| 哈里·马丁松 | |||||
| 哈瑞·马丁松 | |||||
Read works of Harry Martinson at 诗海 | |||||
Harry Martinson (May 6, 1904 – February 11, 1978) was a Swedish sailor, author and poet. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 together with fellow Swede Eyvind Johnson.He has been called "the great reformer of 20th century Swedish poetry, the most original of the writers called 'proletarian'."
LifeMartinson was born in Jämshög, Blekinge County in south-eastern Sweden. At a young age he lost both his parents whereafter he was placed as a foster child (Kommunalbarn) in the Swedish countryside. At the age of sixteen Martinson ran away and signed onto a ship to spend the next years sailing around the world visiting countries such as Brazil and India.
The headstone on Martinson's grave in Silverdal, Sollentuna - north of StockholmA few years later lung problems forced him to set ashore in Sweden where he travelled around without a steady employment, at times living as a vagabond on country roads. In the city of Malmö, at the age of 21, he was arrested for vagrancy.
In 1929, he debuted as a poet. Together with Artur Lundkvist, Gustav Sandgren, Erik Asklund and Josef Kjellgren he authored the anthology Fem unga (Five Youths), which introduced Swedish Modernism. His poetry combined an acute eye for, and love of nature, with a deeply-felt humanism. His popular success as a novelist came with the semi-autobiographical Nässlorna blomma (Flowering Nettles) in 1935, about hardships encountered by a young boy in the countryside. It has since been translated into more than thirty languages.
From 1929 to 1940, he was married to Moa Martinson, whom he met through a Stockholm anarchist newspaper Brand. He travelled to the Soviet Union in 1934. He and Moa were divorced due to her criticism of his lack of political commitment. Moa became a writer; Harry married Ingrid Lindcrantz in 1942.
One of his most famous works is the poetic cycle Aniara, which is a story of the space craft Aniara that during a journey through space loses its course and subsequently floats on without destination. The book was published in 1956 and became an opera in 1959 composed by Karl-Birger Blomdahl. The cycle has been described as "an epic story of man's fragility and folly".
He took his life on February 11, 1978, at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm by performing Seppuku with a pair of scissors.
The 100th anniversary of Martinson's birth was celebrated around Sweden in 2004.
ControversyThe joint selection of Eyvind Johnson and Martinson for the Nobel Prize in 1974 was very controversial as both were on the Nobel panel. Graham Greene, Saul Bellow and Vladimir Nabokov were the favoured candidates that year.
The sensitive Martinson found it hard to cope with the criticism in the 1970s following his award, and attempted suicide with a pair of scissors.
BibliographyTitles in English where known.
NovelsNässlorna blomma (Flowering Nettles) 1935
Vägen ut (The Way Out) 1936
Den förlorade jaguaren (The Lost Jaguar) 1941
Vägen till Klockrike (The Road) 1948
EssaysResor utan mål (Aimless Journeys) 1932
Svärmare och harkrank 1937
Midsommardalen (Midsommer valley) 1938
Det enkla och det svåra (The easy and the hard) 1938
Verklighet till döds (Reality to death) 1940
Utsikt från en grästuva (Views From A Tuft of Grass) 1963
PoemsSpökskepp 1929
Nomad 1931
Passad (Trade Wind) 1945
Cikada 1953
Aniara 1956
Gräsen i Thule 1958
Vagnen 1960
Dikter om ljus och mörker 1971
Tuvor 1973