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Keywords: Zhao Bian; governance Shu; third tour of hole; under the jail River; Poetry
Key words: K 81 Document code: A Article ID: 1009--1769 (2002) 06--0010--05
Literary World of the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Ouyang Xiu, Yan Shu, Mei Yao, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang, Zeng, Huang, Guan and a number of very influential in the history of the writer; while also emerged in the political arena, such as Zhongyan, Wang is a big reformer, such as Kou Zhun, Shu, Bao Zheng, Ouyang Xiu, Han Qi, FU Bi, etc. This group of talented, fair's Ming Chen, Xian Chen.
Zhao Bian as the political, administrative style and the lofty "parent" image, both the historical significance, and has high practical and educational.
Zhao Bian is a very talented writer, especially known for poetry. The poem "Humorous, Persuasive scene", fresh and beautiful, easy to sing. Three people by the time he made three tours of Shu-dong, under the jail River Poems (the "first person Gap", "firmly under the River"), the fully reflects his artistic characteristics of these poems.
Sushi has made its "ZHAO Xian Public Shinto monument," Zeng wrote a special article was for "the more the state disaster relief Chao mind." Qianlong repaired the "Si Ku Quan Shu" income of their "offer clear _set_ of" ten volumes. However, since the modern, modern and contemporary to, Zhao Bian's research and advocacy, is almost blank. Therefore, excavation of historical figures, Zhao Bian _select_ed as the research object description should be a meaningful thing.
A, Zhao Bian, Song Wizards on politics geeks, strongman
Can see from the above resume, Zhao Bian long-term in local office: three appointed magistrate, prefect for seven terms, to know the state, two-term transfer to; also worked to push the official state capital, pass sentence. The office, it is highly beneficial to his wider contact with the community, the public, to understand the deeper understanding that all levels of people's circumstances and the lower classes of the people, suffering; also more conducive to exercise, to improve the quality of his political thinking and decision-making, administrative capacity, level.
CLASSICS to and the first year (1054), Zhao Bian by the Imperial Academy, the country phase after the recommendation has been promoted to the public house of Shi Yu Liang history. Censor office, he righteousness, not to avoid impeachment power and wealth, known as "Impartial Censor." He claimed that the DPRK should strictly distinguish between the "gentleman" and "Villains" in line. That the "villain, though small, once the exclusive and absolute power of the latter is no suffering; gentleman unfortunately deceive (guà hanging) error ②, while keeping care to achievement of its virtue" (P994). Zhao Bian's "gentlemen's unfortunate deceive error, while keeping care" point of view is very creative. "Villain" of course refers to the forces of evil in North Korea, that rape protection, corrupt officials, Hunguan. "Gentleman" refers to good people, Xian Chen - modern language that is "talent." Zhao Bian proposes a sharp question: namely, a good job of the unfortunate mistakes should adopt what attitude. Zhao Bian's attitude is clear: the forces of evil in North Korea should resolutely fight against, should be cleanly removed from the court they are to never troubles; and good government of the DPRK, Dongliangzhicai, even if it is wrong , and should also be clear-cut care, protection, to give them merit Jianye, continue to play a significant role in the space-time. In this, Zhao Bian stressed that attention and protection of personnel.
"Song" recorded Zhao Bian "Impartial Censor" many deeds of the image. Hang Liu Wen Chenghuang to Shenzhizhengshi after the funeral as guardianship; promoted to the phase after the country was still acting as ever. Zhao Bian that their behavior beneath the "state system", a letter to hang on "when the strike." Obviously, Zhao Bian Liu Hang criticism is fair. Especially after the original Ren Wen Chenghuang favorite concubine palace, near death, canonized as the Queen. Ouyang Xiu Ren would have sharply criticized the post of Wen Chenghuang too "good worship." When Ren _select_ Wen Chenghuang first anniversary after the death of the Emperor Yu rejuvenating capacity Shinshu Temple Feng An, and requirements of this and later went to the ministers accompanying him, "Fortunately, temporary" when the temple worship after Wencheng Huang, Ouyang Xiu, "Fortunately, the provisional Wen Chenghuang after "move, you must be resolutely resisted: he not only not" Fortunately, temporary ", and also on the" Please drive temperatures into the temple bar unfortunate child "(P851), begging the emperor should not be to your Ren" Fortunately Pro . " The Hang Liu and his ilk, by contrast, cater for the flattery Ren, first to Shenzhizhengshi status after the country relative to qualifications, after the ceremonies commemorating Wencheng Huang, celebrations, funerals, all do a grand exception! Liu hang of those beneath the "state system" behavior, are at the very encouraged Ren beauty of the temple over-thought and affection. Enforcement in both a prime minister Chen Yong unlettered the officer, and the villain is a vicious violent, or a no "New Deal" of the die-hard. He has made remote stop at nothing to slander people Zhongyan the New Deal; appointed prime minister, he had also beaten to death their own children welcome slaves. Chen Zhao Bian letter to Prime Minister on the implementation of ignorant, wrong a lot. Conspiracy against the "New Deal", not for his life, Feng Shi Hui Yi unlawful to make Wanggong Chen, Wang incompetent senator to use Imperial Academy Li Shu, Zhao Bian were under the full impeached falling by the wayside.
Sagan is the right time, Chen Sheng-the make, bribery eunuchs, to achieve further promotion senator Fushi Albatron purpose. Zhao Bian Tang Kai, Fan Road, and other teachers with more than twenty chapters memorial, to be exposed, and finally to come! Zhao Bian, however thus also be transferred out of court, known Qianzhou.
Xining Song Shenzong three years (1070), Zhao Bian Wang and Banished for Anti-prefect of Hangzhou. After the arrival of any of Hangzhou that the number of non-Lai Zidi Zhao Bian generous bullied and wantonly causing trouble, parallel poly evil. Zhao Bian knowing what he wanted, will not relent, ordered the arrest. Optional repeat his hair with his barbed surface states to punish evil party. Have Dunji evil party.
Second, Shu government benefits, reputed the world
Zhao Bian at the local office on the greatest achievements, will have to be in the governance of Qian, Shu on governance and governance more - especially the latter.
Zhao Bian life, had four people working rule Shu Chuan. Shu first time was to go to any of Gangwon (now territory of Sichuan Sung Hing) magistrate. The second is the shift Azusa Forwarding state, change Yizhou (now in Chengdu). Shu, mountain high and the emperor far away, the intractable land. Primary Xiaoli, "Stanford for the lawless"; gun Sheriff, "public phase fed noon" (which means generous generous countries, bribery, corruption). Zhao Bian Yizhou the arrival, the first officer to rectify the wind. His "body commander to Kim," lead by example; and administrative officials at all levels must be clean, honest, law-abiding law enforcement. From those who have not, according to punish institutions! "Shu winds change." Poor little city under the jurisdiction of Yap, Zhao Bian, have also sent one by one gear depth inspection visit. Folks are all happy, all officials Diao officials fear rape.
Zhao Bian Shu is in the third Yingzong Zhiping years. He makes any transfer in Hebei have made remarkable achievements, and to direct toward the Bachelor of Tingjia Lung To Court, known Chengdu government. After the arrival of Zhao Bian, "the width rule." Ren Zi past Forwarding state, they had been informed that the accident was Zengyi sacrifice in the name of mob, the authorities had imposed Junfa perpetrators: their first death; the Association from those made with gill surface. Yi Zhao bashing the arrival coincides with the prison recidivism. "The fear of everyone", that "the public will make use of." (P996) Zhao Bian According to investigation, found to be a general mob, heard the case is not so serious. So he himself disposed of: Criminal Correctional principal culprits, the release of people. "Shu Man Tai Yue."
This office, the state sword (this rule Sichuan Jiange) Li Xiaozhong _set_ the public more than two hundred people who made the private operator dispatch ④, save people a monk. It was the crime of conspiracy to harm them. According to the criminal law, guilty of conspiracy to all the beheaded for the crime! Zhao Bian know is important. So he did not make the case for prison officials, but lenient in person to: Office Li Xiaozhong "to create Duodie private" crime; "I Chieh-te die" (P997). Zhao Bian therefore be framed as a "vertical against the party" appealed to the court the crime. The court reviewed the case, that the disposal of Zhao Bian coincide with the law. Thus, Zhao Bian also innocent.
Third, the more the state's relief and Gong, "the more the state of public disaster relief Zhao Ji"
Zhao Bian in Xining first year (1067) pull the right Jian Yi doctor (an executive secretariat), Shenzhizhengshi later, with the FU Bi, who has publicly Leung, Tang Kai Colonial together, it was Shenzong appreciated. However, Wang launched a political reform at this time. Qualifications of the DPRK quite talented as a group of Ouyang Xiu, Han Qi, FU Bi, Sima Guang and Su Shi and some other veteran, to Chen, this does not quite understand. Zhao Bian undoubtedly also the column! Them or angrily quit (such as Sima Guang speech senator Fushi), or fire stick fight execution. Ashmore political reform, is undoubtedly a change to promote the progress of history. However, this change in the Northern Song dynasty, this is stupid Shenzong, corruption within the state apparatus, they are bound to encounter great resistance; bound to encounter many to overcome and break free of limitations. At the same time, the contents statements on political reform, and indeed unrealistic and worthy of better things. Such as Young Money is a focus of intense debate. Green Island Ouyang Xiu had when connected to the two books in this debate. Official: Every farming season the government of issuing interest-bearing seedlings to farmers money (salary). This practice, known as the "Waste Management", and many disadvantages to implement it. First, the excessive interest rates: is this, binary information. "Official in the lender, the text of each hundred to twenty-text Montreal." (P903) and even this as a cash cow for many officials, unscrupulous compound interest rate hike, cruel extortion exploit farmers. Second, despite the abundance of fierce age, be hard to recover principal and interest by a specified time each year, many farmers tend to make the "valley of dry scraping field, bottom of the pot overturned" can not pay off the "official debt", or even confused breakup! Letter to Shen-Xiu said: "purports to know all know it then take advantage (of a Young money earned by the benefits) of non-court intended" to be "removed to half rate, but that element is satisfied only the number of capital." And pungent criticism of the court so-called "can only receive two" and "not allowed to receive one-third of" income approach, but is Mencius said, "the pot calling laugh a hundred paces," the trick too! And mercilessly exposed when the layers are officials to "curb households with people (pointing to farmers compulsion Young money) as suffering from" the real (P903). Ministers criticized the "non-conducive to the public to take the Young Money (that do not)"; to the hypocrisy of this is said Song Shenzong abnormal aversion, anger, insisted that "this court for the Waste Management", "intended to take advantage of non-court" (P903). Zhao Bian was originally active support Ashmore political reform, and elected him prime minister had tried. However, the "Young Money" The implementation of the Zhao Bian caused great dissatisfaction and even anger. His letter to Shenzong said: "things are the severity of the court, the body has the size; financial help things to light, and gains and losses as the most important people. Young messengers in the body is small, and cut near the eyes and ears (referring to North Korea Ting Zhongliang) of the Hill with homes as large. financial gain but this does not stop light loss of popular support, do not stop Young messengers and has rejected nearly cut the eyes and ears while taking light to heavy, big loss derived from a small, non-ancestral community as a blessing. Collinson uneasy fear of the world since then carry on. "( P996) Zhao Bian on this book, several books were requested to resign. Xining three years (in 1070) in April, was again invited to the book. Soon, in addition 资政殿学士 Zhao Bian, knowledge, Hangzhou; "soon after re_set_tlement Green Island." Xining five years (1072) re-known Chengdu.
Xining seven years (1074) know that the more states. After the second year of the Wu Yue Ren arrived early, then a large epidemic. Serious disaster shocked the country. Su Shi, "Zhao Qing Xian public Shinto monument" contains: the time, "Wu Yue, the great famine, more than half the dead people." Zeng Gong in the "more the state of public disaster Zhao Ji" wrote: "Yes, the early epidemic was Yue, China famine disease, the deceased is useless and a half, this disaster has not been huge."
Zhao Bian more states disaster relief, it is in this context is carried out under.
"Song" Su Shi's "Qing Zhao Xian Public Shinto monument," the more the state of Zhao Bian relief, have devoted much of the record. With the same time the Su Zeng, then wrote a special article for this "relief Chao Yue State in mind." The "mind" is a masterpiece Gong is one of the Famous Ancient China. Critics believe that the reason why the paper "deeply moving", the first "is the story itself, Zhao Bian relief", of course, "and features articles on art is inseparable" (P1263).
"The more the state of public disaster relief Zhao Ji" a detailed record of the visit Bian relief before the "honor of its equipment (ie, fully prepared)," the vivid stories of disaster relief and disaster results. Full-text of a thousand words, compact, complete, concise language, condensed, simple. Reading, every word and sound floor. This is a unique study in the ancient Yue Zhao Bian very valuable information on the state disaster relief.
Zhao Bian and from state, county officials where the consent of the food fifty-two thousand thousand stone, should be sold at par to the ability of the victims are from the food. For the convenience of the victims Gouliang, Zhao Bian Jian Shou Liang point eighteen. And victims of domestic workers building the city, and paid the money and food to make themselves. Where the rent money and grain to the poor by the rich, Zhao Jia Bian cooked to be limited to the rich harvest of the season, only to recover principal and interest. The orphan abandoned orphan, Zhao Bian are sent one by one asylum support. Zhao Bian life "to marry the daughter of a dozen brothers, his orphan more than twenty people." (P10325) that "he has more than twenty orphans" in Zhao Bian will have more state relief in the year when the adoption of the orphan himself.
Next spring, the plague epidemic. Zhao Bian organize and mobilize the construction of disease Square counties, infected persons for medical treatment. They raised two monks, attributed to its help inspect medical diet, so be dispossessed by; where the victims are sent messengers to be buried. "Public at this time, flea 〔with the" early "night〕 and exhausted a lot of unremitting effort, things will attend to personally fine giant, food and medicine to the sick, more private money (that Zhao Bian whom a medical food expenses)." (P1261) "(Zhao Bian) to house cheap, (with funding) before it, folk music from the Yan" (P997). Described as "do anything, dying!"
For the country and the people in dire straits, Zhao Bian selfless and fearless, dare to break dare to stand, eclectic. Provided by the past, "old barns (referring to opening of relief) the poor, when given the full length of millet thousand stone"; However, Zhao Bian relief food stall to the poor is even greater than ten times that number! "Method: Lin poor, March when only the best "; and Zhao Bian," Lin poor "since the first of October to the second" best of May (side) only "(P1261). Everything has criticized and held responsible, Zhao Bian people to when the uniform, not involving subordinates. It is because of Zhao Bian selfless dedication from his employees, the more victims in the state was able to "turn from death"; "living to eat, the patient was drugs, possession of the deceased was (meaning burial) (P997)". More fully in the present state of disaster Zhao Bian wholeheartedly for the people of the "parent" image, and the sufferings of those who turn a blind eye to the people, insensitive yung official, Hunguan, with those one would like to suck people's blood and sweat of the size of the corrupt officials, including those who dare bribes paid country the size of property relief corrupt country and people, in sharp contrast! In this sense, the more Chao relief image of the state of today's anti-corruption and clean government, but also has practical educational. Therefore, Zeng said: "Although its facilities in Vietnam, the kernel enough to show the world; being to the line at one time though, the law is sufficient Biography." (P1262) historical experience worthy of note. Zeng's remarks, described as a strategic height and insight into the profound, thought-provoking!
Fourth, by three travelers'Cave prison Zhao Bian River Poetry and old age
From Bian Jing (Kaifeng) people Shu. There is water, land and Road feasible. Zhao Bian Shu four times; when he walked the Three Gorges water Shu Li, the via Yiling, who wrote "entering the Gap", "under the jail Jin," Two Poems (1094 a P766). Fresh and beautiful verse written, easy to sing.
"First person Gap" poem:
Early tour the Three Gorges had three holes, weather new tune February wind.
Qiao families everywhere, see, and sometimes pass xianyuan Cloud Road.
Bi things mountainous shore pressure, the red peach temporary slope.
Dash of danger till Etan know, stop collecting late Zhao asked Fisherman.
"Under prison-chun," a poem:
Zhou Ji drag Baizhang hard climb, a fast-chun Huang Si fan too.
Flower color pennant put Luanhong Ying, Gu Chuan Ming Pi A deep sound.
Lingyun birds were quiet to avoid noise, Brussels frightened cry apes take the risk.
Spring Green Spring Xiu heavy, but suspect in the Wuling River spring.
The poem such as "what the mountainous shore pressure Bi, Tao Li temporary slope the red" and other verses, the Three Gorges is worthy of a magnificent view of the popular description of the Sentences.
"Song" on the life of Zhao Bian Pingjiapogao: "Bian long thick Kiyonaga, were not seen, thermophilic," "dead cheap, his life (with the" capital ") industry, not livestock Drama", "poor Strickland solitary ⑤ , cover innumerable. " "Its for the government, good for customs Facilities, Meng wide differences in the Qian and Chengdu, is particularly praiseworthy world." Famous New Deal figures, three dynasties (Song Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong) Prime Minister Han Qi, Zhao Bian has the virtue of giving and style to a very high rating, said: "It's the world standard form, and cloud cover that is not" (P10325).
Notes:
① Push Official: state and military commissioner responsible for home under the Prison Service's administrative officer.
② deceive error: deceive, audio guà. Deceive error, that is adversely affected, implicated. Zhang Binglin "The new interpretation made by Dialect": "people today that Shiguan so wrong, cover that has the innocent mistake by the ear deceive people."
Original ③ See "Biography of Juan Qi Bu Five Song": "Wu Yuru years similar to a person I Shu, ask a party to the emperor, Ruyiyiqing JI would like to mobilize people to fear than the garrison also, may I hold cheap, go for the room his family could have. "clear: noble intention, the idea was clean. JI: sounds jí, convergence of views. Riches: Music zí, with "capital."
④ operator dispatch: dispatch operator that Dudie, monk monk credentials can only be issued by the Government to make. Dispatch: Music dié, the ancient book panels, extended meaning "evidence." Such as the Bai, "Duling old man" poem: "Yesterday in Xu came to the door, hand-foot village dispatch list."
⑤ solitary: Music qi6ng, idle for the dispossessed.
References:
[Song] Sushi. Sushi Collection [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai accounted for Membership Press, 2000.5.
! Song] Zeng. Relief Chao recorded more states [A]. Prose Appreciation Dictionary [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1997. 7.
[Yuan] Tuotuo. Sung [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1977.11.
[Song] Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu Collection [M]. Beijing: China Publishing, 1986.
Si Ku Quan Shu Qing Xian _set_ [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987.6.
Author: Yuan Jin (1978 -), female, Hubei, Yichang, Wuhan University, College of Humanities postgraduates.
Source: Three Gorges University (Humanities and Social Sciences)
Translated by Google