| 姓： | 錢 | ||
| 名： | 夏 | ||
| 字： | 德潛 | ||
| 網筆號： | 疑古 | ||
| 籍貫： | 浙江湖州市 | ||
閱讀錢玄同 Qian Xuantong在百家争鸣的作品!!! | |||
生平早年赴日本留學，入早稻田大學。在日本拜見章太炎（炳麟）於《民報》社，章太炎介紹他加入同盟會，同時聽章太炎講文學音韻學。結識的許多章門弟子，後來都成了著名學者，包括黃侃、魯迅、周作人。回國後，1913年到北京，任國立北京高等師範學校及附屬中學國文、經學教員。後又長期在國立北京大學兼課。1917年加入中華民國國語研究會為會員，兼任教育部國語統一籌備會常駐幹事，致力國語運動。
錢玄同從1913年到北京高等師範執教，連續在北京師範大學任專任教授二十餘年。他講授的課程，以音韻學為主，還有“說文研究”“經學史略”、“周至唐及清代思想概要”“先秦古書真偽略說”等。並長期任國文係主任。1917年，他嚮陳獨秀主辦的《新青年》雜志投稿，倡導文學革命，成為“五四”新文化運動的揭幕人之一。 1918年至1919年的《新青年》雜志，錢玄同是輪流編輯之一。在這期間，他曾動員魯迅給《新青年》寫文章。魯迅的小說《狂人日記》就是錢玄同催促他寫出的頭一篇作品，並且頭一次用魯迅作筆名。如衆所周知，《狂人日記》不但是篇白話文，而且是攻擊吃人的禮教的第一炮。 錢玄同在教學和學術研究方面的貢獻也是很顯著的。他所著的《文字學音篇》是中國高等學校最早的音韻學教科書。數十年來，影響頗大，迄今仍為音韻學家所稱引。
當代許多音韻學家如羅常培、魏建功、白滌洲、趙蔭棠、王靜如、丁聲樹等或是他的學生，或受過他的教益。名史傢黃現璠曾是他的研究生。錢玄同對於“經學”創見甚多。他有兩句名言：“考古務求其真，致用務求其適。”他發表在《古史辨》上討論上古歷史和儒傢經書的文章，獨見很多，影響很大。郭沫若對錢玄同在古史研究方面的一些觀點非常贊賞，說：“這些見解與鄙見不期而同，但都是先我而發的。”他早年積極宣傳漢語改用拼音文字，曾采用國際音標製定漢語拼音字母。後來他和趙元任、黎錦熙等數人共同製定“國語羅馬字拼音法式”。1935年他抱病堅持起草了《第一批簡體字表》，為共産黨執政後推行“簡化字”立下先例。
家庭
兄錢恂，曾任清朝出使荷蘭大臣和意大利大臣，主持湖北自強學堂。
子女錢三強是著名物理學家。
BiographyBorn in Huzhou, Zhejiang, Qian was named Qian Xia at birth and was given the courtesy name Deqian (德潜). Qian trained in traditional Chinese philology. After receiving his university education in Japan, Qian held a number of teaching positions in mainland China. He was a student of Zhang Binglin; some of Zhang's works were copied and printed in Qian's remarkable seal script handwriting. As a philologist, Qian was the first to reconstruct the vowel system of Old Chinese in IPA.
A close friend of Lu Xun, Qian was a key figure in the May Fourth Movement. Despite his close relationship with the Chinese classics, he promoted the abolition of classical Chinese. He was also a strong supporter of Esperanto, at one time even proposed the substitution of Chinese by it. He and Liu Bannong did their best to promote vernacular Chinese, attacking such classical Chinese stylists as Lin Shu. His skepticism of the Chinese heritage was such that he at one time wanted to change his surname to Yi Gu (疑古 "suspecting things ancient"). He also did much important work with regards to the standardization of Simplified Chinese characters, Mandarin, and the design of pinyin.
His son Qian Sanqiang was a nuclear physicist who contributed to development of nuclear weapons in China.
ReferencesHe Jiuying 何九盈 (1995). Zhongguo xiandai yuyanxue shi (中囯现代语言学史 "A history of modern Chinese linguistics"). Guangzhou: Guangdong jiaoyu chubanshe.
Wu Rui 吳銳 (1996). Qian Xuantong pingzhuan (钱玄同评传 "A Biography of Qian Xuantong"). Nanchang: Baihuazhou wenyi chubanshe.
1.^ DeFrancis, John (1950), "chapter 4: One State, One People, One Language", Nationalism and Language Reform in China, Princeton University Press, http://www.pinyin.info/readings/texts/DeFr1950.html