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337 BC, Shen Buhai have died in Korea (now Xinzheng). His book "sub-application" have been lost, and now we can only see other people quote chapter Zero Punctuation, relatively complete only the "rule book group to" Volume 6 cited "general article."
Zheng off country, the Shen Buhai about age 20 to 30 years old. Conquering cheap as a minister, Shen Buhai may learn all that complicated. Because the tube before him, Kui, Shen Dao academic theory have a "technique" component. According to Shen Buhai have been thinking of traces of Taoism, that he is into law by the Road. That makes some sense, but his ideas can not just go for the Road Act 2.
Shen Buhai with South Korea, the Republic of Korea has been weak office. Han Zhaohou throne soon, an ambitious, appointment is an example cheap Chen Shen Buhai, Shen Buhai talent may have its uses.
Shen Buhai academic thought and political reform
Shen Buhai's academic thought, obviously influenced by Taoist influence, but his direct source I still Shen Dao, is not known. But his philosophy and Shen Dao are very similar, they all follow the philosophy of Lao Tzu's great unity. "Act, the law of the heavens, France Road, Imitation of Nature." Shen Buhai that running is a natural law, is irresistible. He believes that the nature of the universe is "static", its rules of "often." He asked to deal with all things should be "static" principle to the "cause" for the method, the "cause" refers to "follow", "Suishun." "Expensive due to" means "with the matter and determined", "your static" performance is "inaction." Shen Buhai these principles to personnel, constitute his social philosophy. "Doing Nothing" proposition that the origin of "I" and "Discarding Knowledge", Shen Buhai's "inaction", asked the monarch to remove the individual as the "inaction" to listen to the views of his courtiers. However, Shen Buhai just put this "static by inaction" philosophy for the "trickery" in. In order to improve this method, he further play "I" "Weak Win strong" ideology, demands monarch "weakness" is not doing nothing monarchy, but a gesture in front of the sovereign decision-making. At a critical time, the applicant requested the sovereign monopoly of all child, determination of all. Shen Buhai's philosophy, is the sovereign of philosophy, political philosophy. This from the Taoist philosophy of "Heaven inaction" evolutionary developments, is his Legalist "trickery" of the Base.
Shen Buhai main "skill", but he said the "operation" is the premise in the implementation of the law to use, and "law" is used to consolidate the monarchy right. Do not speak so he is not "law" and "potential" of.
On the monarch's power, Shen Buhai understand very clearly. In the case of the Warring States hegemony nobility, monarchy is the most concentrated form of national government power, hegemony and self-defense is the best form of organization. He said: "Venerable Jun reason, so also, the Order No, no monarch has, it could maintain careful of." Order is power, and is a top-down "situation" can. "Power" is the sovereign capital.
Shen Buhai that "there must be clear rules ruler of justice, if the suspension balance to weigh the severity." To illustrate the "law", his "real name the responsibility" theory. "Rectification of names" proposal, first put forward by Confucius. Shen Buhai absorbed this idea is the birthright level, not confusion. And Confucian "rectification of names" The difference is, including responsibility for the content division. Shen Zi "rectification of names" is to determine the significance 了 "Main Office, its big, Robinson Department, its fine" principle, but Juti of this principle, that is birthright 按 actual situations down and then proceed to the appointment, listen, check supervision.
Shen Buhai's "name", is mainly political concept, his "name" is the equivalent of the concept of law is a tool developed for the Renjun. The so-called reality, that is, the provisions of the sovereign to the subjects as the responsibility and authority, are the subjects as to comply with the norms monarch. Shen Buhai was originally advised the monarch gave orders to be cautious, but the effect is to strengthen the monarch's personal dictatorship. Shen Buhai can not find how to improve the sovereign authority of the monarch can restrict the way, this is a problem antinomies.
What is a "skill"? Shen Buhai not clearly defined. "Skill" is the monarch's exclusive property, is driven by the subjects as methods of control. "Law" is open, is the subjects of operational guidelines, while the operation is hidden in the sovereign mind, specifically on the Futai Chen's. Shen Buhai said, "Monarch, such as body, such as hand-chen", in that case, the sovereign still on Futai Chen is a complex social struggle by the decision. Warring States, the subjects as regicide, causing habits. The reality is that Shen Buhai, Ren Jun main threat is not from the people or the enemy; but from the minister. So he has repeatedly warned the monarch, on the relationship between the emperor should have a clear understanding that all the ministers do not believe.
Shen Buhai that the monarch has potential, given the law, its position is not solid, the art must have both sides, otherwise it will become awesome potential and the law not good enough, rigid and not accessible. If surgery to Unicom potential and France, on the even more powerful, regardless of movement, are under envoy convincing. His two types of surgery, one is to control the operation, as previously mentioned, "the reality to rectify the name" is about responsibility is assigned to test school supervision. Monarch to rule if there is static dynamic, and inaction, these are leadership, management methods, there is a certain rationality. The other is conspiracy, maneuvering, ever before surgery.
Play politics, certainly not from Shen Buhai, but his is the first researchers in the theoretical system, which in official circles of the political struggle, popular rulers alike. But essentially, useless in a stable regime. Since we have the art of Yu-chen, the party must have misled his majesty, and intrigues, and want to fight, aggravated the instability of the regime.
Shen Buhai research technique, positive leadership control, but also intrigue, we can not say whether he is moral, but it can be said that his thoughts and research can inspire future generations.
Shen Buhai anecdotes
Shen Buhai "back door"
Translated by Google