|
Read works of Wang Tao at 历史大观 Read works of Wang Tao at 小说之家 |
王韬
王韬
王韬
王韬(November 10, 1828 May 24 -1 897 years)
Modern well-known thinkers, our history, a newspaper political commentator, first name Wang Libin, the word Lan Ying; 18-year-old county test first, renamed the King Han, characters lazy today, the word purple Quan, Lan Qing, Tao Zhong No. Tin South escape Marceau, just in hermit, Sung North hermit, European Fu Kung, Tao Park Old Man, Heng Wah Museum Main, Yu Bao health, respect for the king Wen Court, nicknamed "Long Hair champion." Fu Village, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province Government (now Luzhi town) people. Obtain a scholar in 1845. British missionaries in 1849 should have disabilities Jimmy was invited to Shanghai Verification of the work. 1862 letter to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom because his real name Wong Wan was found, the Qing court ordered the arrest, the help of the British consul in Shanghai flee. Ying Wa College was invited to assist the President will be 13 by James Legge translated into English. In winter and spring of 1867 -1868 roaming France, Britain, Scotland and other countries, on a deeper understanding of modern Western civilization. 1868-1870 years living in Scotland Clackmannan County village of Dura, help Legge. Back to Hong Kong in 1870. Raise funds in Hong Kong, founded in 1874, "Cycle Times", reviews current affairs, to promote reform Reform significant influence. In 1879, Wang Tao of the Japanese scholar invited to Japan for a four-month investigation. Wang Tao visit the Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama and other cities, write "Fuso of Travel." Wang Tao in 1884, returned to Shanghai after an absence of 20 years. The following year President of the Shanghai Polytechnic Institution, until his death. Sun Yat-sen in 1894 to modify the "book on Li," and revised the book describes the scene at the Friends of Luofeng Lu Li, Xu Qiuyuan cardigan so. Wang Tao life in philosophy, education, news, history, literature, etc. have made outstanding achievements in many areas, with the "Tao Yuan Wen recorded outside the provision", "Tao Yuan chido", "Western original test," "Song Bin Suo," and "Roaming With the registered seal," "Song Manlu" the four dozen species.
Life
Childhood and adolescence
Verification of the
Daoguang twenty-eight (1847) Wang Tao to Shanghai to visit his father, the way to visit the London Missionary Medhurst (Walter Henry Medhurst) chaired Verification of the [4], by Medhurst and eldest daughter Mary, two women Yalan reception, the section to the wine and music, and a guided tour, "a bright nebula no fiber, Xun is a glass world" printing house. Wang Tao of the neatly arranged in alphabetical order type aircraft, one day thousands of book Huozi Ban Indian press is interested in the future planted the seeds of its own library to do. Wang Tao met in the Verification of the US-Wei tea, William Muirhead, Joseph Edkins and other missionaries.
In 1848, his father died Wang Tao, Wang Tao, a beautiful wife at home at this time for young girls, must find a job, earn a living, is fortunate enough to recruit missionaries Medhurst, to Shanghai Verification of the work, Verification of the fixed salary, than his teaching in his hometown higher income and more. Wang Tao and the family lived in the Verification of the hostel room hung a pair of couplets: "jackets horse with Guang, Paper House Lo Meng window on the light." Wang Tao in the Verification of the, as Medhurst's assistant, the new translation, "Bible."
Wang Tao in the Verification of the work of 10 years, it has, and Wylie, Joseph Edkins and other missionaries, translated "English Trade's Biography", "the study said shallow," "optical map", "The Origin of the West country day school" and other books, has contributed to Western Learning.
October 1850, Wang Tao's young wife, unfortunately, died.
According to the London Assembly report 1855, 61, Wang Lanqing in August 26th, 1854, to accept baptism, become Christians.
Refuge in Hong Kong
In 1860, Li Xiucheng Taiping led a settlement Suzhou, Changzhou and Shanghai into force. During this period, had not his real name Wong Wan-Tao Wang Taiping Executive Liu Shaoqing a petition seeking art policy ("Long Hair" champion nicknamed the resulting). Later, led by Qing Li accounted for Shanghai, Huang Wan of the letters fall into the hands of the Qing. Huang Wan-Li that is Wang Tao, in order to "pass a thief" wanted for crimes ordered. Verification of the then head of Medhurst Medhurst son of Sir (Sir Walter Henry Medhurst) was the British consul in Shanghai. Wang Tao, the British Consulate in Shanghai refuge for more than four months. October 1862, under the escort of the British consular staff take a desperate Jardine Matheson in Hong Kong cruise. Ying Wa College, Hong Kong, the President - the Shanghai scholar James Legge Verification of the head of an old friend Medhurst, Wang Tao will be arranged to live in London, Hong Kong, the church houses, and engage Wang Tao-assisted translation "13 Classic." Legge translation of the assistance in Wang Tao, "Shang" and "Bamboo Annals." Legge Wang Tao in the leisure time to time invited to the short stay home in Pok Fu Lam. Tao Wang first arrived in Hong Kong, no family, and more war funding Legge to weather the storm.
During this period, Wang Tao also serves Hong Kong, "China Daily word" writer, which he engaged in the beginning of Chinese journalism.
Wang Tao of Hong Kong
Wang Tao lived in Hong Kong, free time after work, diligence related to the history books. Was rare historical materials about Hong Kong, Wang Tao search Gulao to collect information about Hong Kong, the "Hong Kong On", "Hong Hai restrain track," "beyond the material clear Tour" and other three articles, accounts of the geographical environment of Hong Kong, United Kingdom person's condition of the English people after the establishment of Hong Kong's official separatist, anti-system and the soldiers, as well as mid-nineteenth century in Hong Kong schools, churches, folk and other historical information. Wang Tao, Hong Kong article is about the early history of our important documents.
European Tour
Newspaper career
1857 to participate in the "Liuhe Cong Bao" the editorial work, the start of his press event. 1864, part-time "near thing catalog" of editing. Founded in 1874, "Cycle Daily." Is the founder of modern thought newspapers, news in the history of our country, a newspaper political commentator, and his anti-imperialist political commentary, Changyan Reform, energetic, easy to understand and full of feeling, later developed into a new newspaper style, after the development of to Liang, the literary world at that time and later the leaders of influential reformers. After some of his political essays incorporated as "Tao Garden woven paper record", is the earliest one Newspapers TECHNOLOGY. His comments on the newspaper before the press on behalf of the Political Reform Theory of the highest achievements, laid the cornerstone of the modern theory of the press. "Tao Garden woven paper record": is my first one Newspapers proceedings, author Wang Tao. He was the first newspaper in the history of our news political commentator, and his anti-imperialist political commentary, Changyan Reform, energetic, easy to understand and full of feeling, later developed into a new newspaper style, part of his political essays were incorporated as " Tao Garden woven paper record. "
1870 Winter Legge returned to Hong Kong, re-hosted Ying Wa College, along with Wang Tao back to Hong Kong in Aberdeen (now Aberdeen) rented a house back foot, named as "days of the South escape Cave", from No. "Heaven South escape old man," while engaged in writing, still as "China Daily, the word" writer. In the meantime, Wang Tao compile the "French Zhi Lue", "the Franco-Prussian war Discipline" and successively in the "Daily Word" serial, Shanghai "declaration" is reproduced. Later, Wang Tao, "the Franco-Prussian war Discipline" into a 210 000 word editorial booklet. "Franco-Prussian war Discipline" Li popular attention. "Franco-Prussian war Discipline" was introduced to Japan, has caused great repercussions.
1872, Tung Wah Hospital was founded in Hong Kong, Tung Wah Hospital, Tao Wang was elected the first board of directors.
Legge returned to Scotland in 1873, Wang Tao Ying Wa College of printing equipment bought in 1874 founded the world's first successful Chinese-owned Chinese Daily News - "Daily Cycle", it is revered as the first journalist Wang Tao. Wang Tao itself the writer for ten years, in the "cycle of Daily" published on 8 Bai Yupian political commentator, advocating that China must reform movement, set up railway, shipbuilding, textile and other industries to self-reliance. Wang Tao, published in the "cycle of daily" political commentary, short, for each thousand words or so hits the mark is considered China's Political Writings from the creation of press people. 1875 Wang Tao published the famous "Reform self-upper" and "self-strengthening in Reform," "Self-Reform under" three political commentary, the first time in Chinese history, "Reform" slogan than Guanying "" Macao early 18 years, compared with Kang Yu-political reform as early as 23 years. His Studies, according to research scholars, Kang has traveled in 1879 in Hong Kong, a time when Wang Tao as "circular Daily" editorial writer, published a large number of political reform when political commentary, therefore, thought Kang's Reform by Wang Tao is very likely to affect things. Wang Tao is undoubtedly the political reform movement in China pioneer.
Wang Tao, chief editor of "Daily Cycle" is the first in the history of Chinese journalism Political known newspapers. Wang Tao was the first Chinese newspaper political commentators, "Tao Garden woven paper record", is the earliest one Newspapers TECHNOLOGY. Wang Tao's publicist inherited and developed the tradition of ancient China essay, a breakthrough at the time when the Indus culture and stereotyped limitations, the article stressed that the "device contained Road", that "you care about the Chronicle article described the situation" should not rigidly stick in grammar, legalistic. His political commentary and political papers of the press issues and development of the wind changed a great impact.
Study in Japan
Wang Tao, "the Franco-Prussian war discipline," a book and published in the "cycle of daily" on the reforms of political commentary, popular Japanese reformers attention. Guangxu five years (1879) March, Wang Tao of the Japanese first-class editing Shigeno as fast, "reported to the Agency" writer Li cloud of the hoe, Fan Fujioka Lumen, Nakamura integrity, Terada looking south, Sata invited celebrities such as Imperata , to a four-month visit to Japan. Wang Tao, during this period to get acquainted with a group of reformers in Japan, visit the Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama and other cities, write "Fuso Travels." While in Japan, Wang Tao is still an audience imperial ambassador to Tokyo Boxer Movement, Fu Shi Zhang Sigui, Counsellor xian.
Remaining years Shanghai
Wang Tao in the United Kingdom, Japan's fame and his reforms of political commentary, so that a senior official Li Qing high esteem, that Wang Tao was "not the world of excellence, chest Lo-all" want to use call Romania.
Guangxu eight years (1882) Tao Wang had returned to Shanghai to explore the way, visions of Hong Kong Hung Mao-cai proofing "Tao Yuen Man recorded outside the provision" by the Hong Kong Printing Office typography.
Guangxu decade (1884) Wang Tao, he finally returned to Shanghai after an absence of two years of settled in Shanghai's song hidden North Wusong Riverside Cottage. Wang Tao was appointed at this time "declaration" editor.
Guangxu 10 year (1885) founder Wang Tao Tao Garden Publishing, to publish books of wood type.
Guangxu years (1886), Chairman of Christian College, the implementation of Western-style teaching.
Guangxu 10 years (1887) of "Song Bin Suo words."
Guangxu 16 years (1890) Lithograph published in "Roaming with the record stamp", autumn, Wang Tao was appointed "National Public" freelance writing people.
Guangxu two decades (1894) Sun Yat-sen audience with Wang Tao, Wang Tao, Sun Yat-sen modified "with the book on Lee Fu," in the "nations Communique,".
Guangxu 20 years on April 23 (May 24, 1897) west of Cottage Shanghai Wang Tao died.
On behalf of the
Political reform
(Middle), Wang Tao
Alas! The world today and wish to distinguish between things, will start from Europe! As many countries in Europe, for the prosperity of the program, making the hub. Without this, no to division made its long way for a change. The garden has a boat, Erbizeyi vessels, and Western with a car, Erbizeyi train; West with a postal delivery, Erbizeyi electronic music; Western with firearms, the guns alone Er Bi Jing; Western with well prepared defense, and Er Bi of Fort mine alone good at their victory; Western Lu Bing with a navy, Er Bi of the art of war alone long. He is the investigation of others, of the unknown for me; he of the stress, as I shall have less. So are not directly hunchback index. China to set my time without a change in security to all commensurate to the European powers, but with the right according to their means than are zai!
However, the road will be difficult indeed for a change. All Western nations of today, he flies in the face who disdain those who are depending on that too. The Yan Yue: I use my method to rule the world, its own way of the saint in. You just do not know almost timely. Confucius, born almost even today, its not a big fuss over old time off, but not for work, there are known also. Points of view of those in China today without him, said: follow too, struggling too, deceived also, whitewash is also, like it has a monopoly of wisdom, is also false pride; hi tribute flattery and evil with respect, good pay levy goods, which benefit each other. However, he has a thoughtful corrective outstanding person, it certainly not seen with Penang. Gou to a change of that into, its not an uproar and those who by some Greek! Speaker will cover the United States into its words, saying: The public is also China's talent, the breadth of the land also, Kohei the strong also, and financial resources of the rich are the stipulations and the United States and also, beyond the challenge of non-Western country also. Alas! Are alike, carry on. He knows talent especially the people, but I do not know why I used that to support its personnel; know the breadth of the land, but I do not know why I rule that the benefits of their land; know hoplite of the strong, but I do not know that I am practicing the hoplite Wei; know money is a rich but I do not know why Yu their financial income and reduce expenditure, to the infinite and the use of various non-Kui; Observing the degree of beauty, but not a law-abiding, row dimension of power, not to as a dead letter. Where are euphemistically its cover. So to today in terms of governance, a change is not non-functional.
Change the way how? One said: take the scholar in the law should change too. Stickers including one to benefit today and the next trend, Yong corruption by bringing bad not to. Persons are still in the take, say the system branches, several thousands of years to take hasty ignorance, while the number of persons say. Commission to rule the people of the future, the people of their treatment or Down? So I said: take the scholar in the law unchanged, not the end talent.
One said: training of the law should change too. The navy camp this land, its authors at the nationals, the famous but not really. The parties concerned in order to soldiers disappear, but also to raise Yong, can gather and not scattered. Tianjin garrison of Bingzhi million today, although sufficient to guard God, Beijing, wing Paul Exploitation in order to curb strong reputation and halberd iron; and his office are required to rectify Haiphong, green flag over Camp, naval warships, are as easy to instrument more ship, so that a new barrier, and not engage in bow and arrow still spears. Gou is still not early to plan their old, is that the war of not Christians, no special drive of the death also. So I say: Art of War can not change the military strong.
One said: useless schools should change also. Didactic established this discipline, one small-eup, Dayi two, virtual Mi Lin Su, had nothing to do. And its people, both door in an upper story redundant category incompetent, Longzhong few shame, for the disabilities of less than exemplary. College Hill long, pray take the reputation of honor as recommended by the fate of the monthly classes, but to pursue stories. Is there to support persons in the name of the court, without the support of the scholar in reality also. Not if the anti-Chinese legislation when the Imperial Academy, the world Scholars, which also still have to study at.
One said: Law of the red tape should change too. Former emperor into the customs, its people about, but said, law chapters ear. Modern times the clerks, fraud, and statutes more closely and more disordered, but the text for its Dance Nongfa had ears. Arrested Soul context, Shigeru Jue disadvantages day. Hard against the move said, precedents and practices, the old law when the Code, and all things, both for its binding gallop carry on. Is a line of law in the name of the court, without instructions from Law really should. Is not as good as amended by the Education, provincial orders, open, and with the public meet to-day.
All the four, who is also Safe urgent change. Both the four variables, and then west of the Act make reference to almost the meantime. But the most important ones, the right to change our habits, exercise of self on. Gradually collapse with people on the intangible transfer in unknowingly. Cover their variable also, by the end of this and, from inside and outside, by large and small, but Feitu rely almost Western calendar also.
1874 "Daily Cycle"
Political, economic, and military thinking
Self-Reform
Wang Tao a simple dialectic thought, he in accordance with the Book of Changes "Poverty is to change and then pass," and to conclude that "the world do not for a long time and does not change"; he wrote "China so is the same." Wang Tao of the Chinese confidence in the future, "I know China is less than a hundred years, and will make use of the West of the law by his drive to" [23]. Wang Tao stand as an example of the European powers. There are four specific ways:
1, Imperial Examination System Reform Act
2, training law reform
3, the reform of education
4, by repealing red tape
Jun Castles of the people
Wang Tao in Chinese history, the first advocate the abolition of the feudal autocracy and the establishment "and all the people of government affairs, and rule the world" of constitutional monarchy. Wang Tao, the world political system will be divided into three types:
1, monarch of the country, such as Russia, Austria, Prussia, Turkey, the state is the emperor. Wang Tao believes that the main ruler must have Yao, Emperor Shun in the last, to long-term stability.
2, democratic countries such as France, Switzerland, the United States, heads of state to "guide." Wang Tao that the democratic state, "the rule of law more and more divergent, specific efforts toward hard, study the pole, not without flaws."
3, Jun Castles in the country people, such as the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Denmark. "Ritual punishment towards Ting Youbing all major political reward and punishment, will set the public in the House of Commons, but the people monarch can not, can not row, people can and Jun has also not OK also, must jun views of the same, then the distance can be awarded, Walking Man Castles also. "" Only monarch and people rule, connected up and down, people have hidden more than up to the king have the following benefits ... ... such as China handed over the three generations of left Italy. "
Advocates of military reform
Wang Tao advocate innovation weapons, repealing bow and arrow, knives, spears, and replaced with modern firearms; will be replaced sailing ships, "teachers of their best wins of their holdings." Wang Tao that manufacture firearms solely according to Western calendar, ships, building railways, only But fur is plagiarism, even more important is to change the military system and training methods.
Industrial power
Wang Tao that the rich and powerful as the power of this, we must strive Hennessy:
1, development of iron ore, coal, gold, silver, copper, silver and other water;
2, development of wool, cotton, silk textiles;
3, the development of land and sea transport, building ships, building railways.
Wang Tao that "both Xing Zhu Li, China is not rich and powerful who are not of it."
Tax concept
Wang Tao has traveled the UK, France, Russia and other countries, by the capitalist ideology, advocating the development of capitalist industry and commerce in China. Wang Tao that "relies on this business for the country", "rich business that is national wealth" ideas, ideas to reduce business tax levy, "who do not re-sign, not Yao Jia, each persuaded the industry to strive for the I city, the next benefit the rich . " He believes that businessmen likin tax increase burden, obstruct circulation of commodities, should be abolished. Wang Tao advocated Western learning experience, the development of modern industry and mining, that it can "Xing Italy." He pointed out that "taking from the public interest than what is taken from the natural world", and stands to increase the development of industrial and mining revenues.
Translated by Google