閱讀伊斯雷爾·愛潑斯坦 Israel Epstein在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
愛潑斯坦出生於華沙的一個猶太人家庭，當時波蘭正在俄羅斯帝國的控製範圍內。他的父親曾因領導勞動者起義而被俄羅斯帝國的當權者關押，母親則被放逐到了西伯利亞。愛潑斯坦的父親在第一次世界大戰爆發後被他所在的公司派往日本；當德軍逼近華沙時，愛潑斯坦和他的母親逃亡到亞洲投奔了他的父親。在歷經了一些地區的反猶歧視後，他的家庭最終於1917年遷往中國，並於1920年定居在了天津。
愛潑斯坦於15歲（1931年）開始從事新聞工作，其時他在一傢設立於天津的英文《京津泰晤士報》（Peking and Tientsin Times）報社擔任新聞工作。他亦在抗日戰爭中與美國合衆國際社和一些西方新聞社參與了掩護中國平民的行動。在1938年的秋季（一說是1939年），他在香港參加了孫中山遺孀宋慶齡發起組織的保衛中國同盟，為中國的抗日戰爭進行宣傳並募集國際援助。 1941年，他製造了自己死亡的假新聞以欺騙試圖逮捕他的日本政府，這則假新聞甚至被以短消息形式印刷到了《紐約時報》上。但是他仍然在香港被抓入集中營。1942年3月18日，他在後來成為其妻子的邱茉莉（Elsie Fairfax-Cholmeley）的幫助下越獄成功。
在校訂作傢埃德加·斯諾的一本書的過程中，愛潑斯坦和斯諾得以相互認識。斯諾在出版前給愛潑斯坦看了他後來的經典之作——《西行漫記》。
1944年，愛潑斯坦第一次訪問了英國，然後與邱茉莉在美國居住了5年。在這段時間內，他擔任了《聯合勞動新聞》（Allied Labor News）的總編輯並於1949年出版了《中國尚未結束的革命》（The Unfinished Revolution in China）一書。邱茉莉亦是一本在中華人民共和國出版的被廣泛使用的漢英辭典的貢獻者，在許多年後，逐漸被中國和世界各地學習漢語的一代學生所知。
1951年，愛潑斯坦應宋慶齡之邀，回到中國參與雜志《中國建設》（後改名為《今日中國》）的創刊工作，他在70歲以前都是《今日中國》的總編輯，70歲退休後成為雜志的名譽總編輯。在擔任《今日中國》編輯的時期中，他於1957年加入了中國國籍並於1964年加入了中國共産黨。
在文化大革命中，愛潑斯坦曾被非法監禁達5年之久，但是至死他都保持着對共産主義理想的忠誠追隨。愛潑斯坦曾於1983年被選舉為中國人民政治協商會議全國委員會常務委員會委員。
在他的一生中，愛潑斯坦曾先後被周恩來、毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民和現任中國國傢主席鬍錦濤所高度贊揚。2005年6月3日，愛潑斯坦被葬於北京石景山區的八寶山革命公墓。包括中國國傢主席鬍錦濤、中國國務院總理溫傢寶、中央政治局常務委員會委員賈慶林、李長春在內的許多政府官員出席了他的追悼會儀式。在儀式結束後，他的遺體被火化。
作品
《人民戰爭》，1939年
《毛澤東印象》1949年1月
《見證中國：愛潑斯坦回憶錄》（瀋蘇儒等譯）北京：新世界出版社（2004年），415頁，ISBN 780187241X
《歷史不應忘記》（瀋蘇儒，賈宗誼等譯）北京：五洲傳播出版社（2005年），230頁，ISBN 7508506936
《見證中國：一個中國籍猶太人的訴說》，2005年
首先以英文出版的作品
《中國尚未結束的革命》，力圖布朗公司（Little, Brown and Company）（1947年），精裝442頁
首先以中文出版，後翻譯成英文的作品
《從鴉片戰爭到解放》，北京：新世界出版社（1956年），精裝146頁
《西藏的轉變》，北京：新世界出版社（1983年），平裝563頁，ISBN 0835110877
《宋慶齡：二十世紀的偉大女性》，新世界出版社（北京，1993年），精裝本，ISBN 7800051617
Early life and education
Israel Epstein was born on April 20, 1915 in Warsaw, which was at the time under Imperial Russian control (currently part of Poland). His father had been imprisoned by the authorities of czarist Russia for leading a labor uprising and his mother had been exiled to Siberia. Epstein's father was sent by his company to Japan after the outbreak of the World War I; when the German Army approached Warsaw, his mother and Epstein fled and joined him in Asia. After having experienced anti-Jewish sentiment in several places, in 1917, Epstein came to China with his parents at the age of two and they settled in Tianjin (formerly Tientsin) in 1920.
[edit]Journalism
Israel Epstein began to work in journalism at age 15, when he wrote for the Peking and Tientsin Times, an English-language newspaper based in Tianjin. He also covered the Japanese Invasion of China for the United Press and other Western news agencies. In the autumn of 1938, he joined the China Defense League, which had been established by Soong Ching-ling, Sun Yat-sen's widow, for the purpose of publicizing and enlisting international support for the Chinese cause. In 1941, he faked news about his own death as a decoy for the Japanese who were trying to arrest him. The misinformation even found its way into a short item printed in the New York Times.
After being assigned to review one of the books of Edgar Snow, Israel Epstein and Snow came to know each other personally and Snow showed him his classic work Red Star Over China before it was published.
In 1934, Epstein married Edith Bihovsky Epstein, later Ballin, from whom he was divorced in the early 1940s. In 1944, Epstein first visited Britain and afterwards went to live in the United States with his second wife Elsie Fairfax-Cholmeley for five years. During this time, he worked for Allied Labor News and published his book The Unfinished Revolution in China in 1949. Many years later, Ms. Cholmeley would become known to a generation of Chinese language students in China and around the world as a contributor to one of the most widely used Chinese-English dictionaries published in the PRC. After Ms. Cholmeley's death in 1984, Israel Epstein married his third wife, Wan Bi.
[edit]China Today magazine
In 1951, Soong Ching-ling invited him to return to China to edit the magazine China Reconstructs, which was later renamed China Today. He remained editor-in-chief of China Today until his retirement at age 70, and then editor emeritus. During his tenure at China Today, he became a Chinese citizen in 1957 and a member of the Communist Party of China in 1964. In 1955, 1965 and 1976 visited Tibet, and based on these 3 visits, he published in 1983 the book "Tibet Transformed".
[edit]Imprisonment
During the Cultural Revolution, on charges of plotting against Zhou Enlai, he was imprisoned in 1968 in the north of Beijing in Qincheng Prison, where he was subjected to solitary confinement. In 1973, he was released. Zhou merely apologized. His privileges were restored. Despite of his 5 years imprisonment, he remained loyal to the ideals of Communism until his death. Israel Epstein was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference, an advisory body, in 1983.
[edit]Honours
During his life, Israel Epstein was honored by Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and current Chinese President Hu Jintao. His funeral was held at the Babaoshan Cemetery for Revolutionaries, in Shijingshan District, Beijing on June 3, 2005 at 9:30 A.M. The ceremony was attended by many officials, among them President Hu Jintao, Premier Wen Jiabao, as well as Politburo Standing Committee members Jia Qinglin and Li Changchun. After the service, his body was cremated.
[edit]Published works
The People's War, 1939
A Memoir of More than 80 Years in China
My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and a Journalist, Long River Press, 2005
[edit]First published in English
The Unfinished Revolution in China, Little Brown and Company (1947), hardcover, 442 pp.
[edit]Published in Chinese, translated into English
From Opium War to Liberation, New World Press (Beijing, 1956), hardcover, 146 pp.
Tibet Transformed, New World Press (Beijing, 1983), trade paperback, 563 pp, ISBN 0-8351-1087-7
Woman in World History: Soong Ching Ling" New World Press (Beijing, 1993), hardcover, ISBN 7-80005-161-7