芬蘭  (1931年元月25日～2008年十月6日)

 帕沃·哈維科詩選

帕沃·哈維科(1931-2008)芬蘭當代著名作傢。1984年榮獲新城國際文學奬。哈維科是一位才華橫溢的多産作傢。五十年代初，第一次發表詩集，一舉獲得極高的國際、國內聲譽。迄今為止，他已經創作了五十多部包括各種文學體裁的作品：詩歌，長、短篇小說，歌劇劇本以及電影、電視劇本等等。

Paavo Juhani Haavikko (January 25, 1931 in Helsinki – October 6, 2008) was a Finnish poet, playwright, essayist and publisher, considered one of the country's most outstanding writers. He published more than 70 works, and his poems have been translated to 12 languages.
Biography
Paavo Haavikko was born and grew up in Helsinki. His father was a bookbinder and later in import business. 1951. In 1951 Haavikko graduated from the Kallio Coeducational School, and published his first collection of poems.

In the 1950s Haavikko published several poetry collections more, culminating later in the collection entitled Talvipalatsi ('The Winter Palace'; 1959). He was at the forefront of the emerging modernist movement in Finland, and in the following decades he went on to have a profound influence on many other genres as well. As a result of his literary achievements, he became the leading writer of his generation and of the entire postwar period in Finland.


Paavo Haavikko with his first wife, the writer Marja-Liisa Vartio (1924–1966).
Haavikko's first wife Marja-Liisa Vartio was also a writer. They had two children. Marja-Liisa Vartio died in 1966, and Haavikko stopped writing for a long time. Haavikko married Ritva Rainio in 1971. They lived separately since 1983.

Career as a writer
Haavikko started his career as a poet, but he published in almost every genre of literature. His drama has seldom been played on traditional theatre scenes. Television series Rauta-aika illustrated freely the Finnish National epic Kalevala. Operas Ratsumies (English title: The Horseman) and Kuningas lähtee Ranskaan (English title: The King goes forth to France) were composed by Aulis Sallinen to librettos by Haavikko.

Haavikko placed many of his works in historical context but included references to more modern politics, such as Juho Kusti Paasikivi and Stalin in his play Agricola ja kettu ('Agricola and the Fox'), or Urho Kaleva Kekkonen as a Viking ruler. He scrutinized Finland's leading politicians and civil servants in his column in weekly magazine Suomen Kuvalehti.

Images occurring often in Haavikko's poetry included the king, palaces, gardens, and the woods. Haavikko was talented in describing love, romantic and relationships between men and women. After the death of his first wife he started to write about subjects less discussed in poetry: economy, politics and society.

Reception
The high opinion of Haavikko's poetry was not confined to his home country: John Ashbery considered The Winter Palace as "one of the great poems of the century".

Business life
From 1967 to 1983, Haavikko was literary director of the Otava publishing company, and from 1989 to his death owner of the Art House publishing company.

He and his family had a company producing peat for fuel. He also owned forest. When he died, his family inherited 3 million euros.

Honours
Aleksis Kivi Prize, Finnish Literature Society, 1966
Pro Finlandia Medal, 1967,
Honorary Doctorate from the University of Helsinki, 1969
Knight First Class of the White Rose of Finland, 1978
Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1984.
In 1993, he won the Swedish Academy Nordic Prize, known as the 'little Nobel'.
America Award, 2007
Works
Haavikko's works represent many different literary genres, including the librettos for the two operas. His career as is exceptional in its mere productivity: a book every eight months according to his own reckoning.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Poetry
Tiet etäisyyksiin (1951) WSOY
Tuuliöinä (1953) Otava
Synnyinmaa (1955) Otava
Lehdet lehtiä (1958) Otava
Talvipalatsi (1959) Otava (The Winter Palace)
Puut, kaikki heidän vihreytensä (1966) Otava
Runoja matkalta salmen ylitse (1973) Otava
Kaksikymmentä ja yksi (1974) Otava; English translation One and twenty (2007) Translated by Anselm Hollo. Beaverton: Aspasia Books. ISBN 978-0-9783488-1-6
Viiniä, kirjoitusta (1976) Otava. ISBN 951-1-02452-3.
Puolustuspuhe (1977) WSOY - poems and aforisms
Viisi sarjaa nopeasti virtaavasta elämästä (1987) Art House
Toukokuu, ikuinen (1988) Art House
Rakkaudesta ja kuolemasta (1989) Art House
Talvirunoja (1990) Art House
Puiden ylivertaisuudesta (1993) Art House
Prosperon runot (2001) Art House
Poetry compilations
Runot 1951–1961 (1962) Otava
Runot 1949–1974 (1975) Otava
Runoelmat (1975) Otava
Sillat. Valitut runot (1984) Otava
Runot! Runot 1984–1992 WSOY 1992
Includes After the Deadline (1984), Con amore, con furore (1985), Viisi sarjaa nopeasti virtaavasta elämästä (1987), Toukokuu, ikuinen (1988), Talvirunoja (1990), Musta herbaario (1992) and all the poems from aphorism books Pimeys (1984) and Kansalaisvapaudesta (1989). When After the Deadline and Con amore, con furore were first published, the author distributed them only to a small circle of friends. Musta herbaario was previously unpublished.
Kirjainmerkit mustat. Runot 1949–1966 (1993) WSOY
Tyrannin ylistys. Runot 1970–1981 (1994) WSOY
Valitut runot (2006) WSOY
Plays
Münchausen; Nuket: Kaksi näytelmää (1960) Otava
Ylilääkäri: Kaksi näytelmää (1968) Otava. Includes plays Ylilääkäri and Agricola ja kettu.
Soitannollinen ilta Viipurissa 1918 (1978) Otava ISBN 951-1-04977-1.
Viisi pientä draamallista tekstiä (1981) Otava ISBN 951-1-06332-4.
Sulka: 12 näytelmää (1997) WSOY. ISBN 951-0-21855-3.
Includes: Sulka (1973). Ratsumies (1974) (The Horseman), Kuningas lähtee Ranskaan (1974) (The King Goes Forth to France), Harald Pitkäikäinen (1974), Agricola ja kettu (1968), Kuningas Harald, jäähyväiset (radio play, 1978), Kaisa ja Otto (1976), Herra Östanskog (1981), Ne vahvimmat miehet ei ehjiksi jää (1976), Naismetsä (radio play, 1989), Englantilainen tarina (1990), Anastasia ja minä (1992) (Anastasya and I).
Airo ja Brita (1999) Art House ISBN 951-884-259-0.
Hitlerin sateenvarjo (2004) WSOY ISBN 951-0-29123-4.
Other prose
Kullervon tarina (1982) (Kullervo's Story)
Libretto
Paavo the Great. Great Race. Great Dream. (2000)
Ratsumies (1974) (The Horseman)
Kuningas lähtee Ranskaan (1974) (The King Goes Forth to France),
References
Riikonen, H.K. "Haavikko, Paavo (1931 - 2008)". Kansallisbiografia - The National Biography of Finland. Biografiakeskus, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
Liukkonen, Petri. "Paavo Haavikko (1931-2008)". Authors Calendar. Kuusankoski library. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
Riikonen, H.K. "Haavikko, Paavo (1931 - 2008)". Kansallisbiografia (in Finnish). Biografiakeskus, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
Tapio, Vesa (2014). "Elämä oli ennen toisenlaista, mutta nyt se on toisenlaista". Seinäjoen kaupungiteatteri (in Finnish). Retrieved 20 September 2016.
Parker, Alan; Willhardt, Mark (2005-12-05). Who's Who in Twentieth Century World Poetry. Routledge. ISBN 9781134713769.
Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2008. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC
Tolonen, Seppo (2002). "Kustantajaperhe tekee turvebisnestä". Kaleva (in Finnish). Retrieved 20 September 2016.
"OU.edu".
External links
Petri Liukkonen. "Paavo Haavikko". Books and Writers
Pekka Tarkka. "In memoriam Paavo Haavikko 1931–2008". Books from Finland. Retrieved 4 April 2019.