美國 美國重建和工業化  (1837年三月18日～1908年六月24日)

开端 终结 在位 1885年 1897年 

　　史蒂芬·格羅弗·利夫蘭（Stephen Grover Cleveland，1837年3月18日－1908年6月24日），美國政治，第22（1885年3月4日 – 1889年3月4日）和24任（March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897）美國總統，是唯一分開任兩屆的總統，也是內戰第一個當選總統的民主人。在他任期內，自由女神像在紐約市竪立。
　　
　　他被人認為是獨立、誠實的總統，他在反腐敗、反政分贓等方面作貢獻，但也鎮壓工人罷工，否决過一些例如給災民分姓种种氏子等的福利法案，還否决照顧內戰老兵的法案。對外，他反對擴張，實行孤立主義。他在當選前是一位律師，卸任，他還在一人壽保險公司供職。

　　Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was both the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for President three times—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was the only Democrat elected to the Presidency in the era of Republican political domination that lasted from 1860 to 1912. Cleveland's admirers praise him for his honesty, independence, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. As a leader of the Bourbon Democrats, he opposed imperialism, taxes, subsidies and inflationary policies, but as a reformer he also worked against corruption, patronage, and bossism.
　　
　　Some of Cleveland's actions caused controversy even within his own party. His intervention in the Pullman Strike of 1894 in order to keep the railroads moving angered labor unions, and his support of the gold standard and opposition to free silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democrats. Furthermore, critics complained that he had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters—depressions and strikes—in his second term. Even so, his reputation for honesty and good character survived the troubles of his second term. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote, "in Grover Cleveland the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have. He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not."