Thomas Carlyle

托馬斯·卡萊爾（英語：Thomas Carlyle，1795年12月4日－1881年2月5日）是蘇格蘭評論、諷刺作傢、歷史學家。他的作品在維多利亞時代甚具影響力。

代表作有《英雄與英雄崇拜》、《法國革命史》、《衣裳哲學》、《過去與現在》。 在《英雄與英雄崇拜》中提出“歷史除了為偉人寫傳，什麽都不是”的觀點。

1865年被任命為愛丁堡大學校長，出任到1868年。

Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881) was a British historian, satirical writer, essayist, translator, philosopher, mathematician, and teacher. In his book On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History (1841), he argued that the actions of the "Great Man" play a key role in history, claiming that "the history of the world is but the biography of great men". Other major works include The French Revolution: A History, 3 vols (1837) and The History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, 6 vols (1858–65).

His 1837 history of The French Revolution was the inspiration for Charles Dickens' 1859 novel A Tale of Two Cities, and remains popular today. Carlyle's 1836 Sartor Resartus is a notable philosophical novel.

A noted polemicist, Carlyle coined the term "the dismal science" for economics, in his essay "Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question", which advocated for the reintroduction of slavery to the West Indies. He also wrote articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia.

Once a Christian, Carlyle lost his faith while attending the University of Edinburgh, later adopting a form of deism.

In mathematics, he is known for the Carlyle circle, a method used in quadratic equations and for developing ruler-and-compass constructions of regular polygons.