| Gunnar Olof Björling | |
| 出生地： | 赫爾辛基 |
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貢納爾·比約林(1887-1960)芬蘭的瑞典語現代派詩歌的代表人物。主要作品有《安息日》(1922)、《太陽緑》(1933)、《啊，有一天》(1944)等。
貢納爾·比約林，20世紀芬蘭瑞典語詩人。生於赫爾辛基，1901-1902年在陸軍軍官學校學習，不久進入赫爾辛基大學攻讀哲學，試圖通過成為哲學家來改變自己的人生。1915年，他從大學畢業後，做過教師，但不久便全職投身於詩歌事業。20世紀20年代，在達達主義及其他現代主義文藝思潮的影響下，他開始探索新詩藝，最終創造出一種達達主義與表現主義融合的獨特風格。1922年，他出版了第一部詩集《休息日》，這部詩集比較獨特，多由散文詩和和警句構成。此後，他又陸續推出了20部詩集，主要有《十字架與誓約》（1925）、《然而紫羅蘭在海洋上吹拂》（1936）、《那種罪孽即藍色指甲》（1936）、《我知道你》（1938）、《話語，而非別的東西》（1945）、《我們的貓生活時辰》（1949）、《你們去吧，詞語》（1955）等。
比約林是20世紀上半期芬蘭瑞典語抒情短詩的代表人物之一。他將自己早年的詩風稱為“普遍的達達個人主義”，30年代開始，他精心創造了一種詩風，被稱為“遺漏句子的部分”或“打破句法”。他的詩歌以日常語言為中心，常常使用最常見的詞語，卻創造出最罕見的詩意。他的詩洋溢着親切、可感知的生活的神秘性，這使他成為“真實生活的詩人”。他那種短小、明快的、富於暗示性的抒情詩是從“手稿堆成的群山”裏提煉出來的，其獨特、清晰、抒情的句法使他的詩風非常個性化，在20世紀北歐詩壇上産生了深遠的影響。
Biography
Björling was born in Helsinki. He spent his childhood in Helsinki and Viipuri, and the summer months in Kangasala. Between 1901 and 1902 he attended Hamina Cadet School, and then studied philosophy at the University of Helsinki. One of his teachers was the internationally renowned sociologist Edvard Westermarck, who greatly influenced Björling's thinking. During his school years in Helsinki, Björling became a passionate socialist, was active in the trade unions and participated in several minor operations. However, when the Finnish Civil War broke out in 1918, Björling supported the whites, and helped a telegraphist working for the whites by hiding him in his basement. After the war, Björling participated in one of the courts which sentenced captured reds. Later in life, however, he renounced and distanced himself from his activities during and after the war.
Björling's debut as a poet came in 1922, when he was 35 years old, with Vilande dag, which consists of prose poems and aphorisms, some of them one-liners. Between 1928 and 1929, he contributed to the Swedish-language modernist publication Quosego. Although Björling is principally considered a modernist poet, he also experimented with dadaism, and was sometimes called "Europe's last dadaist".
Björling was openly bisexual in an era when it was broadly seen as a social deviation. The psychoanalyst Mikael Enckell, son of fellow Finnish modernist writer Rabbe Enckell, made the following analysis of Björling's sexuality: "It is not enough that he apparently was bisexual in a time and in a generation when this was socially stigmatizing in a way we can imagine only with difficulty. He himself hardly wholeheartedly affirmed his bisexuality, it was connected with notions of deep shame, moral inferiority and deviation."
Björling died in Helsinki in 1960.
Bibliography
Vilande dag, 1922
Korset och löftet, 1925
Kiri-ra!, 1930
Solgrönt, 1933
Fågel badar snart i vatten, 1934
Att syndens blåa nagel, 1936
Där jag vet att du, 1938
Det oomvända anletet, 1939
Angelägenheten, 1940
Ohjälpligheten, 1943
O finns en dag, 1944
Ord och att ej annat, 1945
Luft är och ljus, 1946
Ohört blott, 1948
Vårt kattliv timmar, 1949
Ett blyertsstreck, 1951
Som alla dar, 1953
Att i sitt öga, 1954
Du går de ord, 1955
References
Ekman, Michel (December 2014). "Björling, Gunnar". Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (in Swedish). Retrieved 22 September 2016.
Hertzberg, Fredrik (June 2006). "Gunnar Björling". nypoesi. Esbo, Finland. Retrieved 22 September 2016.