美國 美國重建和工業化  (1831年十一月19日～1881年九月19日)

開端 終結 在位 1881年 1881年 

　　詹姆斯·艾伯拉姆·加菲爾德（James Abram Garfield，1831年11月19日－1881年9月19日），美國政治傢，生於俄亥俄州。美國共和黨人。南北戰爭期間加入北方軍隊，與南方奴隸製軍隊作戰，擁有少將軍銜。擔任過基督會的長老。曾於1881年當選總統，成為美國首位具有神職人員身分的總統，他的任期正處於從政黨分肥製到文官製的過渡時期，他在上任半年後被一個謀官未成者暗殺而死，成為繼林肯之後第二位被暗殺的美國總統，任期：1881年3月15日 – 1881年9月19日。他的第一夫人是盧剋麗霞·魯道夫。他曾經對勾股定理提出了一種新的面積證明方法。

　　James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States. His death, two months after being shot and six months after his inauguration, made his tenure, at 199 days, the second shortest (after William Henry Harrison) in United States history.
　　
　　Before his election as president, Garfield served as a major general in the United States Army and as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and as a member of the Electoral Commission of 1876. Garfield was the second U.S. President to be assassinated; Abraham Lincoln was the first. President Garfield, a Republican, had been in office a scant four months when he was shot and fatally wounded on July 2, 1881. He lived until September 19, having served for six months and fifteen days. To date, Garfield is the only sitting member of the House of Representatives to have been elected President.