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周作人Early Experience
Zhou young private school in his hometown of Random House (Sanweishuwu) to accept the traditional Chinese Education in the later wave of new school in the country in 1901 to the Naval Academy in Nanjing into the south (the Republic of China Naval Academy after the change), the management shift (Marine Division; engineer professional) reading 6, when the professional subjects are written in English, so he had very basic English, and later obtain a government students, and his brother Lu Xun, friends Xushou Chang (Fu-season), who studied in Japan.
His study "a house built" (civil engineering, construction) of the names to go abroad, arrived after the first reading of Hosei University Foundation, Tokyo, Rikkyo University after the repair into the Greek and English and other Western languages (English quite the level of the ancient Zhou), read the "Anabasis" (student of Socrates Xenophon's writings) and other literary classics, also went to seminary school after-school gospel original Greek.
After-school and his brother translated and published "Foreign Stories" (in February 1909, printed the first one, to 6 months, and print 2 copies), these two small nations of Eastern European literature translated mainly also includes the works of Oscar Wilde, etc., in which the Gal Xun's "四日" Ante to husband "谩" and "silent" This three translations of Lu Xun, Lu Xun Zhou revision of the translation of the other articles, it is Part 1 of history directly from English, German text translated into Chinese classical collection of short stories.
Lu Xun, Zhou March 20, 1920 to the reprinted version of the 1-year essay on "Foreign Stories" Preface says: Each episode only sell to 20 in Tokyo, then nobody bought the first set and another 1 one is afraid of consignment at the non-compliance Xu Shouchang pricing, additional testing required to buy cable away (half a year later, the first consignment in Tokyo at the end nearest the account. Total first volume sold, the twenty-first book, the second volume is twenty, no one could later be bought. That first book sold more than one why it? Because there was a very familiar friend, for fear consignment office does not comply with pricing, additional demands, so the parents to test a back, Sure enough uniform Fuji to put the heart, the second not tested this - but view of this, which shows the twenty readers, is a must see, no one stop, we still very grateful), Shanghai of the consignment at the "is not yet known in detail.'ve heard nothing but sold twenty down, after no one bought. so the third book had circuit breakers, the book has become, they piled in the consignment at the Shanghai pileup in the room. After 2045, it was unfortunately consigned the fire at our books and cardboard are burnt to ashes together; we dream like this in the past useless labor, also completely eliminated in China. "
Hu, "Fifty Years of Chinese Literature", said: "Zhou also with his brother to use the classical translation of the novel. Their work is both classical high, but also can direct knowledge of Western culture, so their translation of" Foreign Stories "than in the translation of the novel is indeed much higher."
Cai March 18, 1919 open letter addressed to Lin Shu, said: "Jun Zhou's translation of" of fiction ", the writing of the ancient Olympics, scholars can greatly solution."
Zhou Brothers, Xu Shouchang, QIAN, etc. studied Sinology in Japan Taiyan home study "Dictionary", and forged friendships with each other. Zhou also has a short learning Russian in Japan (with a total of Lu Xun and other school), Sanskrit (ZHANG and teachers were learning, teachers are English-speaking Indians living in Japan, week to the teacher as an English translation) and so on.
North coach
Back to China from Japan in 1911, done half a year in 1912, Zhejiang Education Department inspection (inspectors), and later as the fifth high school teacher in Zhejiang Province established to teach English for 4 years, 1917 to Peking University to do at the codification of the subsidiary National History Compilation, 1918, after six months as Beijing University of Arts (Faculty of Arts), Professor, as the Greek and Roman literary history, the history of European literature, modern prose, Buddhist literature courses, and founder of Oriental Languages and Literature Department of Peking University, as the first head of the department, the Department faculty also Zhang Fengju, Xu Zu is so, and later in the day due to the outbreak of war closed.
His fresh and elegant, such as the words of homely vernacular, filled with deep China, Japan, Western classical and modern cultural awareness, sensation, published in the New Culture Movement is more far-reaching "people's literature" and "civilian literature," " ideological revolution "and other Enlightenment theoretical articles.
Zhou also widely in the community, was appointed in 1919, the Republic of China Ministry of Education Mandarin uniform preparatory members, and Ma Yu algae, Zhu Xizu, QIAN, Liu Fu, Hu 5 and Mandarin Peking University faculty members at the meeting jointly, "Please enactment of the new punctuation motion "passed by the General Assembly enacted the country. And Qian 1922, land-based, Li Jinxi, Yang Shuda, Hu, Shen and disabilities, and other members of either Mandarin Chinese province of a unified body of preparatory committee (16 people).
In 1922, the "non-Christian Movement" climax, he and QIAN, Shen Shi-Yuan, Shen and Shi and Ma Yu algae issued a "Declaration on freedom of belief", reaffirmed the spirit of freedom of belief.
Normal University in 1925 in a wave of women, to support progress in student Zhou, and Lu Xun, Ma Yu-algae, Shen Yinmo, Shen and Shi, QIAN et al petition issued a "Declaration of the Beijing Women's Normal University fashion", and as a female Normal School to maintain membership.
Sino-Japanese War
Left-ping
Mysterious shooting
New Year's Day in 1939, claimed to be his student and asked to see the guests himself, surnamed Li Zhou, suddenly shot him down, while the bullet was slightly injured in the buckle. Not reappear after the killer escape.
Who is on the perpetrators of the shooting has been mixed. Zhou always adhere to the Japanese military conspiracy, the Japanese side said that the KMT secret agents should do. After the war the author was in the United States, claiming the students that year, dissatisfied week and start the pro-Japanese behavior.
In fact, a time point, Zhou did not serve any administrative duties puppet regime, Hu presided over his first to be commissioned by the Cultural Fund, compiled, translated in English in the home and the ancient Greek manuscripts, was removed until the Cultural Fund Committee compiled moved to Hong Kong. September 1938 until the Yenching University (USA Christian background) and Literature 6 hours of instruction per week, visiting professor titles. Zhou military police stationed in Japan after the assassination at home, in the objective to accelerate its "involved" in the process.
Position as the Wang Jingwei regime
Zhou Zuoren2.jpg
After shooting the physical and psychological impact, Zhou took over in January 1939 Wang Jingwei in Nanjing government's letter of appointment, National Peking University Library, Peking University, part-time candidates in March, "organized by members of Arts", Dean of Arts part-time after school.
November 8, 1940, Wang Jingwei regime, the Committee of Education Department of North China the supervision of Chief Tom Dole and died from lung cancer, December 19, 1940, Wang Jingwei regime, the Central Political Committee of 31 meetings through the "Independent Administrative Committee of the North China Zhou, and specify Standing Committee of Education Department for the supervision, "the official New Year's Day 1941, took office.
October 1941 from the East Asian cultural agreement will serve as president since June 1943 serve as vice president of North China Institute of comprehensive survey, in May 1944 from part-time, "North China Daily News," Association of managers and reports, the Japanese Cultural Association.
Termination to the end of World War II, the Kuomintang regime rule
After the end of the war, in December 1945 in Beijing, Chiang Kai-shek to the traitors in power charges by the national government to arrest and escort Nanjing trial, imprisonment in the Tiger Bridge Prison, Zhou's friends, students have to justify his plea by Yu returned to office in the United States Hu wrote a long letter of diplomacy, asking Hu intercede for the week.
November 6, 1946, the High Court sentenced him to 14 years in prison, 9 December 1947 revision of 10 years in prison.
Zhenduo said, "Japanese wife (Yu too believes in the Son) gave him a bad influence."
January 22, 1949, took over the Republic of China President Li Tsung-jen, in commemoration of the peace talks in the air, ordered the release of political prisoners, Zhou at January 26, 1949 was released from prison, take a train to students Youbing Qi home in Shanghai temporary accommodation.
You Bing Qi through the contact he had previously taught the Taiwanese students Hongyan Qiu (1946 back to Taiwan, since 1948, teaching at National Taiwan University) expressed an interest to Taiwan, Mr. Zhou at Peking University have taken 2 semesters 2 credits of modern prose Hongyan Qiu < I know Zhou> 1, an anecdote: "ren that will be released, called the king wrote to me in particular that he wanted to come to Taiwan and asked me if I have no way to resettlement. I found a friend of Guo Huo-yen, MD, to He borrowed villa Gongzhu Beitou, Guo Jun keen on the idea, I immediately wrote back then, especially Jun, has been told his home, the daily cost of living, and I tried an old friend Chang can be responsible for our military, but he did not after his release instantly come to Taiwan, cut off the news later on. "
He can not Taiwan and Fu in the January 20, 1949 took over as president of National Taiwan University, are not unrelated.
Hu from Shanghai to the United States to the former, Guru had asked the king to persuade him to leave China, the king asked his guru advised anti-Hu not to leave China (see "Zhi Tang recall record").
August 14, 1949, he returned from Shanghai, Peking, People's Liberation Army under the settled rule.
Zhou students in Taiwan have Xushi Ying (Xu Shouchang big children), Zhang army (Itabashi people), Cheng Qian, Hongyan Qiu (Changhua), etc., novelist and Zhou had deep contacts in Beijing.
After the founding of the People's Republic
October 1, 1949, founding of the PRC.
Zhou moved back to Beijing eight Bay, the old house, to concentrate on translating and writing, to royalties to support themselves.
A letter to Mao Zedong
Zhou wrote in 1951 to Mao, Mao's secretary Hu Qiaomu February 24, 1951 written report to Mao Zedong said: "Zhou wrote a long letter to you, exculpate himself, asked not to confiscate his house, improper He is a traitor. "" My opinion is: He should be completely mistaken, the same as Li Ji repentance in the newspaper. His house can be resolved (in fact, Beijing District Court also did not to take him away). He is now European classical literature in translation, to receive royalties for a living, beyond, to do the work in this area. Zhou Yang also applies to the intention. when not to consult. "
Mao Zedong granted: the "to do so."
(Gong Yuzhi <Mao's comments on Zhou>)
Translation
Zhou starting from August 1952 as prepared outside the Beijing People's Literature Publishing House freelance translator, an advance of royalties 200 yuan per month, paid monthly draft.
Anti-rightist campaign, the son of library work in Beijing, Feng Zhou a rightist, suspended wages, so that he greatly increased the financial burden and had to write to the central leaders.
Kang Sheng and Zhou Yang in the intervene, the royalties from January 1960 onwards, raised to 400 yuan per month.
September 1964 from the climax of the Socialist Education Movement, and half of its royalties to 200 yuan a month, when he too believes in the Son love birds have died.
During this period, he translated Japanese classical literature and ancient Greek literature more than the same time, others were invited to revision translation ("Now and Then Story Collection", "Tale of Genji", etc.), modern Japanese literature translated are: "Ishikawa Takuboku poetry collection" and so on.
Some are not collected and translated short stories of Japanese literature scattered China and Hong Kong media.
His monthly overhead is rather high, in a letter addressed to Hong Kong, Cao Juren which said: "People's Literature Association sent, the monthly number required. In fact the same gang, the need for five hundred in January, but not to too much, so just say four hundred. later on according to the number of pay. "
"Because the burden of too much, so spending too huge, more than a month to less than hundred dollars, this is my constraints of truth."
Writing
Memory of Lu Xun's works include a book: "Lu Xun's it home", "Lu characters in the novel", "Lu Xun's youth."
Published essays in newspapers, after the series into a "chip set."
Introduced by Cao Juren, serialized memoirs in the Hong Kong media, "Zhi Tang recall record," after the book published.
Last Day
May 1966, the Cultural Revolution began.
June 1966, the People's Literature Publishing House is no longer pre-paid royalties to the Zhou.
August 2, 1966, he was the Red Guards seized the house, and was the belt, a stick beating. Zhou later wrote two essays for Zhang Tan Fong daughter to the local police station, in order to take sleeping pills euthanasia are no news.
May 6, 1967, Zhou Shimoji relieve themselves when the sudden illness, died 82 years old.
Family
Zhou married in Japan, the work of Yu apartment dwelling too believes in the Son wife (married in 1909 in Tokyo).
Feng Zhou had a son (died 1997), daughter of Zhou Jingzi, died in 1929, the daughter of Zhou Ruozi.
Zhou Feng a establishment in the Republic of China to the Beijing Library (now National Library) work.
Zhou Feng Zhang a and loved ones to take care of Zhou Fang Tan spent his later years.
The task of translation of classics and performance
The establishment of the People's Republic of China after the Communist Party, Zhou been deprived of political rights (December 19, 1953 People's Court) of the action, at home in Beijing, specializing in translation and writing, but not the real name published.
People gave him the translation of the Greek classical literature and classical Japanese literature this task (Hu Qiaomu proposal, approved by Mao Zedong), resulting in a number of high-quality Japanese classical literature and ancient Greek literature in Chinese translation.
Including the ancient Greek comedy "God of Wealth" (Aristophanes as), "Greek Mythology", "Aesop's Fables" full translation of ancient Greek tragedy, "European Euripides tragedy set" (co-translator with the Luo Niansheng); Japan's oldest existing The history books "Kojiki" skits "raving election," Heian essay masterpiece "Pillow Grass Seed", funny in this "floating world bathhouse" (Japanese "floating world baths") and "floating world barber" (Japanese "Ukiyo-bed" ) and so on.
He was invited to revision Beijing Translation Society, "Past and Present Story Collection" and the translation of the Korean Ministry of Feng's "The Tale of Genji" all translation (and money, Sun Rice cooperation).
That the most important of his own life, but also the most rewarding is translated ancient Greek (and Roman Empire of the area was a popular Greek New Testament Greek; General Greek different) writing Syrian Roman writer, philosopher Lu Jie Selected Works of North "路吉阿诺斯 Dialogues."
Zhou proficient in Japanese, ancient Greek, English, and has self-learning Old English, Esperanto.
Lu Xun
After the founding of the People's Republic, he wrote another contribution, "it is home of Lu Xun", "Lu Xun's youth", "Lu Xun's characters in the novel" The memories of the articles, as Lu Xun study provides many valuable first-hand testimony.
Publication list
* "History of European Literature" (University of used books, teaching materials, Peking University)
* "Literary History of Modern Europe" (University of used books, manuscripts)
* "The Origin of Chinese New Literature" (lectures assembled Yenching University, Tang Gong three records)
* "Little of Children's Literature"
* "Art and Life"
* "On the Long Collection"
* "On the Tiger Collection"
* "Melon bean collection"
* "Ever Set"
* "Their Own Garden"
* "Chip set"
* "Therefore, Lu Xun's home"
* "Lu Xun's characters in the novel"
* "Lu Xun's youth"
* "Zhi Tang recall the record" (Memoirs)
* "Tiger Bridge Miscellaneous Poems"
* "Rainy day book"
* "Look gathered"
* "Zhou letters"
* "Night Reading copy"
* "Pleioblastus Miscellany"
* "Bitter tea Essay"
* "Candle on"
* "Storm on"
* "Smell Set"
* "Medic essay"
* "Bitter Gan mouth"
* "Before the beginning of spring"
* "Study corner"
* "Past work"
* "Zhi Tang 乙酉 Articles Compilation"
Japanese translation work
* "Beijing の fruit", the mountain of the bookstore, 1936
* "Zhou Essays" transform society, 1938
* "Origin of Chinese New Literature の" Searching for the Church, 1939
* "Zhou Yun essay paper copy", 冨 Sanbanggulsa, 1940
* "Melon bean collection" a social element, 1940
* "Results Yuan beans", Mira industry Riben She, 1944
* "Lu Xun の it home," Chikuma study, 1955
* "Japanese culture を language ru", Chikuma study, 1973
* "Water の 中 の も の - Zhou prose" Surugadai University Press, 1998
* "The Japanese talk about justice", an extraordinary community, 2002
* "な の か の Lu Xun people", the new wind She, 2002
Translation directory
Ancient Greek
* "路吉阿诺斯 Dialogues"
* "Greece intends to song"
* "God of Wealth" (ancient Greek comedy)
* "Greek Mythology"
* "Aesop's Fables" (full version)
* "Europe Euripides tragedy set" (with Luo Niansheng cooperation, the ancient Greek tragedy)
日本语
* "Kojiki"
* "Raving election"
* "Pillow Grass Seed"
* "Ukiyo Bath" (Japanese "floating world baths")
* "Ukiyo barber" (Japanese "Ukiyo-bed")
* "Modern Japanese Stories" (with Lu Xun's cooperation)
* "Dream in mind"
* "Ishikawa Takuboku poetry collection"
* "Two bloodstains"
English
* "Foreign Stories" (with Lu Xun's cooperation)
* "Red Star Lost History"
* "Modern Fiction Renditions" (with Lu Xun's cooperation)
Translated by Google