伊麗莎白·彼得羅芙娜·羅曼諾娃 | |||||||
|
伊麗莎白·彼得羅芙娜於1741年因宮廷政變推翻伊凡六世而即位。她宣佈繼承彼得大帝的傳統,廢除了壞名聲的內閣,恢復了元老院,並把權力集中於它。
這個時期俄國的實權掌握在彼得·蘇沃洛夫等人手中。1754年起廢除國內關稅。設立貴族銀行和商人銀行,以及組織國際貿易的公司,俄羅斯經濟呈現出生機。1755年創建莫斯科大學。1757年設立藝術院。另一方面,禁止貴族以外的人有土地所有權,同時把伏特加酒壟斷權給予貴族,還給予地主任意把犯罪農民流放到西伯利亞的權力。農民處境進一步惡化。
伊麗莎白·彼得羅芙娜寵愛烏剋蘭歌手拉蘇莫夫斯基。對外政策方面,在七年戰爭中與奧、法結盟。1762年病逝。皇位由彼得三世繼承。
Her domestic policies allowed the nobles to gain dominance in local government while shortening their terms of service to the state. She encouraged Lomonosov's establishment of the University of Moscow and Shuvalov's foundation of the Academy of Fine Arts in Saint Petersburg. She also spent exorbitant sums of money on the grandiose baroque projects of her favourite architect, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, particularly in Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo. The Winter Palace and the Smolny Cathedral remain the chief monuments of her reign in Saint Petersburg. Generally, she was one of the best loved Russian monarchs, because she did not allow Germans in the government and not one person was executed during her reign.