| First Name： | 王长简 | ||
| Web/Pen/Nick Name： | 芦焚 | ||
| Township： | 河南杞县 | ||
Read works of Shi Tuo at 小说之家 | |||
师陀Shi Tuo Lo under a pseudonym in 1946, before burning. County of Henan wish. After graduating from high school in 1921 went to Peking to make a living. Mukden Incident, which participated in Anti-Imperialist League, the National Salvation publicity. First novel "petitions are articles" published in "Compass." Such as 1932 and Wang Jin Ding literary magazine founded "sharp." His first short story collection, "Valley" in 1937 because of the unique and artistic style of the "Ta Kung Pao" Literature prize.
The autumn of 1936, from Peking to Shanghai. War soon broke out, then the Japanese occupation of the long-term Zheju in Shanghai. 1941 to 1947, he served as literary editor of the Soviet Shanghai Broadcasting Station. "Orchard City" most of the writing in this period. He also wrote the novel "married" and so on. Have been appointed in 1946 after the Shanghai Drama school teachers, Shanghai Mandarin Film Company contributing editor, wrote the film script.
After the founding, he served as chief editor of publishing company Shanghai, Shanghai Film script writing by the screenwriter, to Henan, Shandong, northeastern China visit, write down the main income of the works, "mason" concentration. Writers in 1957 and has been a professional writer, Shanghai Branch. Early 60s, was focused on the creation of historical fiction and historical drama, published the screenplay "Ximen Bao", "cutting the bamboo," and the novel "Ximen Bao's experience", etc., drew praise.
Shi Tuo - writing experience
Well-known writer
Shi Tuo in 1936 from Beijing to Shanghai, and write the novel against the backdrop of wartime Shanghai "marriage" and the essay collections "Shanghai Letters." Although these two works of different style, but he gave us to show an economic slump, devastated, the wealth gap, the bottom of the Shanghai people to survive a difficult scene.
In this novel, Shi Tuo deep into the inner world of characters, with plenty of space carved Hu in Shanghai to hate the little guy brings loneliness, inferiority complex. Hu to evil is an ordinary high school history teacher - in Shanghai, this is a subject of contempt of employment, pay is very low, he wore a shabby (students to send him the nickname "master barber"), deep sense of inferiority. He was a true lover Peifang pour their own strong sense of inferiority: "I am ashamed, I think of a patch over my clothes, and trousers that can not fix complement, and not help the clamping arms I will not try to reduce their own, so that people do not like to see my ugly; my feet have suddenly shy, it seems that it does not step on the road status. It should be drilling a small alley to go, to find a way to hide joints. "inferiority complex concomitant with the enormous loneliness sense. When the lovers Peifang a left Shanghai - view in to evil, "a sea of people, the Red lofty," the city, Hu went to the evil at once into a solitude: "In the millions of people in Shanghai, he was unaccompanied, as the broken section cable ship, floating up sink, it is rolled to roll to his cold, hungry, sick, dead, who cares about him? Who wants him? "
In the "marriage" in the novel, "Little Heaven" cafe, Stock Exchange, symbol of Big East teahouse public space of modern urban civilization is like Hu Shi Tuo intentional evil done to the spirit of an important part of transformation.
The first is "Little Paradise" coffee shop. This is the first time about money, Hang Hu to bad debt issues about the place. Went with Tianguo Xiu, Huang Meizhou, "old maid." Clearly felt bad to "them" to form the words of a relatively closed space, he felt a strong sense of inferiority and loneliness, even if only for the waitress that he was very arrogant, and careful and considerate of other guests, like the "hospital of care" . He accidentally poured tea into the "old maid" clothes, "old maid" while blaming of others, Tian Guoxiu a clever solution for him around. The unusual move while filling in Shanghai can not find a sense of belonging to evil is intimate, Hu, Tian Guoxiu also appears beautiful and felt she "is beautiful, the kind of Qishang look particularly attractive." This is very different from his first to see the Tian Guoxiu - Tian Hu went to the evil David first met Tian Guoxiu home loans, has found that Tianguo Xiu "is a voluptuous young woman in essence, is a dull stupid." It made him lose alert Tian Guoxiu , grateful, for, as if to find a sense of belonging in Shanghai, which Henry, who believe in the money, go into a good scam they are being located. Nevertheless, when he is still thought to borrow money speculation, after the success and Peifang married.
Coffee shop, the stock exchange, tea houses, dance halls such public spaces as the symbol of Shanghai's modern urban civilization, the evil one makes the hero Hu to feel inferior, lonely, but also a temptation to stimulate his ambition to integrate into the city, This made him believe in the people, into the speculative sectors, and ultimately nothing, killed in the streets of Shanghai. And left-wing writers to deal with public space into a Western-style corruption, sex in different places, Shi Tuo Although these sites are no good impression, it is clear that more attention to these places for the little people struggling to survive the psychological anxiety.
It is interesting, because living in poverty in Shanghai Shi Tuo, only been to stock number and the ballroom. Therefore, Shi Tuo describe these spaces is not realistic, the color is more intense subjective imagination.
In fact, living in Shanghai, Hu Shi Tuo walks of life to the evil that is familiar, while Henry, who this money walks of life is very strange. He said: "Although I lived in Shanghai for several years, the so-called upper class in Shanghai do not know, for Shanghai's 'underclass' know very little, only the middle-class, I contacted more points." Therefore, Shi Tuo in the novel at the comic-style hyperbole to shape the character of money magnates express his understanding of Shanghai. Huang Meizhou is a Chinese children, young families, rich, and look more handsome, and a Ph.D., so many girls, the ideal partner. He married a school beauty, subsequently infected with syphilis and the face of bad blind, his wife told the doctor to give him medical treatment eloped. He hit a five-year lawsuit with his wife, vowed to take one hundred thousand yuan compensation knock, and then sue them for adultery, so that they can not get married. "Old maid", that is, Miss Chang, a three-year-old woman, in order to survive, had to blind the eyes of Huang Meizhou all mixed together. Qian Heng, Tian Guoxiu performance is even more distorted human nature. Hang the money can be said to be "Chiruan Fan", and hooked together with a rich woman, with a rich woman to give him the money go to keeping young dancers. He lost in stocks, you need money to, and Tian Guoxiu reconciled. Shi Tuo modern girl is the performance of Shanghai Tian Guoxiu an important symbol. Her fashionable dress, thought empty, tacky look down to the evil, but Henry was in retaliation for the money and had a relationship going bad. Pen in Shi Tuo, Shanghai is a typical "crash furnace", which not only makes the evil spirit of the fallen Hu to loss of self, Huang Meizhou, Qian Heng, Tian Guoxiu, who is also its victim. Can be seen, it is Shanghai, the city created all kinds of strange so many people, human distortion, moral decay, as a typical "crash furnace." Shi Tuo written collection of essays in the same period of the "Shanghai Letters" depicts the way to write a documentary during the fall of Shanghai "crash furnace," the scene: one side is wandering in the streets, ragged street children died in the bins or beside the road, workers living in the bottom of the heavy work each day, such as the country's donkey, the lower small livelihood for the family of intellectuals run around: some were a stray bullet to end their lives, some to spend their savings after the take risks, side national crisis financial traders luxury, easy life, Miss Shanghai fashion shoes are still concerned about the Kogan and perfume. This is a "while the rich wine and meat smell, the road with frozen" in the world!
Cultural criticism for the needs of the city, the Shanghai Shi Tuo account the principle of unity based on the whole, the difference Shanghai, complexity has been masked, as if to ignore the Shanghai urban civilization represented by the modern significance. This may be because of the invasion because of the war, Shanghai has indeed dilapidated; perhaps because of Shi Tuo is a firm knowledge of who the patriotic anti-imperialist; but the deeper reason is that Shi Tuo caught up in "redneck" position in Shanghai critical of urban civilization. Shi Tuo in 1931 left home to go to Peking, Peking life in 1936 after nearly five years to reach Shanghai. War broke out, Shi Tuo been Zheju in the "hungry husband tomb", the Shanghai Broadcasting Station by the Soviet Union as a literary editor and the meager royalties life, poverty, lonely, cold watching the state of Shanghai's human world. Shi Tuo urban culture in the heart of the difficult recognition of the strong criticism of his work with the city of darkness and injustice, and the distortion of urban civilization and the killing of human nature. In the "marriage", "Shanghai Story", he revealed the wealth gap in Shanghai and the money first person view of life on the personality types of distortions. Undeniably, Shanghai Shi Tuo for it and there is a certain appeal, otherwise he would not stay still until after the liberation of Shanghai. It can be said that Shanghai has a diversity of immigrant culture, openness, compatibility, and modernity in a way to attract him and many of the intellectuals.
In the negative performance of the Shanghai Shi Tuo behind a kind of local complex potential. Although the feudal patriarchal clan system in Shi Tuo village under the control of the backwardness, ignorance, superstition, negative attitude, but in the subconscious, the division is still focused on one Tuo tranquil natural life. He wrote in Shanghai, "Orchard City", the show's love of the gentle and delicate feelings, and rural life of local attachment. He works in the orchard town is so quiet and beautiful: "the fruit of numerous reflect the hypertrophy of the green leaves, like many small Fenlian bright, sunny part of the look but also tender and beautiful than the paint on the rouge." Should not the home with deep feelings, it is difficult to write sentences so full of poetry. In the "marriage" in Hu Shi Tuo to evil through the mouth of the hero for us paint a beautiful picture of rural life: "In the evening, your brother should do the homework that day is over, your father to shut up shop They hoe shovel with a bucket, and your mother dig down in the garden planting. Sunday is all this reunion, and most of the time spent in the garden. in the garden only to hear that you cried a happy cry of laughter , the original and brother to the back of your small river carry water, because they do not care, water splashing your foot, or else that he took or insect cicada daylights scared you. Then you are tired, the rest, you Shakespeare sitting under the trees, birds will be leisurely to fall on the ground not far in front of you. "This quiet rural life and the hustle and bustle of poetic chaos, flashy extravagance in stark contrast to Shanghai. To the evil lover, "Pei Fang," in the novel, she represents the quiet rural life. Interestingly, "Pei Fang," was the pen name of Shi Tuo. Thus, it seems that you can see the kind of apprenticeship Tuo on local attachment. But the good rural life does not become Shanghai Hu to the tenacious resistance bastion of evil, and he eventually gave up and crush the Tianguo Xiu Pei Fang. Shanghai powerful city in the whirlpool, "Pei Fang," seem so fragile and vulnerable. Shi Tuo which includes awareness of the local: the development of the modern metropolis has become the edge of the rural, rural backwardness and stagnation can also determine its culture with the powerful against the city.
Shanghai Shi Tuo's experience in both the composition of narrative, but also to imagine the composition, is consistent in his overall understanding of urban culture. He criticized the local culture and modern civilization of Western weapons, but he is in a symbol of Western civilization and modern city of Shanghai, saw this modern urban civilization, the distortion and alienation of human nature. This allows teachers to enter the double Tuo crisis and conflict, we can not agree with the modern city, can not identify with their respective local original, so nothing to rely on the mind drift and inevitable. This also represents the generation of knowledge that the mental fate.
Shi Tuo - book titles
Shi Tuo
"Valley" (short stories) 1936, Vincent
"Found in mind in the door" (short stories) 1937, Vincent
"Yellow tongue" (essays) 1937, Companion
"Sunset Light" (short stories) 1927, open
"Wild Bird Collection" (short stories) 1938, Vincent
"Wild Set" (essays) 1938, open
"Anonymous" (short stories) 1939, Vincent
"Man Collection" (essays) 1939, open
"Shanghai Hand Qi" (essays) 1941, Vincent
"Village Hall hope the Lord" (novella) 1941, open
"Orchard City" (short stories) 1946, Shanghai Publishing Company
"Marriage" (novel) 1947, morning
"Malan" (novel) 1948, Vincent
"Circus" (screenplay) Andrew Liefu under the "one who slapped" adaptation, 1948, Vincent
"Nightclubs" (script) and Collingwood co, according to the Soviet Union Gorky "bottom" adaptation, 1948, Shanghai Publishing Company
"History ruthless" (novel) 1951, Shanghai Publishing Company
"Repose" (short stories) 1956, Hong Kong, the United States Book Company Arts
"Mason" (short stories) 1959, writer
"Bulgaria Travel Notes" (prose) 1960, Shanghai Literature and Art
"Mountains and rivers. History. People" (prose, fiction collection) 1979, Shanghai Literature and Art
"Nightmare Collection" (short stories) 1983, Hong Kong Literature Research Society
"Selected Works of Lu Fen prose" in 1981, Jiangsu People's
"Selected Short Stories of Lu Fen," 1982, Jiangxi People
"Three Notes on Shanghai" (essays) 1984, Ningxia People
Shi Tuo - "The Complete Works of Shi Tuo"
"The Complete Works of Shi Tuo," is by far the most comprehensive collection of works of Shi Tuo, Tuo income division since 1931, all the works of creation (a considerable part of the unpublished draft), including short stories, in novels, essays, poetry, drama, letters, diaries, papers and other literature, compiled by style as five volumes, each volume arranged in chronological order. Liu Zengjie with code included in Volume V of "Listen to Your Heart", "more than editing the ink" on the Shi Tuo letters, diaries human values inherent in-depth exploration; included "works of Shi Tuo Chronology", "Shi Tuo research data Contents Index ", is the study of Shi Tuo created the most comprehensive historical foundation.
Shi Tuo - Evaluation
Work
Shi Tuo not be called the history of modern Chinese prose master of prose, his fame in literary circles but also thanks to the novel rather than prose. As his prose, but his first collection of essays, "yellow tongue", as named, said, "is the wild", there is a vitality, has been stubbornly to open up a vibrant.
Shi Tuo prose, in addition to writing several chapters in rural areas outside the home, most people when pushed pieces, and they deserve our attention. Shi Tuo basic method of prose essays are the same as writing fiction. His early prose writing results "yellow moss", "Wild Set" and "Man sets" already in shape, mostly used to write the novel technique of writing.
In his first collection of short stories, "Valley", the tragic story of the series shows the full description of the old dark and evil world, and that the new warlords in the KMT 30 years of working people suffering under the rule of life. "Davis had in mind" in the description of long-term employment and sustenance Heights children dream of something better, reflecting the spirit of the working people of the United States to explore, their sympathy for misfortune and the oppressors endless mental and physical torture of the condemned. In addition, the "Orchard City" reflects the early 20th century, Sino-Japanese War in China before the increasingly depressed rural town of feudal life scene, let us understand more of the pristine Shi Tuo village customs and the recognition of ordinary life: "Orchard City "warm and quiet in a small town, full of poetry, among people sentimental, leisurely life, rather point" Xanadu "flavor, it seems like a charming pastoral, even passing tourists can not help but stopped for a panoramic view, worth more than a sigh: many happy people! More peace of the city! Ignited the author's yearning for peace and stability and recognition. Meanwhile, keen to explore the beautiful of the human and humanity, and strive to achieve simplicity in the literary world reverted to pure culture: "Mr. Postman" in the mailman enthusiastic and considerate, conscientious, even if you forget a stamp pad are also willing to help you , the kind of trust and understanding is a lot to mind a hot; "expect" in the elderly couple that knows his son has not come back, but still insisted on "Wait" live every day in safety and placed a pair of chopsticks on the table, even worry about his fat, thin, strong family ties ... ... instant revealed.
In a series of short stories of Shi Tuo, not difficult to find, he is always conscious representative of the human attitudes of the rich selection and a variety of characters as narrative object, with a strong sense of native complex and civilian care, which is precisely reflected from each side of the darkness of despair at that time, the curse of the village of Chinese history and reality. Thus, rural China and civilians have become a concern in his writing is very representative of the subject matter, but also give people the most shocking.
Thus, the author's language and describe the effort very skilled, often a few words with sufficient precision, vivid, vivid performance of personalities and scenes, is the Beijing School writers focus on literary skill, and stress "in the Articles of the United States," the expression, but also the Beijing school works with a relatively strong the performance characteristics of readability.
Read the works of Shi Tuo, you will find that he was stranded in the city have not been immersed in the countryside narrator, writing is always outstanding rural culture, is always given to the civilian population more care and compassion; either write scenery, it seems are focused from the ordinary life savor, ignited his own ideals. Live longer, you will be that with the lyrical tone of sadness, desolation and bitterness of the natural world touched by personnel. In today's peace and development as the main theme of the era, read this kind of work can still identify with, and perhaps this is the Beijing School of Shi Tuo and the charm of it works.
Translated by Google