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閱讀安妮·普魯剋斯 Edna Annie Proulx在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
1955年，她從佛蒙特大學輟學，跟在演出界工作的第一任丈夫結婚，婚後生了一個女孩，離婚後女兒跟前夫一起生活，直到普魯剋斯晚年女兒纔回到她身邊。對於第二次婚姻，普魯剋斯總是刻意回避，不想多談。不過，在這次婚姻中，她生育了兩個兒子。1969年，她第三次結婚，婚後又生了1個兒子。20年後，她和丈夫在友好氣氛中分手。她說："我無法組建一個傳統的家庭，這東西不適合我。"
1970年代初，她突然發現"自己不屬於城市，很大程度上是個鄉村人"。於是，她回到佛蒙特州住在鄉村地區，靠為教人釣魚和捕獵的雜志寫稿子，賺錢養活三個兒子。
50多歲時，安妮.普魯剋斯纔正式開始寫作生涯，但這並不妨礙她1993年成為福剋納文學奬的第一位美國女性，而且獲奬作品是長篇小說處女作《明信片》。第二年，普魯剋斯憑藉《船訊》，獲得普利策奬和國傢圖書奬。普魯剋斯的文字，以簡潔、優美見長，其優雅的散文風格，使小說富有音樂般的韻律。
"寫作前先學會生活"，這是文學界的一句箴言，普魯剋斯就是這句箴言的實踐者。
50多歲開始寫作前，為了養傢，安妮.普魯剋斯做過餐館女招待、郵政工人、自由作傢，寫過關於葡萄種植、籬笆修理、劃獨木舟、釀造蘋果酒等技藝的文章。此外，她還會釣魚、拉小提琴、打獵、造房子。對於寫作，普魯剋斯力求在寫作中傳達最真實的場景。她說："探求事情發生的地點和經過成為我的第二天性。"
有評論傢這樣評論她："在普魯剋斯的筆下，小說更像是通過一針一綫慢慢縫製而成的織品。"
《斷背山》是安妮.普魯剋斯1999年出版的《近距離：懷俄明故事集》的最後一個故事。普魯剋斯說，創作《斷背山》的靈感，來自在懷俄明一處酒吧的經歷。那個夜晚，普魯剋斯在酒吧裏留意到一名上了年紀的老牛仔，"他表情裏的某種東西，某種悲傷的渴望，讓我懷疑他是不是鄉村同性戀者。"
不過，普魯剋斯強調，她完全憑想象力來完成對兩個沒受過多少教育、風格粗獷的年輕牛仔的刻畫。小說中的主人公，與現實生活的人沒有任何關係。她稱，長年來在美國農村地區、尤其是西部地區，她觀察到美國鄉村人對同性戀者極端憎惡，這促使她寫下了這個故事。
《斷背山》是一部衹有2萬字的短篇小說，講述了1960年代兩個懷俄明牛仔之間的戀愛故事：在斷背山看護羊群的過程中，在跟惡劣自然環境鬥爭的過程中，兩個不到20歲的牛仔相愛了；但迫於世俗的壓力，他們不敢公開自己的性取嚮，各自娶妻生子，壓抑地生活着，把對彼此的愛深深地藏在心底。
1997年，《紐約客》雜志刊載了短篇小說《斷背山》。這讓普魯剋斯喜出望外，因為她根本沒有指望發表。更出乎意料的是，《斷背山》後來獲得短篇小說的最高奬項 -- -- 歐-亨利奬以及國傢雜志奬。
2006年華人導演李安將《斷背山》拍成同名電影，獲得了第78屆奧斯卡金像奬的最佳導演奬和最佳改編劇本奬。
Life and career
Proulx (born Edna Ann Proulx, her first name honoring one of her mother's aunts), was born in Norwich, Connecticut, to parents of English and Native American/French-Canadian ancestry.[citation needed] Five of her maternal forebears came to America on the Mayflower.[citation needed] She graduated from Deering High School in Portland, Maine, then attended Colby College "for a short period in the 1950s", where she met her first husband H. Ridgely Bullock, Jr. She later returned to college, studying at the University of Vermont from 1966 to 1969, and graduated cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a Bachelor of Arts in History in 1969. She got her Master of Arts from Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University) in Montreal, Quebec in 1973 and pursued, but did not complete, her Ph.D. Starting as a journalist. Her first published work of fiction is thought to be "The Customs Lounge", a science fiction story published in the September 1963 issue of If, under the byline "E.A. Proulx". Another contender, probably earlier, was a science fiction story called "All the Pretty Little Horses", which appeared in teen magazine "Seventeen" possibly a year or two before this. She subsequently published stories in Esquire magazine and Gray's Sporting Journal in the late 1970s, eventually publishing her first collection in 1988 and her first novel in 1992. Subsequently, she was awarded NEA (in 1992) and Guggenheim (in 1993) fellowships.
A few years after receiving much attention for The Shipping News, she had the following comment on her celebrity status: "It's not good for one's view of human nature, that's for sure. You begin to see, when invitations are coming from festivals and colleges to come read (for an hour for a hefty sum of money), that the institutions are head-hunting for trophy writers. Most don't particularly care about your writing or what you're trying to say. You're there as a human object, one that has won a prize. It gives you a very odd, ginger kind of sensation."
In 1997, Annie Proulx was awarded the Dos Passos Prize. Proulx has twice won the O. Henry Prize for the year's best short story. In 1998, she won for "Brokeback Mountain," which had appeared in The New Yorker on October 13, 1997. Proulx won again the following year for "The Mud Below," which appeared in The New Yorker June 22 and 29, 1999. Both appear in her 1999 collection of short stories, Close Range: Wyoming Stories. The lead story in this collection, entitled "The Half-Skinned Steer," was selected by author Garrison Keillor for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories 1998, (Proulx herself edited the 1997 edition of this series) and later by novelist John Updike for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories of the Century (1999). In 2001 Proulx was one of the writers heavily criticized by Brian Reynolds Myers in his polemical work A Reader's Manifesto.
Proulx lived for more than thirty years in Vermont, has married and divorced three times, and has three sons and a daughter (named Jonathan, Gillis, Morgan, and Sylvia, a.k.a. "Muffy"). In 1994, she moved to Wyoming, where she currently resides, spending part of the year in northern Newfoundland on a small cove adjacent to L'Anse aux Meadows.
Proulx has four sisters: twins Joyce and Janet, who live in Louisana and Florida respectively; Roberta, of Fairlee, Vermont, and Jude, another writer who lives in Wales. Proulx has chosen to have little contact with any of her family over the years. In 2007, she attended a memorial for her father, George Napoleon Proulx, at which all five sisters were together for the first time in over 40 years.
Bibliography
* Sweet and Hard Cider: Making It, Using It and Enjoying It (1980; with Lew Nichols), ISBN 0-88266-242-2
* Plan and Make Your Own Fences & Gates, Walkways, Walls & Drives (1983), ISBN 0-87857-452-2
* The Gourmet Gardener: Growing Choice Fruits and Vegetables with Spectacular Results (1987), ISBN 0-449-90227-7
* Heartsongs and Other Stories (1988), ISBN 0-684-18717-5 (reprint ISBN 0-02-036075-4)
* Postcards (1992), ISBN 0-684-83368-9
* The Shipping News (1993), ISBN 0-684-85791-X
* Accordion Crimes (1996), ISBN 0-684-19548-8
* Close Range: Wyoming Stories (1999), ISBN 0-684-85222-5
* That Old Ace in the Hole (2002), ISBN 0-684-81307-6
* Bad Dirt: Wyoming Stories 2 (2004), ISBN 0-7432-5799-5
* Fine Just the Way It Is: Wyoming Stories 3 (2008), ISBN 978-1416571667
Awards
Literary Awards and Prize Collections:
* 2004—Aga Khan Prize for Fiction for "The Wamsutter Wolf"
* 2002—Best Foreign Language Novels of 2002 / Best American Novel Award, Chinese Publishing Association and Peoples' Literature Publishing House (That Old Ace in the Hole)
* 2000—WILLA Literary Award, Women Writing the West
* 2000—Borders Original Voices Award in Fiction (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)
* 2000—"People in Hell Just Want a Drink of Water," Best American Short Stories 2000
* 2000—English-Speaking Union's Ambassador Book Award (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)
* 2000—The New Yorker Book Award Best Fiction 1999 (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)
* 1999—"Half-Skinned Steer" inc. Best American Short Stories of the Century, ed. J. Updike
* 1999—"The Bunchgrass Edge of the World," The Best American Short Stories 1999
* 1999—"The Mud Below," O. Henry Awards Prize Stories 1999
* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain" National Magazine Award
* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain" inc. O. Henry Awards Prize Stories 1998
* 1998—"Half-Skinned Steer" inc. Best American Short Stories 1998
* 1997—John Dos Passos Prize for Literature (for body of work)
* 1997—Shortlisted for the 1997 Orange Prize (Accordion Crimes)
* 1994—Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (The Shipping News)
* 1994—National Book Award for fiction (The Shipping News)
* 1993—Irish Times International Fiction Prize (The Shipping News)
* 1993—Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize for Fiction (The Shipping News)
* 1993—PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction (Postcards)
Film adaptations
* The Shipping News (2001) was directed by Lasse Hallström and featured Kevin Spacey as the protagonist Quoyle, Judi Dench as Agnis Hamm and Julianne Moore as Wavey Prowse.
* Brokeback Mountain (2005), directed by Ang Lee and starring Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, was based on a story of the same name in Proulx's collection of short stories, Close Range.