元代  (1269年九月12日～1354年十一月10日)

姓：	陸
名：	堅
字：	子久
网笔号：	大癡; 一峰; 大癡道人; 一峰道人
出生地：	平江常熟
 诗词： 《【中呂】醉中天·李嵩髑髏紈扇》    阅读黃公望 Huang Gongwang在诗海的作品!!!

　　字子久，號大癡，又號一峰。世居平江常熟（今屬江蘇省）， 本陸氏子，名堅，自幼過繼永嘉黃氏，遂徙富春（今浙江富陽縣）。天姿孤高，應神童科。至元中浙西廉訪使徐琰為書吏，以事罷。延祐中遊京師，為御史察院掾，忤權豪下獄，得出，遂不仕。寓居江，往來錢塘、吳中，晚居西湖筲箕泉。己而歸富春，卒。工詩，有《大癡道人集》。尤善畫，宗董源、巨然，運思落筆，出人意，自成一，為元四大畫之一。著有《寫山水訣》。又通音律，長詞、短麯， 落筆即成。

Huang Gongwang (1269–1354), birth name Lu Jian (Chinese: 陸堅; pinyin: Lù Jiān), was Chinese painter, poet, and writer during the late Song dynasty in Changshu, Jiangsu. He was the oldest of the "Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty".

At the age of 10, the Song fell to the Mongol founders of the Yuan Dynasty and he, like many other Chinese scholars of the time, found his path to officialdom and a good career severely limited. "He was first an unranked ling-shih at a Surveillance Office in the Chiang-che Branch Secretariat (Province), probably engaged in some sort of land tax supervision. Later he served as a secretary in the metropolitan Censorate where he was unfortunately involved in the slander case of a minister, Chang Lu. He seems to have spent quite some time in jail before retreating into Taoism [as did many others of the age--another was the famous painter Ni Zan], completely disillusioned." He spent his last years in the Fu-ch'un mountains near Hangzhou devoting himself to Taoism, where around 1350 he completed one of his most famous, and arguably greatest, works, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains.

In art he rejected the landscape conventions of his era's Academy, but is now regarded as one of the great literati painters. Art historian James Cahill identified Huang Gongwang as the artist who "most decisively altered the course of landscape painting, creating models that would have a profound effect on landscapists of later centuries." One of Huang Gongwang's strongest influences was his technique of using very dry brush strokes together with light ink washes (when colour is applied to a specific area using a soft-haired brush with wide strokes that blend them together into a unified wash) to build up his landscape paintings. He also wrote a treatise on landscape painting, Secrets of Landscape Painting (寫山水訣, Xiě Shānshuǐ Jué).

As was typical for Chinese scholar-officials of his era, he also wrote poetry and had some talent for music.

References

• Masterpieces of Chinese Art (pages 87–90), by Rhonda and Jeffrey Cooper, Todtri Productions, 1997. ISBN 1-57717-060-1
• James Cahill, "The Yuan Dynasty" in Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting, ed. by Yang Xin, Richard M. Barnhart, et al. Yale University Press, 1997.
• Sherman E. Lee and Wai-Kam Ho. Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968.

External links

• Landscapes Clear and Radiant: The Art of Wang Hui (1632-1717), an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Huang Gongwang (see index)
• Huang Gongwang and "Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains" at the National Palace Museum