gōng zuò xiǎo zǔ de tóng shì men gòng tóng nǔ lì de suì yuè。”
zuì chéng gōng de jīng lǐ rén
1971 nián dǐ， jié kè chéng wéi tōng yòng huà xué yǔ yě jīn shì yè bù zǒng jīng lǐ。 dāng shí de tōng yòng zǒng cái shì léi jīn nà dé · qióng sī， zhè gè shàn cháng yú kē xué guǎn lǐ de shí yè jiā zuò shì zǒng shì yī sī bù gǒu。 qióng sī jiān chí， tiǎo xuǎn jì rèn zǒng cái bì xū jīng guò duì měi gè hòu xuǎn rén cháng qī zǎi xì de kǎo chá guò chéng， rán hòu zài lǐ xìng dì xuǎn chū zuì jù zī gé de rén xuǎn。 8 nián hòu， jié kè zhōng yú tōng guò liǎo qióng sī de màn cháng 'ér yán gé de kǎo hé， chéng wéi tōng yòng gōng sī fù dǒng shì cháng。 2 nián hòu， 1981 nián 4 yuè， jié kè chéng wéi tōng yòng diàn qì gōng sī lì shǐ shàng zuì nián qīng de dǒng shì cháng hé shǒu xí zhí xíng guān。 nà nián tā 45 suì， ér zhè jiā yǐ jīng yòu 117 nián lì shǐ de gōng sī jī gòu yōng zhǒng， děng jí sēn yán， duì shì chǎng fǎn yìng chí dùn， zài quán qiú jìng zhēng zhōng zhèng zǒu xià pō lù。
jié kè shēn zhī guān liáo zhù yì hé rǒng yuán de 'è guǒ， cóng tā dì yī nián jìn rù tōng yòng shí， tā jiù yǐ jīng cháng dào zhè zhǒng tǐ zhì de 'è guǒ， xiàn zài zhōng yú kě yǐ shí shī zì jǐ de jìhuà liǎo。 shǒu xiān， jié kè gǎi gé de jiù shì nèi bù guǎn lǐ tǐ zhì， jiǎn shǎo guǎn lǐ céng cì hé rǒng yuán， jiāng yuán lái 8 gè céng cì jiǎn dào 4 gè céng cì shèn zhì 3 gè céng cì， bìng chè huàn liǎo bù fēn gāo céng guǎn lǐ rén yuán。 cǐ hòu de jǐ nián jiān， kǎn diào liǎo 25 ％ de qǐ yè， xuē jiǎn liǎo 10 duō wàn fèn gōng zuò， jiāng 350 gè jīng yíng dān wèi cái jiǎn hé bìng chéng 13 gè zhù yào de yè wù bù mén， mài diào liǎo jià zhí jìn 100 yì měi yuán de zī chǎn， bìng xīn tiān zhì liǎo 180 yì měi yuán de zī chǎn。
dāng shí zhèng shì IBM děng dà gōng sī dà sì xuān yáng gù yuán zhōng shēn zhì de shí hòu， cóng GE nèi bù dào méi tǐ dōuduì jié kè de zuò fǎ chǎn shēng liǎo fǎn gǎn huò zhì yí， zhè shì yī gè“ yōu xiù” de qǐ yè yīnggāi zuò de má？ tā shì bù shì fēng diào liǎo？ yīn wéi tài guò yú qiáng yìng de tiě wàn cái yuán， jié kè bèi rén qì fèn dì guànyǐ“ zhōng zǐ dàn jié kè” de chuò hào。
zhè jiù shì jié kè de jīng yíng lǐ niàn héng héng shǔyīshǔ 'èr shì chǎng yuán zé， zài quán qiú jìng zhēng jī liè de shì chǎng zhōng， zhǐ yòu zài shì chǎng shàng lǐng xiān duì shǒu de qǐ yè， cái néng lì yú bù bài zhī dì。 rèn hé shì yè bù mén cún zài de tiáo jiàn shì zài shì chǎng shàng“ shǔyīshǔ 'èr”， fǒu zé jiù yào bèi kǎn diào héng héng zhěng dùn、 guān bì huò chū shòu。
jìng zhēng， duì jié kè 'ér yán， yǐ bù zhǐ shì huò qǔ chéng gōng de bì yóu zhī lù， tā gèng shì yī zhǒng měi tiān chí xù bù duàn de gōng zuò zhuàng tài。 jìng zhēng yuè jī liè， tā de shēng huó jiù yuè shì chōng shí。 tā rèn wéi：“ wǒ men měi tiān dōuzài quán qiú jìng zhēng zhàn chǎng de dāo guāng jiàn yǐng zhōng gōng zuò。 ér qiě zài měi yī huí hé de dǎ dǒu zhī jiān， shèn zhì méi yòu piàn kè shí jiān xiū xī。”
méi yòu jìng zhēng， jiù bù huì yòu fā zhǎn。 bù jǐn jǐn guó jiā jīng jì shì zhè yàng， yī gè hángyè、 yī gè qǐ yè nǎi zhì yī gè réndōu shì rú cǐ。 jié kè fēi cháng míng bái zhè yī diǎn， cái huì yòu nà yàng dà dāo kuò fǔ de gǎi gé。 shì chǎng biàn huà duō duān， méi yòu yī gè qǐ yè néng gòu chéng wéi 'ān quán de jiù yè tiān táng， chú fēi tā néng zài shì chǎng jìng zhēng zhōng huò shèng。 ràng jié kè zì háo de shì：“ zài GE， wǒ bù néng bǎo zhèng měi gè réndōu néng zhōng shēn jiù yè， dàn néng bǎo zhèng ràng tā men huò dé zhōng shēn de jiù yè néng lì。”
zài guǎn lǐ shàng， jié kè gèng shì dú chuàng liǎo xǔ duō fāng fǎ， zuì wéi zhù míng de mò guò yú“ jù huì”、“ tū rán shì chá”、“ shǒu xiě biàn tiáo” liǎo。 jié kè dǒng dé“ tū rán” xíng dòng de jià zhí。 tā měi zhōu dū tū rán shì chá gōng chǎng hé bàn gōng shì， cōng cōng 'ān pái yǔ bǐ tā dī hǎo jǐ jí de jīng lǐ gòng jìn wǔ cān， wú shù cì xiàng gōng sī yuán gōng tū rán fā chū shǒu xiě de zhěng jié xǐng mùdì biàn tiáo。 suǒ yòu zhè yī qiēdōu ràng rén men gǎn shòu dào tā de lǐng dǎo bìng duì gōng zhòng de xíng wéi shī jiā yǐng xiǎng。 yóu qí shì zhè xiē xiǎo xiǎo de biàn tiáo， gèng gěi rén yǐ wú bǐ de qīnqiè hé zì rán。 xíng chéng liǎo yī zhǒng wú míng de biān cè hé gǔ lì。
dāng rán hái yòu rén cái， zhè shì jié kè zuì zhòng shì de dì fāng liǎo。 tā shuō：“ lǐng dǎo zhě de gōng zuò， jiù shì měi tiān bǎ quán shì jiè gè dì zuì yōu xiù de rén cái yán lǎn guò lái。 tā men bì xū rè 'ài zì jǐ de yuán gōng， yōng bào zì jǐ de yuán gōng， jī lì zì jǐ de yuán gōng。” zuò wéi yī gè guò lái rén， wéi 'ěr qí gěi gōng sī lǐng dǎo zhě chuán shòu de yòng rén mì jué shì tā zì chuàng de“ huó lì qū xiàn”： yī gè zǔ zhì zhōng， bì yòu 20％ de rén shì zuì hǎo de， 70％ de rén shì zhōng jiān zhuàng tài de， 10％ de rén shì zuì chā de。 zhè shì yī gè dòng tài de qū xiàn， jí měi gè bù fēn suǒ bāo hán de jù tǐ rén yī dìng shì bù duàn biàn huà de。 dàn yī gè hé gé de lǐng dǎo zhě， bì xū suí shí zhǎng wò nà 20％ hé 10％ lǐ biān de rén de xìng míng hé zhí wèi， yǐ biàn zuò chū zhǔn què de jiǎng chéng cuò shī。 zuì hǎo de yīnggāi mǎ shàng dé dào jī lì huò shēng qiān， zuì chā de jiù bì xū mǎ shàng zǒu rén。
mù qián， tōng yòng gōng sī měi wèi yuán gōng dōuyòu yī zhāng“ tōng yòng diàn qì jià zhí guān” kǎ。 kǎ zhōng duì lǐng dǎo gànbù de jǐng jiè yòu 9 diǎn： tòng hèn guān liáo zhù yì、 kāi míng、 jiǎng jiū sù dù、 zì xìn、 gāo zhān yuǎn zhǔ、 jīng lì chōng pèi、 guǒ gǎn dì shè dìng mù biāo、 shì biàn huà wéi jī yù yǐ jí shì yìng quán qiú huà。 zhè xiē jià zhí guān dōushì tōng yòng gōng sī jìn xíng péi yǎng de zhù tí， yě shì jué dìng gōng sī zhí yuán jìn shēng de zuì zhòng yào de píng jià biāo zhǔn。
jié kè chū zhǎng tōng yòng zhī shí， tōng yòng diàn qì de xiāo shòu 'é wéi 250 yì měi yuán， yíng lì 15 yì měi yuán， shì chǎng jià zhí zài quán měi shàng shì gōng sī zhōng jǐn pái míng dì shí， ér dào 1999 nián， tōng yòng diàn qì shí xiàn liǎo 1110 yì měi yuán de xiāo shòu shōu rù（ shì jiè dì wǔ） hé 107 yì měi yuán de yíng lì（ quán qiú dì yī）， shì zhí yǐ wèi jū shì jiè dì 'èr。
1981 nián de tōng yòng qí xià jǐn yòu zhào míng、 fā dòng jī hé diàn lì 3 gè shì yè bù zài shì chǎng shàng bǎo chí lǐng xiān dì wèi。 ér rú jīn yǐ yòu 12 gè shì yè bù zài qí gè zì de shì chǎng shàng shǔyīshǔ 'èr， rú guǒ dān dú pái míng， tōng yòng diàn qì yòu 9 gè shì yè bù néng rù xuǎn《 cái fù》 500 qiáng。 jiù zài wéi 'ěr qí zhí zhǎng tōng yòng diàn qì de 19 nián zhōng， gōng sī fā shēng liǎo jù dà de biàn huà， bìng yīn cǐ lián xù 3 nián zài měi guó《 cái fù》 zá zhì“ quán měi zuì shòu tuī chóng gōng sī” píng xuǎn zhōng míng liè bǎng shǒu。
suǒ yòu de réndōu shuō， chuàng yè nán， shǒu yè gèng nán， dàn jié kè · wéi 'ěr qí gǎi biàn liǎo zhè gè shuō fǎ， tā chuàng zào liǎo zhè gè qí jì， jiāng tōng yòng zhè gè“ bǎi nián lǎo diàn” jīng yíng dé zhòng fàng guāng cǎi。 ér tā de gòng xiàn yě yuǎn bù zhǐ yú tōng yòng yī jiā gōng sī。 tā suǒ chàng dǎo hé shí xíng de guǎn lǐ de gé mìng， chóngxīn hóng yáng liǎo wéi gǔ dōng chuàng zào jià zhí zhè yī qǐ yè jīng yíng de gēn běn yuán zé， niǔ zhuǎn liǎo 'èr zhàn yǐ lái guó jì dà qǐ yè pǔ biàn fú lì huà de qīng xiàng， shǐ qǐ yè huò dé liǎo zhēn zhèng de dòng lì； tā chuàng zào liǎo yī gè zuì yòu yì yú rén cái chéngzhǎng de wén huà， zào jiù de bù jǐn shì yī dài qǐ yè jiā， gèng zào jiù liǎo yī zhǒng jī jí xiàng shàng de jīng shén， jīn tiān de tōng yòng yǐ jīng chéng wéi hè hè yòu míng de“ jīng lǐ rén yáo lán”、“ shāng jiè de xī diǎn jūn xiào”， quán qiú《 cái fù》 500 qiáng zhōng yòu chāo guò 1 ／ 3 de CEO dōushì cóng tōng yòng zǒu chū； tā de guǎn lǐ jīng yàn bèi yuè lái yuè duō de rén cǎi nà， jīhū chéng wéi xiàn dài qǐ yè de yī zhǒng diǎn fàn mó shì。
rén men duì tā dǐng lǐ mó bài， duì tā wú bǐ chóng jìng， dàn zhè gè yōu xiù de lǎo rén què zài 2001 nián shì yè de diān fēng xuǎn zé tuì yǐn， dàn shì， tā de jīng shén hái zài gōng sī jì xù fā huī zuò yòng， tā suǒ nǔ lì chuàng zào chū de qǐ yè wén huà hái zài tōng yòng děng qí tā qǐ yè zhōng chǎn shēng gēngshēn yuǎn、 gèng yōu jiǔ de zuò yòng。 zhèng rú wò tè · dí sī ní gōng sī dǒng shì cháng jiān CEO mài kè 'ěr · āi sī tè suǒ shuō：“ jié kè bù jǐn jǐn shì yī gè shāng yè jù zǐ， hái shì yī gè yòu xīn líng、 yòu líng hún、 yòu tóu nǎo de jù rén。”
Early life and career
Jack Welch was born in Salem, Massachusetts to John, a Boston & Maine Railroad conductor, and Grace, a homemaker.
Welch attended Salem High School and later the University of Massachusetts Amherst, graduating in 1957 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering. While at UMass he was a member of the Alpha chapter of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity.
Welch went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1960.
Welch joined General Electric in 1960. He worked as a junior chemical engineer in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, at a salary of $10,500 annually. While at GE, he blew off the roof of the factory, and was almost fired for doing so. Welch was displeased with the $1,000 raise he was offered after his first year, as well as the strict bureaucracy within GE. He planned to leave the company to work with International Minerals & Chemicals in Skokie, Illinois.
Reuben Gutoff, a young executive two levels higher than Welch, decided that the man was too valuable a resource for the company to lose. He took Welch and his first wife Carolyn out to dinner at the Yellow Aster in Pittsfield, and spent four hours trying to convince Welch to stay. Gutoff vowed to work to change the bureaucracy to create a small-company environment.
"Trust me," Gutoff remembers pleading. "As long as I am here, you are going to get a shot to operate with the best of the big company and the worst part of it pushed aside." "Well, you are on trial," retorted Welch. "I'm glad to be on trial," Gutoff said. "To try to keep you here is important." At daybreak, Welch gave him his answer. "It was one of my better marketing jobs in life," recalls Gutoff. "But then he said to me--and this is vintage Jack--'I'm still going to have the party because I like parties, and besides, I think they have some little presents for me.'" Some 12 years later, Welch would audaciously write in his annual performance review that his long-term goal was to become CEO.
Welch was named a vice president of GE in 1972. He moved up the ranks to become senior vice president in 1977 and vice chairman in 1979. Welch became GE's youngest chairman and CEO in 1981, succeeding Reginald H. Jones. By 1982, Welch had disassembled much of the earlier management put together by Jones.
Tenure as CEO of GE
Through the 1980s, Welch worked to streamline GE. In 1981 he made a speech in New York City called "Growing fast in a slow-growth economy". This is often acknowledged as the "dawn" of the obsession with shareholder value. Later, in an interview with the Financial Times on the Global financial crisis of 2008–2009, Welch said, “On the face of it, shareholder value is the dumbest idea in the world. Shareholder value is a result, not a strategy... your main constituencies are your employees, your customers and your products.” Many top CEOs have distanced themselves from Welch stating that Welch would not have made such a comment while still the CEO of GE. Employees, customers and products are enablers, while shareholder value creation gives a publicly traded company a license to operate.
He also pushed the managers of the businesses he kept to become more productive. Welch worked to eradicate perceived inefficiency by trimming inventories and dismantling the bureaucracy that had almost led him to leave GE in the past. He shut down factories, reduced payrolls and cut lackluster old-line units. Welch's public philosophy was that a company should be either #1 or #2 in a particular industry, or else leave it completely. Welch's strategy was later adopted by other CEOs across corporate America.
Each year, Welch would fire the bottom 10% of his managers. He earned a reputation for brutal candor in his meetings with executives. He would push his managers to perform, but he would reward those in the top 20% with bonuses and stock options. He also expanded the broadness of the stock options program at GE from just top executives to nearly one third of all employees. Welch is also known for destroying the nine-layer management hierarchy and bringing a sense of informality to the company.
During the early 1980s he was dubbed "Neutron Jack" (in reference to the neutron bomb) for eliminating employees while leaving buildings intact. In Jack: Straight From The Gut, Welch states that GE had 411,000 employees at the end of 1980, and 299,000 at the end of 1985. Of the 112,000 who left the payroll, 37,000 were in sold businesses, and 81,000 were reduced in continuing businesses. In return, GE had increased its market capital tremendously.
In 1986, GE acquired NBC, which was located in Rockefeller Center; Welch subsequently took up an office in the GE Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. During the 1990s, Welch shifted GE business from manufacturing to financial services through numerous acquisitions.
Welch adopted Motorola's Six Sigma quality program in late 1995. In 1980, the year before Welch became CEO, GE recorded revenues of roughly $26.8 billion. In 2000, the year before he left, the revenues increased to nearly $130 billion. When Jack Welch left GE, the company had gone from a market value of $14 billion to one of more than $410 billion at the end of 2004, making it the most valuable and largest company in the world.
At the time of his retirement, Welch received a salary of $4 million a year, followed by his controversial retirement plan of $8 million a year. In 1999 he was named "Manager of the Century" by Fortune magazine.
There was a lengthy and well-publicized succession planning saga prior to his retirement between James McNerney, Robert Nardelli, and Jeffrey Immelt, with Immelt eventually selected to succeed him as Chairman and CEO. Nardelli became the CEO of Home Depot until his resignation in early 2007, and until recently, was the CEO of Chrysler, while McNerney became CEO of 3M until he left that post to serve in the same capacity at Boeing.
Criticism
Some industry analysts claim that Welch is given too much credit for GE's success. They contend that individual managers are largely responsible for the company's success. For example GE Capital, under Gary C. Wendt, contributed nearly 40% of the company's total earnings while NBC and Robert C. Wright worked to turn the network around, leading to five years of double-digit earnings growth. It is also held that Welch did not rescue GE from great losses as the company had 16% annual earnings growth during the tenure of his predecessor, Reginald H. Jones. Critics also say that "the pressure Welch imposes leads some employees to cut corners, possibly contributing to some of the defense-contracting scandals that have plagued GE, or to the humiliating Kidder, Peabody & Co. bond-trading scheme of the early 1990s that generated bogus profits".
Welch has also received criticism over the years for an apparent lack of compassion for the middle class and working class. Welch has publicly stated that he is not concerned with the discrepancy between the salaries of top-paid CEOs and those of average workers. When asked about the issue of excessive CEO pay, Welch has stated that such allegations are "outrageous" and has vehemently opposed proposed SEC regulations affecting executive compensation. Countering the public uproar over excessive executive pay (including backdating stock options, golden parachutes for nonperformance, and extravagant retirement packages), Welch stated that CEO compensation should continue to be dictated by the free market, without interference from government or other outside agencies. In addition, Welch is a vocal opponent of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Personal life
Welch has had a slight stutter since childhood. He had four children with his first wife, Carolyn. They divorced amicably in April 1987 after 28 years of marriage. His second wife, Jane Beasley, was a former mergers-and-acquisitions lawyer. She married Jack in April 1989, and they divorced in 2003. While Welch had crafted a prenuptial agreement, Beasley insisted on a ten-year time limit to its applicability, and thus she was able to leave the marriage with an amount believed to be in the range of $180 million.
The third wife of Jack Welch is Suzy Wetlaufer, who co-authored his 2005 book Winning as Suzy Welch. Wetlaufer served briefly as the editor-in-chief of the Harvard Business Review before being forced to resign in early 2002 after admitting to having been involved in an affair with Welch while preparing an interview with him for the magazine.
Welch underwent triple bypass surgery in May 1995. He returned to work full time in September of the same year and also adopted an exercise schedule that included golf. Welch is a member of Augusta National Golf Club. However, in Winning, Welch acknowledges that back problems forced him to give up playing golf, and that, surprisingly, he doesn't miss it. He acknowledges using his time formerly spent on the golf course to consult with companies and indulge other personal interests such as modern art, international travel, teaching and attending Red Sox games. Since then, he has picked up his golf game, playing at courses such as Nantucket Golf Club, Sankaty Head Golf Club, and the Country Club of Fairfield, CT, among others.
On January 25, 2006, Welch gave his name to Sacred Heart University's College of Business, which will be known as the "John F. Welch College of Business".
Since September 2006, Welch has been teaching a class at the MIT Sloan School of Management to a hand-picked group of 30 MBA students with a demonstrated career interest in leadership. He is also a global warming skeptic. Yet he has said that every business must embrace green products and green ways of doing business, "whether you believe in global warming or not...because the world wants these products."
Thanks to a donation from Jack Welch, the Jack Welch Management Institute at the Chancellor University in Ohio was founded in July 2009. The institute offers a MBA program based on Welch's management philosophy. Classes are offered both online and at the school’s Cleveland campus.
On March 11, 2010, Welch appeared as himself in the fourteenth episode of the fourth season of the hit NBC sitcom 30 Rock. In the episode, he governed the sale of NBC Universal to a fictional Philadelphia-based cable company, Kabletown, a parody of the actual acquisition of NBC Universal from General Electric by Comcast in November 2009.