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生前出版的唯一詩集是《永恆的一天》(1911)。
德國詩人。生於西裏西亞一檢察官家庭。青少年時期在柏林等地度過。1907至1910年在維爾茨堡、耶拿和柏林攻讀法律，1911年出任候補推事。後在柏林附近哈弗爾河上滑冰時因救人而淹死。
海姆是德國早期表現主義文學的主要代表之一。他的詩受波德萊爾、蘭波、格奧爾格等人的影響，常選擇大都市生活、戰爭、毀滅等作為題材，表現資本主義社會中個人的恐懼、迷惘和絶望心情。詩句格律整齊，激昂深沉，富於想象，充滿悲觀情緒和對死亡的預感。生前出版的唯一詩集是《永恆的一天》(1911)。死後出版的詩集《生活的陰影》(1912)收有預言大戰災禍來臨的著名詩篇《戰爭》。中篇小說集《小偷》(1913)比詩歌具有更加明顯的表現主義特徵。他喜歡以各種畸形人物作為作品的主人公。
Biography
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Heym was born in Hirschberg, Lower Silesia in 1887 to Hermann and Jenny Heym. Throughout his short life, he was constantly in conflict with social conventions. His parents, members of the Wilhemine middle class, had trouble comprehending their son's rebellious behavior. Heym's own attitude towards his parents was paradoxical; on the one hand he held a deep affection for them, but on the other he strongly resisted any attempts to suppress his individuality and autonomy.
In 1900 the Heyms moved to Berlin, and there Georg began unsuccessfully attending a series of different schools. Eventually, he arrived at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium at Neuruppin in Brandenburg. He was very unsatisfied, and as a way to achieve some release he began writing poetry. After he graduated and went to study law at Würzburg, he started writing plays as well. However, publishers largely ignored his work.
In 1910 Heym met the poet and writer Simon Guttmann, who invited Heym to join the recently founded Der Neue Club, a descendant of a student society at the University of Berlin. Other members of this Club included Kurt Hiller, Jakob van Hoddis, and Erwin Loewenson (also known as Golo Gangi); often visiting were Else Lasker-Schüler, Gottfried Benn, and Karl Kraus. Although the Club had no actual stated objective, its members all shared a sense of rebellion against contemporary culture and possessed a desire for political and aesthetic upheaval. The Club held "Neopathetisches Cabaret" meetings in which members presented work, and it was here that Heym first gained notice. His poetry immediately attracted praise. In January 1911, Ernst Rowohlt published Heym's first book and the only one to appear in his lifetime: Der ewige Tag (The Eternal Day).
Heym later went through several judicial jobs, none of which he held for long due to his lack of respect for authority. On 16 January 1912, Heym and his friend Ernst Balcke went on a skating trip to the frozen river Havel. They never returned. A few days later their bodies were found. Appearances indicated that Balcke had fallen through the ice and Heym had attempted to save him but fell in as well. Heym remained alive for half an hour, calling out for help. His cries were heard by some nearby forestry workers, but they were unable to reach him.
Works
Poetry
Der Baum
Der Gott der Stadt (1910)
Der Krieg (1911)
Der ewige Tag (1911)
Umbra vitae (1912)
Marathon (1914)
Die Stadt (1911)
Prose
Der Dieb. Ein Novellenbuch (1913)
Drama
Der Athener Ausfahrt (1907)
Other
Versuch einer neuen Religion (1909)
Bibliography
Heym, Georg (1994). The Thief and Other Stories. Translated by Susan Bennett (1st ed.). London: Libris. ISBN 1-870352-48-3.
Heym, Georg (2004). Poems. Translated, with an introduction and notes by Antony Hasler (1st ed.). London: Libris. ISBN 1-870352-97-1. Bilingual edition. Review by Will Stone (2004). Review by Michael Hoffman (21 May 2005). (Re-edition: Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-8101-2322-3.)
External links
Texts by Heym
"The Dissection" translated by Gio Clairval
Two poems, "Umbra Vitae" and "Judas", translated by Christopher Middleton
Two poems, "The Fall" and "The War", translated by Walter A. Aue
"Poet à la mode" translated by Antony Hasler
"Fever Hospital" translated by Gwilym Williams
About Heym
Works by or about Georg Heym at Internet Archive
Works by Georg Heym at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Article "Apocalypse Then: Georg Heym & the Art of Cultural Divination" by Darren Anderson (9 October 2011)
Thesis Georg Heym's Der Dieb: Ein Novellenbuch. Five Short Stories in English Translation with an Introduction and Commentary by Arlene Elizabeth Sture (April 1979)
(in German) Analysis of Der Gott der Stadt