| Ethel Lilian Boole | |||
| 艾捷爾·麗蓮·伏尼契 | |||
| 艾捷爾·麗蓮·爾 | |||
| 出生地: | 愛爾蘭科 | ||
阅读伏尼契 Ethel Lilian Voynich在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
艾捷爾·麗蓮·伏尼契,(愛爾蘭語:Ethel Lilian Voynich,1864年5月1日-1960年8月27日),婚前姓爾,愛爾蘭小說和音樂、革命事業的支持者。是卡瑪的曾姨母。她生於科,父親是數學家喬治·爾,母親是女權主義哲學家瑪麗·埃佛勒斯——喬治·埃佛勒斯的侄女、20世紀早起刊物《Crank》的作者。1893年她與威爾弗德·邁爾·伏尼契結婚。
生平
她主要以小說《牛虻》知名,該書於1897年在美國和英國出版,講述一名意大利革命者的爭。這部小說在聯受歡迎,在那兒成為暢銷書和必讀書,因為意識形態上可被利用;由於類似原因它在中國也很出名。伏尼契死時,《牛虻》售出2500000本,1928年和1955年還被改編成電影。
歷史史學者羅賓·魯斯·洛哈特透露,悉尼·賴利——一個俄羅斯出生的冒險和特務,受雇於英國秘密情報局,1895年在倫敦會見艾捷爾·伏尼契。艾捷爾·伏尼契在維多利亞期的文和俄羅斯流亡人士圈內都是重要人物。洛哈特當時也在情報部門供職,他聲稱伏尼契與賴利曾有婚外情,還曾一起遠渡意大利。期間賴利告訴伏尼契他在俄國的青年生活,來《牛虻》中的主角亞瑟·伯頓即是以他為原型。不過賴利的傳記作者安德魯·庫不承認此說,認為賴利可能將伏尼契的親流亡者激進活動告知政治部。
聯天文學家塔瑪拉·米哈伊洛夫娜·斯米爾諾娃1970年現的小行星2032(2032 Ethel)即以艾捷爾命名。
參考資料
- ^ 《專訪“文革”反思片洋導演卡瑪》 六、“文革”遠比猶太人被迫害更雜
- ^ Showalter 1977, p. 63.
- ^ Sometimes given as Everett. Showalter 1977, p. 63.
- ^ Showalter 1977, pp.251–252.
- ^ Cork City Libraries 互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2007-11-18. provides a downloadable PDF 頁存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館 of Evgeniya Taratuta's 1957 biographical pamphlet Our Friend Ethel Lilian Boole/Voynich, translated from the Russian by Séamus Ó Coigligh. The pamphlet gives some idea of the Soviet attitude toward Voynich.
- ^ Robin Bruce Lockhart, Reilly: Ace of Spies; 1986, Hippocrene Books, ISBN 0-88029-072-2.
- ^ Andrew Cook, Ace of Spies: The True Story of Sidney Reilly, 2004, Tempus Publishing, ISBN 0-7524-2959-0. Page 39.
- Showalter, Elaine. A literature of their own: from Charlotte Brontë to Doris Lessing. Princeton University Press, 1977, ISBN 978-0-8606-8285-1.
- An article in the Princeton University Library Chronicle, Vol XXVIII Autumn 1966
1882年,她得到親友的一筆遺贈,身前往德國求學;1885年畢業於柏林音樂學院; 其間還曾在柏林大學聽講斯拉夫學課程。1887年蒲爾學成歸國,在倫敦結識在此的各 國者。其中民粹派作千克克勤克儉拉甫欽斯基(筆名為斯吉普涅雅)對她影響最大。在他的鼓 勵下,她曾前往旅遊兩年,和彼得堡的團體有過聯繫。
1892年,她和一個受過她幫助、來從流放地逃到倫敦的波蘭者米哈依.伏尼契結 婚。夫婦一起積極參與者的活動。伏尼契擔任者辦的《自由俄羅斯》雜志的編輯, 她還出版《俄羅斯幽默文集》,其中翻譯介紹果戈理和亞.尼.奧斯特羅夫斯基的作品。伏 尼契還結識普列漢諾夫、札鄰里里程奇,曾到恩格斯鄰里里程作客。
1897年,伏尼契的著名小說《牛虻》出版。聯作尼.阿.奧斯特洛夫斯基在他的小 說《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》中,曾對牛虻有過高度評價。在六七十年代的中國大陸,牛虻這個人物 曾影響許多當時的青年。
伏尼契還創作其他一些作品。其中有小說《傑.雷蒙》(1901),帶有自傳性質的小說 《奧利芙.雷瑟姆》(1904),敘述“牛虻”離出走13年的經的小說《中斷的友誼》 (1910)。
伏尼契晚年遷居美國紐約,聯文學界人士曾到她紐約的寓所訪問,為她放映根小說 《牛虻》改編的電影。1960年7月27日伏尼契在紐約寓所去世。
In 1882, a legacy of her relatives and friends and go alone to Germany to study; 1885, graduated from the Berlin Academy of Music; the meantime had also lecture at the Berlin University Slavic Studies courses. 1887, Pu Er studies abroad, met in London who in this countries. One carat Fu Cinschi populist writer (pen name for the Sijipunie Jacques) the greatest impact on her. Under his encouragement, she had to travel for two years, and St. Petersburg groups had contact.
In 1892, she and a trained her to help, and later fled to exile in London from Poland were Mikhail. Voynich marriage. Couple together active participants in activities. Voynich as a person to do the "Free Russia" magazine editor, she also published "Russian humor Collected Works", which translated introduced Gogol and sub. Nepal. Ostrovsky work. Voynich also met Plekhanov, Zhasuliqi, and went to the guest house and Engels.
In 1897, the famous Voynich novel "Gadfly" was published. Soviet writer Nepal. A. Ostrovsky in his novel "How the Steel Was Tempered" in, had had a highly Gadfly. In the sixties and seventies of the Chinese mainland, gadfly has affected many in this figure were young people.
Voynich also created a number of other works. Including novels, "Jack. Raymond" (1901), with the autobiographical novel "Olive. Wretham" (1904), described "gadfly," running away from home 13 years after the novel experience, "interrupted friendship "(1910).
Voynich later years moved to New York, the Soviet literary people had access to her apartment in New York, and her show under the novel "gadfly," a film adaptation. July 27, 1960 Voynich died in New York apartment.

