英國 溫莎王朝 

 生物學 Biology： 《進化思想史》 閱讀皮特·J·鮑勒 Peter J. Bowler在百家争鸣的作品!!!

　　彼特·鮑勒（Peter J. Bowler）是貝爾法斯特皇后大學的科學史傢，他對進化論的歷史所做的研究已經激起了廣泛的關註和興趣。在《非達爾文革命——重新解釋一個歷史神話》中，鮑勒對“達爾文革命”的正統形象提出了質疑。鮑勒論證說：達爾文主義不是19世紀進化論的主題，現代“綜合理論”的産生也相對獨立於達爾文所提出的自然選擇學說，因此進化思想的發展綫索與通常所理解的不同。本文將通過考察鮑勒的主要論點和論據，試圖闡明他所提出的“非達爾文革命”的含義及其存在的問題。本文還試圖表明，鮑勒對進化論歷史的重建顯示了“進步”的觀念在19世紀進化思想的發展中所起的重要作用，因此對“進步”觀念和進化思想之間關係的研究，對於理解進化論的歷史來說是不可或缺的。

　　Peter J. Bowler is a historian of biology who has written extensively on the history of evolutionary thought, the history of the environmental sciences, and on the history of genetics. His 1984 book, Evolution: The History of an Idea is a standard textbook on the history of evolution, and was substantially revised in 2003. His 1992 book The Eclipse of Darwinism: Anti-Darwinian Evolution Theories in the Decades Around 1900 describes the scientific and social challenges to Darwinism which led many to abandon the theory in the first part of the twentieth century.
　　
　　Peter Bowler holds a BA from the University of Cambridge an MSc from the University of Sussex and a PhD from the University of Toronto. In the 1970s he taught at the School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. He is currently a professor in the history of science at Queen's University Belfast, and is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a corresponding member of the Académie Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences. He was President of the British Society for the History of Science 2004-6.
　　
　　His current interests are in the development and implications of Darwinism, the history of the environmental sciences, science and religion (especially twentieth century), and popular science writing. Current research is on the production of popular science literature in early twentieth-century Britain, with particular emphasis on the role played by professional scientists. Bowler discusses the attempts by Victorian scientists to promote science for public understanding and the increasing accessibility of popular science works.
　　
　　Professor Bowler has been a vocal critic of creationism in Northern Ireland. He has made numerous appearances on local radio, including interviews with William Crawley on BBC Radio Ulster shows TalkBack and Sunday Sequence - here he defended evolution and highlighted the non-scientific nature of creationism.
　　
　　 Select publication
　　
　　 * Q&A Darwin: Off the Record (with foreword by Richard Dawkins) (Duncan Baird, 2010).
　　
　　 * Science for All: The Popularization of Science in Early Twentieth-Century Britain (Chicago, 2009).
　　
　　 * Evolution: the history of an idea (4th ed., California, 2009).
　　
　　 * 'Darwin's Originality', in Science (9 January 2009: Vol. 323. no. 5911, pp. 223 – 226) DOI: 10.1126/science.1160332
　　
　　 * 'Experts and publishers: writing popular science in early twentieth-century Britain' in British Journal for the History of Science, xxxix (2006).
　　
　　 * (With I.R. Morus) Making modern science: a historical survey (Chicago, 2005).
　　
　　 * 'The spectre of Darwinism: popular images of Darwinism in early twentieth-century Britain' in A. Lustig, R.J. Richards and M. Rose (eds), Darwinian Heresies (Cambridge, 2004).
　　
　　 * Reconciling science and religion: the debate in early twentieth-century Britain (Chicago, 2001).
　　
　　 * Life’s splendid drama: evolutionary biology and the reconstruction of life’s ancestry, 1860–1940 (Chicago, 1996).
　　
　　 * Charles Darwin: the man and his influence (Cambridge, 1996).
　　
　　 * The Eclipse of Darwinism: Anti-Darwinian Evolution Theories in the Decades Around 1900 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992)
　　
　　
　　 Reference
　　
　　 1. ^ a b Peter Bowler's QUB staff page
　　 2. ^ a b PJ Bowler Science For All, Chicago Univ Press 2009
　　 3. ^ BBC Radio Ulster TalkBack, broadcast 15th September 2008
　　 4. ^ BBC Radio Ulster Sunday Sequence, broadcast 2nd December 2007
　　 5. ^ Darwin: Off The Record,2010
　　 6. ^ Darwin's Originality, in Science, 9 January 2009