英国 都铎王朝  (June 28, 1491 AD～January 28, 1547 AD)

Start End Reign 1509 AD 1547 AD 

　　Henry VIII Henry VIII (1509-1547) is the UK's second Tudor king, Henry VII's second son. The reign of Henry VIII of England 38 years is a period of significant change, the most important 16th-century Reformation. The basic significance of this reform in national politics, not religion, the core issue is Henry VIII break with Rome led to the British nation-state form completely. This reform from the establishment of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's marriage legitimate start to ensure that the king's absolute rule of the Church came to an end. On the surface, the Reformation by Henry VIII's divorce caused individuals; from the essence, change is in England nationalism and growing anti-clericalism achieved under the circumstances, and on Henry VIII law of war and changes in international situation in Western Europe have some connection. He since April 22, 1509 began the reign, when Britain has gradually moved from a remote wilderness in Europe and to the tyranny of a small country known to become influential authoritarian totalitarian state, the reign of his father Henry VII, the implementation of the good-neighborly and friendly policy, the two daughters were married to Crown Prince of Scotland and France, for his eldest son Arthur married the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon wife. Shortly after their marriage of his eldest son died of illness, when Spain and France do not, and he can not sin in order to maintain neutrality of the royal family of Spain, trying to retain long-daughter, ask for instructions by the Pope, (according to Catholic canon couple combination is God's will, does not allow divorce and then marry, widows remarry need papal approval.) papal approval may remarry his second son, was only 12-year-old Henry VIII.
　　18-year-old reign of Henry VIII and Catherine levirate, but his wife only gave birth to a daughter Mary (later Mary I) after the birth of the child several times Evidently, after the British had not been queen, but also superstition claims said brother married evidently not right, and the waitress he had extramarital affairs official Anne Boleyn, he asked his bishop to the Pope's prime minister filed for divorce, because he personally approved the marriage, the pope, and this is a difficult question to Pope , because at that time also did not want to offend the Holy See has a strong Spanish influence. Delays in approval of the Holy See to divorce him, and his officials have been pregnant waitress. He was anxious to take a number of measures, first prime minister removed from detention, and then ordered a halt to the Holy See to pay education taxes, the last until the confiscation of Church property, forcing the Pope to dismiss him was to teach citizenship. Influenced by the Reformation at the time who advocated, he declared that the Church of England from the Holy See, the highest authority of the church since the then British, during which the number of 70 000 people were killed, about 2% of UK population at that time. Since then, the Church of England became Anglican, a separate Protestant denominations. Reformation Church in fact is not true, because it has no theoretical principles and Catholic differences, but does not recognize papal authority, to King's place, but rather the Anglican Archbishop and the Pope in the same name, are called POPE, English name of the church is the same, are Catholic Church, only to separate with the Catholic Church, to the British Catholic - Anglo-Catholic Church, others only part of the ritual simplified.
　　Henry VIII's second wife (that Anne Boleyn) is also only gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I), his angry wife will be the second beheading death for adultery, because he divorced no longer need the approval of the Pope, the third of his birth to a son Edward (later King Edward VI) died because of lung disease. He has married six wife, all to no good results: first, a forced divorce, the fourth in the German Protestant princesses divorce, the third died of illness, the last one survived because of his death, the other two by his executed. It is worth mentioning that Henry VIII and his second wife, his mistress before Anne Boleyn, was Anne Boleyn's sister Marry Boleyn. The Anne Boleyn as her sister did not want to do the same, but the king's mistress, was given to Henry VIII's great pressure to become a "public recognition of" Queens. Finally, of course, Henry VIII's break with the Church, do not need to be approved by the Pope, divorced his first wife and marry Anne Boleyn as the Queen. In addition, he is also a large number of mistresses and illegitimate children, future generations of archaeologists, many of them suspect that he died of syphilis, and leave a nearly bankrupt country.
　　Heraldic title
　　1535, Henry added in the royal title of supreme royal statement that "the Church of England First" (of the Church of England in Earth Supreme Head), 1536 was further changed to "first in the Church of England and Ireland."
　　Henry VIII's coat of arms since the times of Henry IV started using the British royal coat of arms: quartered, interlaced display blue of the three Iris (Fleur-de-lis, on behalf of France) and the red background of the three first toward positive, walking like a lion-shaped animal (on behalf of England).
　　Three generations of ancestors of Henry VIII
　　Grandfather, father: Owen Tudor (Owen Tudor)
　　Grandmother, father: the first Duke of Somerset Yuehanbofu (John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset)
　　Grandfather: Edward IV
　　Maternal grandmother: Elizabeth Woodville (Elizabeth Woodville)
　　Henry VIII's life often in the literature. William Shakespeare once wrote about his historical dramas. Department of Modern have several movies about him. The most famous is the 1933 "Henry VIII's private life" The Private Life of Henry VIII, and 1972's "Henry VIII's six Queen"
　　Catherine of Aragon (Catherine of Aragon) Queen (June 11, 1509 married in 1533 to annul the marriage; died Jan. 6, 1536)
　　Unnamed son in November 1513 November 1513
　　Unnamed child November 10, 1518 November 10, 1518
　　Elizabeth I September 7, 1533 March 24, 1603 not married
　　Third wife
　　Fourth wife
　　Fifth wife
　　Sixth wife
　　Illegitimate children
　　Mary Boleyn born
　　Mary Berkeley born
　　"Henry VIII's private life" (The Private Life of Henry VIII), 1933 年. Starring Charles Laughton, Oscar Best Actor Award.
　　"Young Bess" (Young Bess), 1953 年. This is a youth on the film Elizabeth I, Henry VIII, once again played by Charles Laughton.