Read works of Andy Warhol at 百家争鸣 | |||
As the 20th century's most famous pop art representative, he "distorted or packaging" than Mao Zedong, Marilyn Monroe, the Velvet Underground band, Coca-Cola, the U.S. dollar and Chanel V, in particular from his content to the Velvet Underground forms of design, so the band became the musical history of the only comparable "Beatles" miracle, and the Velvet Underground since then has never stopped them in this world and its culture.
1962 He was on display soup cans and Buli Luo soap box "sculptures" and famous. Schematic drawing of his almost monotonous. He put those images from mass media, such as Campbell soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles, dollar bills, like the Mona Lisa and Marilyn Monroe picture, etc., as basic elements in the painting stand repeated row. He tried to abolish manual elements and artistic creation. All his works were produced by screen printing technology, the image can be repeated many times, to bring a unique wooden screen effect. For his work; cinematographer Harold Rosson Berg had jokingly said: "The numbing repetition of Campbell soup cans with the composition of the columns, like a say over and over again without humor joke." (Nikos * Stangos series "concept of modern art," Hou Han, such as translation, Sichuan Fine Arts Publishing House, 1988, p. 247.) repeated his preference and reproduction. "I eat the same breakfast two decades," he explained: "I think this is the same thing repeatedly do it." For him, there is no "original" to speak of, all copies of his work, he is to use numerous copies to replace the original position. He intends to eliminate personality in the painting and the emotional color, and then quietly to set out the ordinary, but the image. He has a well-known maxim: "I want to be a machine", just with Jackson Pollock claimed he "wanted to be natural," in sharp contrast. His paintings, almost inexplicable, "and therefore it can cause endless curiosity - is a slight bit terrible vacuum, need to chat and talk to fill it." (Robert Hughes book "New Art shock, "Liu Pingjun, G., Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 1989, p. 307.) In fact, the Andy Warhol painting the kind of unique monotonous, boring and repetitive, is conveyed by a certain indifference emptiness, the feeling of alienation, the performance of contemporary civilization, highly developed commercial society, the inner feelings of the people.
His works, highlight the cynical and cool. He painted a clear and recurring simple things which are most in modern society we remember the image of the symbol.
Movie Creation
Andy Warhol's earliest films such as "oral sex" (Blow Job, 1963), "sleeping" (Sleep, 1963), "Kiss" (Kiss ,1963-1964), "Empire State Building" (Empire, 1964) and so on, focus on describing the state of the film are from a single mirror bit editing footage made:
"Empire State Building," as long as eight hours to a single fixed lens digital photography in New York the Empire State Building to the early morning hours in the dark and changes within, and then editing the film a segment together. "The Kiss" is a series taken in August 1963 to the end of 1964 the video, each video in the actor kissing for three minutes.
"The Kiss" is a film production and regulations on the U.S. Bill Hayes (Hays Office Regulation) of the subversion and mockery, this law prohibits more than three seconds between the actor's lips touch. The same period, Andy Warhol produced a similarly named "kiss" Screen print (The Kiss), with the horror film "Dracula" (Dracula, 1931) in macrophages kiss Minahake Sir Dracula neck of the classic lens. These films do not contain audio track. Silent, anti-narrative of the show long time and a minimalist approach to make them impossible to show in cinemas in general. On Warhol, the film is like writing an extension of the plane, canvas and paper film is an alternative carrier. Whether silk printing, photography, film, Warhol is just part of the whole creation. Constant throughout the first thing on the picture in a long continuous shooting, in fact, and a series of Marilyn Monroe on the head of the creative idea is the same. Warhol was the "oral sex", "sleeping," "Kiss," "Empire State Building," the image is made out of screen prints, with different media of recycled his own works.
1965 "My little white face" (My Hustler) film about 65 minutes, consists of two parts. Movie plot is quite simple, like a story without the story, the first part of the film in a sea facing holiday cottage, cottage owner Ed Collie with his bodyguard and his new servant and nurturing of small white face to the seaside resort Paul, Paul a person on the beach sunbathing, Ed balcony in the cabin of his spy. Subsequently, Ed's neighbor Genevieve wealthy young girl and another middle-aged homosexual men Joe to join him, three people began to endlessly discuss Paul's fit body, and how to seduce him, and he went to bed and so on. The first part of the last, Genevieve tried to tease the beach Paul, for his sunscreen, the two went together to the sea swimming. This part of the three were about 16 minutes, 4 minutes and 12 minutes and a half long shot composition. Camera set up between the huts and the beach, so the lens move back and forth between the two, almost, in so far different view box Zeyi zoom lens to complete. The second part is only about 32 minutes of a fixed length lens, shooting in the bedroom, bathroom Ed, Joe Paul taught some manners and how to please the employers themselves, that was all. "My little white face" is essentially one pair of drama (a conversation piece), chattering dialogue around sexual and provocative, reflecting the life of the leisured class, the emptiness and boredom. The film was taken in September 1965, just a weekend shooting, location in the New York Fire Island (Fire Island). Film cost about 4 to 5000 U.S. dollars, the Hudson Theatre in New York the first week of poorly revenue down in the 30 thousand U.S. dollars.
1966's "Chelsea Girls" in the commercial and film critic on the success of the film more than 100 theaters across the United States, Warhol's underground movies jumped from the first table, the sixth year of the independent film awards presentation speech is described his film:
Three hours long, "Chelsea Girls" is such a film. As most of the paragraphs was taken in New York Chelsea Hotel, "Chelsea Girls" was formerly called "Chelsea Hotel." Videos from the 12 30-minute video composed of video content is only fragments of normal daily life, the surface looks like a documentary, in fact actors play according to Warhol made the concept of improvisation. Film using split screen (split screen), which is two groups (or two or more) images side by side are shown, for example, "Chelsea Girls" in the first synthesis of a second video, the first video When shown on the right, second left. Film is only one track, staggered by two fragments of dialogue thrown together. This simple life forms to the scene of two chemical changes, both between each other like a mirror-like control, not when fused into an inseparable whole. Split screen in the form of very avant-garde at the time, "Chelsea Girls" success, directly or indirectly inspired other American films on the use of split screen, for example, Richard Fleisher's The Boston Strangler (1968), Brian De Palma (Brian De Palma) The Blow Out (1981), and 迈克菲吉斯 (Mike Figgis) director of Time Code (2000).
Relative to many avant-garde Warhol film, "Chelsea Girls" Although the form of dazzling, but it is a strong meditation works. Warhol would be sad, joy, indifference, vanity, and the lost beings with juxtaposition, collage out of a modern portrait. Year's "Newsweek" called "underground Yiliyade" (Iliad of the underground).
1967 "I am a man" (I, a Man) is the first touch Warhol heterosexual subjects, from the eight short stories, each short structure size differences, in fact, the same man (Tom Baker 〔〕 played by Tom Baker) and eight sexual risk among women, but he has always been subject to sexual risk-taking to distract them or die a natural death. For example: the first short, Tom and Xinxiyamei (Cynthia May) before playing the first encountered the woman last night, after the morning Tom once again seek to Cynthia Huan, Cynthia repeatedly parents suddenly into the room or maid to clean up and other excuses will be rejected, the results only two rush bin under the bed. The second short, Tom and 史蒂芬妮格雷 (Stephanie Graves), played by women in the top floor of a building a house on fire, ragged, when she told him she was a woman and nurturing, she and her apartment is Valentine's Rendezvous of the love nest twice a week. The third short, Tom and British Gelisubo Vista (Ingrid Superstar) at the table chatting, laughing at Tom's first baby fat and Ingrid clamoring to see her in the chest; Ingrid to Tom to see her in the chest Tom tried to caress her. And Ingrid to go to bed, Tom said he could deceive her psychic, he made her lie on the table, to call back the soul of the ceremony, the result Ingrid in a state of semi-hypnotic about her architect boyfriend.
In "I, a man", the Warhol used Strobe Cut technology, which is in the filming process to be quick close and open the camera to create images and sounds of the fracture, and the actors performances are not interrupted, this Technology was a machine that can simultaneously run radio, the rapid switching between the machine will issue a short beep and the video will be a brief exposure. Thus, in "I, a man" in some of the critical moment when the audience only to quickly see the key, the attendant is a series of flash and beep, like a moving film by the Film Censorship Board has scissors like, let into the theater-goers in vain frustration.
Interestingly, the film is the seventh girl June 3, 1968 Warhol shot the 瓦莱丽索拉 Nasi (Valerie Solanas). As her "I, a man" role, Suolanuosi is a feminist. Her first visit to the factory, is to write her own script for shooting opportunities. The script is called Up Your Ass very avant-garde, bold, even audacious Andy Warhol are always shocked, I thought Suolanasi is sent undercover police, he lured the crime of indecency. At first, Suolanasi that Warhol would use her script, however, when this script after the plant lost unprovoked, Warhol became tangled Suolanuosi object, after she shot Warhol planted Seoul seed. She began asking him for money, asking him to pay her rent at the Chelsea Hotel, so Warhol was to 25 U.S. dollars in compensation to Suolanasi in "I, a man" in the guest. Suolanasi shooting when Andy Warhol was busy film "Lonely Cowboy" (Lonesome Cowboys) of the editing work, the bullet fired into his chest at close range, almost fatal. Suolanasi imprisonment feminist writings published after the "SCUM Declaration" (SCUM 〔〕 Society for Cutting Up Man Manifesto), so she became a feminist symbol of fundamentalist. Canadian female director Malihalun (Mary Harron) in 1996 the event will Suolanasi Warhol shot onto the big screen, called "I shot Andy Warhol" (I Shot Andy Warhol ).
Perhaps we should thank Andy? Warhol, because of the 1960s pop hit temporary movement, homosexuality as an identity label, together with the Beatles, the Rolling Stones music, poster art and drug abuse, as a youth sub-culture and underground culture achieves a kind of right to life: Pope became the younger generation to pursue a new art and new life, against the art of authority and social norms, the way into the art market.
Andy? Warhol work content and the American society of consumerism, commercialism and celebrity worship are closely linked, is for the consumer society, popular culture and the media product. Warhol's works in creation, as he used the broad themes and creative content, work began to break through a single model, reflecting a strong spirit of innovation. The most obvious feature is the type of copy machines, exactly the same themes or different hue theme elements in the same work constantly repeated.
To Andy? Warhol Pop artists represented by a wide range of artistic exploration has changed the world rating in the world, a way of life and art, and proof of life and art without distinction or distinction, few people enjoy the art is no longer , and belongs to the general public, and gradually form a new elite service for the shift from public services for the process of democratization. Andy can be said? Warhol in Pop Art in the exploration and innovation for the modern art of diverse and mutually melt played a positive role in guiding.
Twenty years ago, I was in Manhattan's Lower East Side New York area, a mess of the place. In 1987, Andy? Warhol sudden death due to medical malpractice, the news overshadowed the city, we are being immersed in sad. An incredible man gone, along with those who do, the quirky, vanity-related changes with him, people, events, like a huge magnet, magnetic force suddenly lost. That day was February 22, 1987.
Andy? Warhol was born in Pennsylvania, Forest City, his father emigrated to America from Czechoslovakia to work in the mine, Andy is like to eat snacks around the mother, the children listen to stories. Monotone childhood depression and the future of his dazzling form unimaginable contrast. He came to New York in 1949, the sensitive nature and fine workmanship make him a master of business design. It is regarded as the divine art of the artist as martyr's. Antonio, his first teacher, said, "there would be a day, commercial art is real art." This makes him memorable words from becoming a reality there is still a far distance, it requires a special person with extraordinary life to prove .
Andy? Warhol self-reproduction of the products manufactured, and his communication is its self-characteristics, including all his activities and life itself; as complex interests and absurd behavior of complex, practice of the times he's passionate , desire, ambition and imagination; he created a widely perceived world, and experimental world, civilians of the World, non-traditional experience of the World, anti-elite anti-aristocratic world. This is the reluctant people to accept Andy? Warhol's true value, is ultimately not really know his reasons. Andy? Warhol's greatest value is his lifetime of practice to complete the art of traditional values and social order of irony and disdain, unreal appearance with a victory over his reluctance, and ruthless, with no real-world human . The real irony is that after his death, he has become the new reality of more and more empty of idols, his later contempt itself has become a classic. The real tragedy is not the artist's lifetime and after his death, the fate of the success is always to its opposite, you had how glorious, how much you will become bored. This is the soaring price of his works annotations.
About Andy? Warhol, no one more than he said to himself clear:
"I have no future work, it is clear to me. Just a few years, everything will be all my meaningless."
"I will go to the opening of any thing, including a toilet."
"I like boring things, I like the same could be constantly repeat things."
"You carefully think about it, department store is a museum."
"This country's greatness lies in the United States started a tradition where the richest and the poorest people who enjoy the same things. You can watch TV drink Coca-Cola, drinking Coca-Cola president you know, Korea Sri Lanka? Taylor drinking cola, you think you can drink Coke. Coke is Coke, not Coke better and more expensive, you drink and drink the same corner of the beggars, all the Coca-Cola are just as good. "
Translated by Google