閱讀哈裏森·索爾茲伯裏 Harrison Salisbury在小说之家的作品!!! |
從事反映中國紅軍長徵的寫作,是索爾茲伯裏多年來的夙願。他極其崇敬埃德加·斯諾,並深受其感染和影響。埃德加·斯諾在其《西行漫記》序言中曾寫到:“總有一天會有人寫出這一驚心動魄的遠征的全部史詩。”索爾茲伯裏今天以實際行動完成了這位先行者的未竟事業和意願。為了寫作此書,索爾茲伯裏在十多年前就開始醖釀和準備。他收集和研究了大量有關長徵的各種不同來源、不同觀點的材料,並於―九八四年專程來到我國,在他的好友謝偉思和他的七十歲的妻子夏洛特的密切合作下,沿着當年紅軍長徵的路綫,進行了實地采訪。他以紅軍般的勇敢和堅毅,不顧年邁(當時七十六歲)有病(心髒病),懷揣心髒起博器,帶着打字機,爬雪山,過草地,穿激流,登險峰,中途戰勝病痛折磨,堅持越過了千山萬水,穿過七八個省份,歷時七十四天,終於從江西到達了陝北,完成了他自己的二萬五千裏“長徵”尋訪。沿途他考察體驗了自然界的復雜地理環境和多變的氣象,嚮老紅軍、老船工、老牧民們瞭解歷史和現狀,瞭解民俗風情,遍覓革命遺跡,博採軼聞軼事。更為重要的是,他有機會親自訪問了參加過長徵的我國現今的許多領導人和健在的老將軍,會見了不少黨史軍史研究人員,多方探索和考證了長徵中的一些問題,正如地自己所說的那樣,他“對中國人提出了我能想到的所有難題,直到弄清事實為止”。<長徵――前所未聞的故事>
評價:20世紀美國最傑出的記者之一(還一個是李普曼),不知疲倦的實幹傢,新聞界風鬥了60多年。
1:出生在阿伯利斯市,晚年寫《風行天下一報人》回憶錄。
明尼蘇達精神:憤世嫉俗;多思善問;不事大(不迷信),頭腦清醒觀察事論。
2:讀明尼蘇達大學,主編過校報,批判學校內的黑暗,學校以在圖書管抽煙開出。
3:1930,當地報紙,實習記者《明尼阿波利斯新聞》;合衆社
4:1930—1949在合衆社
5:1949年到《紐約時報》直到1993年
合衆社:他進入時是年輕的記者,合衆社也是年輕的,兩者伴隨成長
(1) 拼命的精神,新聞貴在搶先,搶在美聯社簽發;
(2) 關於家乡經濟衰退的特寫,在準備報到時,受到阿伯利茲領導人的阻止,最後發表受到了鼓舞。
(3) 在合衆社裏的後十年,當駐外記者。
6:途經蘇聯:關於蘇聯的報道1943,負面報道
7:1949,被《紐約時報》高薪挖走,此時已成為名記者。被派往蘇聯,呆了6年(到1955年)
8:前一個星期,在屋裏看報紙,發現蘇共與中共關係不正常(《機關報》、《真理報》對中國解放勝利的報道極少)
9:一邊發稿一邊收集材料,1995年回國後,發表了一係列關於蘇聯的報道,獲得了1995年普利策國際報道奬,蘇聯永遠拒絶他入境。
10:回國後,一段時間比較閑,編輯卡特利奇建議其關註紐約衛生問題,馬上投入到紐約衛生的報道中,花了120多田跑遍紐約所有垃圾場考察,采訪所有與衛生有關的人,發了係列報道《紐約的垃圾》
11:60年代初關註美國種族歧視問題:
(1):去伯明翰•布爾,回美國後寫了一組關於種族歧視的報道(報道發出後,多次遭到訴訟:誹謗罪);
(2):不久後,美國出臺關於種族歧視的法律,使其免受麻煩
12:60年代中期,關於越南戰爭的報道(在此之前,美國對於越南戰爭的報道是片面的)1966年深入戰爭第一綫,客觀的從各方面瞭解報道,發現美國媒體和政府欺騙了美國人民,引起了美國極大的震動,迫使美國政府撤軍;
13:一生寫過很多文學作品,晚年任美國作傢協會主席,曾任《紐約時報》副總編輯。
14:關於長徵的采訪:1984年成形,
(1):1944,在蘇聯遇見斯諾,並深受其感染和影響。開始瞭解長徵,此後一直收集有關長徵的資料;
(2):1972,作為美作協主席率領作傢代表團訪問中國,周恩來藉鑒,提出對走長徵路綫采訪的要求,被謝絶。
(3):1984,中國改革開放,3月,他與妻子訪問中國。用一個月采訪了住在北京,經過長徵的人和傢屬,帶病,用兩個月走完長徵路。
(4):1985,出版風靡全球的《長徵:前所未有的故事》在此引發長徵熱。此後一直關註中國
15:1992年萌生在次來到中國想法,走鄧小平南巡路綫
16:1992年中風住院,1993年逝世
He spent nearly 20 years with United Press, much of it overseas, and was UP's foreign editor during the last two years of World War II. Additionally, he was The New York Times' Moscow bureau chief from 1949-1954. Salisbury constantly battled Soviet censorship and won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1955. He twice (in 1957 and 1966) received the George Polk Award for Foreign Reporting.
In the 1960s, he covered the growing civil rights movement in the Southern United States. From there, he directed The Times' coverage of President John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963. In 1970, he created The Times' Op-Ed page and was assistant managing editor from 1964–1972, associate editor from 1972-1973. He retired from The Times in 1973.
Salisbury was among the earliest mainstream journalists to oppose the Vietnam War after reporting from North Vietnam in 1966. He took much heat from the Johnson Administration and the political Right, but his previous standards of objectivity helped to sway journalistic opinion against the war. He is interviewed in the anti-Vietnam War documentary film In the Year of the Pig. He was the first American journalist to report on the Vietnam War from North Vietnam after having been invited there by the North Vietnamese government in late 1966. His report was the first that genuinely questioned the American air war.
Reported extensively from Communist China, where, in 1989, he witnessed the bloody student uprising at Tiananmen Square.
He wrote 29 books, including American in Russia (1955) and Behind the Lines—Hanoi (1967). His other books include The Shook-Up Generation (1958), Orbit of China (1967), War Between Russia and China (1969), The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad (1969), "The Gates of Hell" (1975), Black Night, White Snow: Russia's Revolutions 1905-1917 (1978), Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and Its Times (1980), Journey For Our Times (autobiographical, 1983), China: 100 Years of Revolution, (1983), The Long March: The Untold Story (1985), Tiananmen Diary: Thirteen Days in June (1989), The New Emperors: China in the Era of Mao and Deng (1992) and his last, Heroes of My Time (1993). The 900 Days was in the process of being adapted into a feature film by famous Italian director Sergio Leone at the time of Leone's death in 1989.
Salisbury was an Eagle Scout and a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America.
Reference
^ Pace, Eric (1993-07-07). "Harrison E. Salisbury, 84, Author and Reporter, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
^ Grant, Zalin. Over the Beach The Air War in Vietnam. Pocket Books. New York: 1986. Pages 106-112.
^ "Distinguished Eagle Scouts". Scouting.org. Retrieved 2010-11-04.