閱讀阿赫瑪杜琳娜 Bella Akhmadulina在诗海的作品!!! | |||
畢業於莫斯科高爾基文學院，1962年她出版了第一本詩集《琴弦》，並於同年參加蘇聯作傢協會。
阿赫瑪杜琳娜和葉夫圖申科、沃茲涅先斯基通被稱為蘇共二十大、二十二大的詩人。他們三人不僅思想一致，彼此常常寫詩相獻。沃茲涅先斯基稱她是“俄羅斯光榮”。葉夫圖申科說她是有“無限魅力的女詩人”，說她“繼承了像阿赫馬托娃和茨維塔耶娃這樣一些俄國女詩人的傳統”，蘇聯批評傢弗拉基米爾·奧格涅夫把阿赫瑪杜琳娜的詩說是“尤如雷達，對於私下襲來的危險或對於新近發現的快樂，都能立刻做出反應。雷達這一詞不是隨便用的，它充分表達了她的詩給人的那種感覺——經常的警惕和對世界的矛盾看法”。
阿赫瑪杜琳娜的詩作，剛強道勁，表現細膩，卻又毫不流於纖巧。她善於從普通的生活中，攝取詩意，然後曉以深邃的哲理。她想象力開闊，情理迅速交替，使人目不暇接，語言雖不華彩，卻莊重深沉。對人生、自然的思考，是她的詩作中經常出現的主題，開拓較深，角度也較新穎。
她的詩集有《琴弦》、《風雪》、《蠟燭》等。1977年，她被美國文學藝術研究院推選為名譽院士。
貝拉·阿赫瑪杜琳娜（俄語：Бе́лла (Изабе́лла) Аха́товна Ахмаду́лина，拉丁化：Bella Achatowna Achmadulina，1937年4月10日－2010年11月29日），俄蘇詩人、短篇小說傢、翻譯傢。她是俄國新浪潮文學運動的參與者，在世時曾被約瑟夫·布羅茨基稱為“最優秀的在世俄語詩人”。赫魯曉夫解凍時她曾數次出國訪問，贏得羅國際讀者的註意。雖然她的作品並不關心政治，但她還是經常批評蘇聯當局，並聲援那些持不同政見的知識分子，包括諾貝爾奬獲得者帕斯捷爾納剋、薩哈羅夫和索爾仁尼琴。
Despite the aforementioned apolitical stance of her writing, Akhmadulina was often critical of authorities in the Soviet Union, and spoke out in favour of others, including Nobel laureates Boris Pasternak, Andrei Sakharov, and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. She was known to international audiences via her travels abroad during the Khrushchev Thaw, during which she made appearances in sold-out stadiums. Upon her death in 2010 at the age of 73, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev hailed her poetry as a "classic of Russian literature."
The New York Times said Akhmadulina was "always recognized as one of the Soviet Union's literary treasures and a classic poet in the long line extending from Lermontov and Pushkin." Sonia I. Ketchian, writing in The Poetic Craft of Bella Akhmadulina, called her "one of the great poets of the 20th century. There's Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, and Pasternak — and she's the fifth".
Early life, education and work
Bella Akhmadulina was born the only child of a Tatar father and a Russian-Italian mother. Her birth occurred on 10 April 1937. They underwent evacuation to Kazan when World War II broke out.
Akhmadulina's literary career began when she was a school-girl working as a journalist at the Moscow newspaper, Metrostroevets, and improving her poetic skills at a circle organized by the poet Yevgeny Vinokurov. Her first poems appeared in the magazine October after being approved by established Soviet poets. These first poems were published in 1955. Émigré critic Marc Slonim described her prospects as follows in 1964 (Soviet Russian Literature): "Her voice has such a purity of tone, such richness of timbre, such individuality of diction, that if her growth continues she will be able some day to succeed Akhmatova" as "the greatest living woman poet in Russia".
After finishing school, Akhmadulina entered the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute from which she graduated in 1960. While studying at the institute, she published her poems and articles in different newspapers, both official and handwritten. She was the subject of criticism in Komsomolskaya Pravda in 1957. She was expelled in 1959 (but allowed re-entry as time progressed) as a result of her opposition to the persecution of Boris Pasternak. In 1962 the first collection of her poems, titled Struna (The String), was published and was a resounding success. In spite of being expunged, many of her collections of verses were published later: Music lessons (1970), Poems (1975), Candle (1977), Dreams of Georgia (1977), The Mystery (1983), Coastline (1991), and others. A collection called Sad (Garden) led to Akhmadulina receiving the USSR State Prize in 1989.
"Many dogs and one dog", a short story written in a surreal style, was published in 1979 in Samizdat's Metropol Almanac. She assisted in the creation of Metropol. She wrote essays about Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov.
She appeared in sold-out stadiums in the 1960s, as did the poets Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Andrei Voznesensky and Robert Rozhdestvensky.
Her open letter was published supporting the exiled Andrei Sakharov. In October 1993, she signed the Letter of Forty-Two.
She was a journalist in a 1964 film.
Bella participated in many international poetry events including Kuala Lumpur International Poetry Reading (1988).
After the Soviet Union she published Casket and Key (1994), A Guiding Sound (1995) and One Day in December (1996).
Translation
The main themes of Akhmadulina's works are friendship, love, and relations between people. She wrote numerous essays about Russian poets and translators, some devoted to her close friend, Bulat Okudzhava. Akhmadulina avoided writing overtly political poems, but took part in political events in her youth, supporting the so-called "dissident movement". She translated into Russian poetry from France, Italy, Chechnya, Poland, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, and many others.
Akhmadulina wrote in a "resolutely apolitical" style. She made use of imagery and humour in her work. She used rhymed quatrains in her early works, which discussed ordinary, yet imaginative occurrences from daily life in language that was full of both archaisms and neologisms. Religion and philosophy became her themes as she aged and she wrote in longer forms.
Personal life
Bella Akhmadulina and Anna Netrebko at the Russian State Prize ceremony at the Kremlin
Bella's first marriage in 1954 was to Yevgeny Yevtushenko, another famous poet of the era; her second husband since 1960 was Yuri Nagibin, major novelist and screenwriter. By her 1971 marriage to film director Eldar Kuliev she has a daughter, Elizaveta Kulieva, who is also a poetess. In 1974, she married her last husband, the famous artist and stage designer Boris Messerer. They had homes in Peredelkino and Moscow.
Death
Akhmadulina died at her home in Peredelkino near Moscow on 29 November 2010. She was 73 years old. Her death was announced about one hour later. Akhmadulina's husband said her death was from a heart condition, describing it as a " cardiovascular crisis". Dmitry Medvedev and Vladimir Putin both paid tribute, with Medvedev writing on his blog that the death was an "irreparable loss". Medevdev also wrote that Akhmadulina's poetry was a "classic of Russian literature".
Filmography
Cameo
I Am Twenty (1961), directed by Marlen Khutsiev
Actor
There lives such a guy (1964), directed by Vasily Shukshin (Russian: Живёт такой парень)
Sport, sport, sport (1970), directed by Elem Klimov
Screenwriter
Clean Ponds (1965), based on the works of Yuri Nagibin
Stuardess (1968)
Bibliography
Struna (The String), Moscow, 1962
Oznob (Fever), Frankfurt, 1968
Uroki Muzyki, (Music Lessons), 1969
Stikhi (Verses), 1975
Svecha (The Candle), 1977
Sny o Gruzii (Dreams of Georgia), 1978–79
Metell (Snow-Storm), 1977
Taina (The Secret), 1983
Sad (The Garden), 1987
Stikhotvorenie (A Poem), 1988
Izbrannoye (Selected Verse), 1988
Stikhi (Verses), 1988
Poberezhye (The Coast), 1991
Larets i Kliutch ('Casket and Key), 1994
Gryada Kamnei ('The Ridge of Stone), 1995
Samye Moi Stikhi (My Own Verses), 1995
Zvuk Ukazuyushchiy (A Guiding Sound), 1995
Odnazhdy v Dekabre (One Day in December), 1996
Award
In 1977, Bella Akhmadulina became an Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (see AAAL website).
USSR State Prize Laureate (1989)
State Prize of the Russian Federation (2004)
Order of Friendship of Peoples (1984)
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class (August 11, 2007) - for outstanding contribution to the development of national literature and many years of creative activity; 3rd class (April 7, 1997) - for services to the State and outstanding contribution to the development of national literature
Laureate of the Foundation "Banner" (1993)
Winner of the "Nosside" (Italy, 1994)
Laureate of "Triumph" (1994)
Pushkin Prize winner (1994)
Laureate of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of Literature and Art (1998)
Winner of "Brianza" (Italy, 1998)
Winner of the journal "Friendship of Peoples" (2000)
Prize winner Bulat Okudzhava (2003)
Honorary Member of Russian Academy of Arts