| Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie | |||||
| 亞歷山大·仲馬 | |||||
閱讀大仲馬 Alexandre Dumas père在小说之家的作品!!! | |||||
大仲马亞歷山大·仲馬（法語：Alexandre Dumas，發音：[a.lɛk.sɑ̃dʁ dy.ma], 原名Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, [dy.ma da.vi‿d.la pa.jə.tʁi]，1802年7月24日－1870年12月5日），19世紀法國浪漫主義文豪，世界文學名著《基督山伯爵》的作者。
大仲馬自學成纔，主要以小說和劇作著稱於世，最著名的作品除了《基督山伯爵》之外，還包括《三劍客》、《二十年後》和《布拉熱洛納子爵》，即達爾達尼央浪漫三部麯。他一生創作甚多，著有150多部小說，90多個劇本等，其實大多數是他為了還債，聘用其他文人所寫，挂名“大仲馬著”以便行銷，因此被攻擊為“小說製造工廠的廠長”。[需要更好來源]
“仲馬”的譯名，是清末翻譯傢林紓依福州話的語音所譯。其子“小仲馬”也是法國著名文學家，為區分兩人，遂稱其子為小仲馬，稱之為大仲馬（法語：Dumas, père）。
法國大爆發後，亞歷山大·仲馬屢建奇功，當上共和政府將軍。大仲馬終生信守共和政見，一貫反對君主，憎恨復闢王朝，不滿七月王朝，反對第二帝國。他飽嘗種族歧視，心中受到創傷。家庭出身和經歷使大仲馬形成了反對不平、追求正義的叛逆性格。
大仲馬自學成纔，一生寫的各種類型作品達300捲之多，主要以小說和劇作著稱於世。大仲馬的劇本《享利第三及其宮廷》（1829）比雨果的《歐那尼》還早問世一年。這出浪漫主義戲劇，完全破除了古典主義“三一律”。
大仲馬小說多達百部，大都以真實的歷史作背景，以主人公的奇遇為內容，情節麯折生動，處處出人意外，堪稱歷史驚險小說。異乎尋常的理想英雄，急劇發展的故事情節，緊張的打鬥動作，清晰明朗的完整結構，生動有力的語言，靈活機智的對話等構成了大仲馬小說的特色。最著名的是《三個火槍手》，又譯《三劍客》、《山伯爵》。
Alexandre Dumas (UK: /ˈdjuːmɑː, dʊˈmɑː/, US: /duːˈmɑː/; French: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ dymɑ]; born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie [dymɑ davi də la pajət(ə)ʁi]; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas père (where père is French for 'father', thus 'the elder/senior'), was a French writer. His works have been translated into many languages, and he is one of the most widely read French authors. Many of his historical novels of high adventure were originally published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. His novels have been adapted since the early twentieth century into nearly 200 films.
Prolific in several genres, Dumas began his career by writing plays, which were successfully produced from the first. He also wrote numerous magazine articles and travel books; his published works totalled 100,000 pages. In the 1840s, Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris.
His father, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, was born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman, and Marie-Cessette Dumas, an enslaved woman of African descent. At age 14, Thomas-Alexandre was taken by his father to France, where he was educated in a military academy and entered the military for what became an illustrious career.
Dumas's father's aristocratic rank helped young Alexandre acquire work with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, then as a writer, a career which led to early success. Decades later, after the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1851, Dumas fell from favour and left France for Belgium, where he stayed for several years, then moved to Russia for a few years before going to Italy. In 1861, he founded and published the newspaper L'Indépendent, which supported Italian unification, before returning to Paris in 1864.
Though married, in the tradition of Frenchmen of higher social class, Dumas had numerous affairs (allegedly as many as 40). He was known to have had at least four illegitimate children, although twentieth-century scholars believe it was seven. He acknowledged and assisted his son, Alexandre Dumas, to become a successful novelist and playwright. They are known as Alexandre Dumas père ('father') and Alexandre Dumas fils ('son'). Among his affairs, in 1866, Dumas had one with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American actress then less than half his age and at the height of her career.
The English playwright Watts Phillips, who knew Dumas in his later life, described him as "the most generous, large-hearted being in the world. He also was the most delightfully amusing and egotistical creature on the face of the earth. His tongue was like a windmill – once set in motion, you never knew when he would stop, especially if the theme was himself."