| Township： | 安徽肥西 | ||
Read works of Liu Mingchuan at 历史大观 | |||
1884-1885 Sino-French war, divided into two phases, the first in northern Vietnam and the Sino-Vietnamese border; the second phase of the war extended to the coastal areas of Fujian and Taiwan, with marine and two naval battle, especially Taiwan's land The most intense fighting. This is the first time since the semi-feudal society into the largest, longest, most intense fighting the war against colonial aggression. Prior to this, during the Opium War the British warships to Taiwan to contain up to be harassed; the Japanese boat was killed by the Ryukyu invasion of Taiwan, the two sides have not been formal contact. The French invasion of Taiwan, it is determined to occupy, the situation is far from the first two serious than can be said that this is really big modern defense of Taiwan.
October 1, Guba rate of more than ten ships hundreds of soldiers in fierce artillery guns under the cover of recidivism Keelung. Defenders fought valiantly for about two hours, hundreds of human casualties, was forced to retreat. French riding landing attack, Keelung harbor and around the positions lost, Keelung City District reported crisis. At this time, the French military under the command of the Rex is offensive than the end in Shanghai. Liu Ming-chuan in a large number of French troops stormed by Hu Mei, Hu Mei keep emergency called for reinforcement of the message, taking into account the location of the Taipei city with a high command, military funding rates mechanical focus here, not slightly Shu Yu. To ensure Taipei, Shanghai and fish weight in Keelung, Keelung, decided to evacuate, move to Shanghai last. After the French occupation of Keelung, at the 8th Shanghai tail attack again. Douglas compared to seven warships bombard positions in Shanghai Last streets and everywhere, and then landing in several road ahead. French is not accustomed to Marine, entered the jungle, they lost the unified command, only fighting each other. At this time, pre-Qing ambush everywhere from the north, east, south and rise Run out in three directions, unstoppable. Phase in the short war soldiers, defenders started to fully play to its advantages melee, while the French army is defeated, numerous casualties. In the end, the French munitions have been exhausted, collapsed across the board, had to run to the beach, fled back to the ship. In this battle, the French side to consider themselves killed 27, injured 49; Liu Ming-chuan in the memorial to the court said: "The army officer killed in post 3, hundreds of people dead and wounded soldiers in the French army was beheaded 25, shot and killed three hundred people. It has also captured 14 soldiers, law, decapitated. "Through this campaign, the French had to admit:" fresh water suddenly lost war, which on the one hand we see the powerful forces of China, a side so that we understand the danger of the situation. This war is difficult to remedy failure. "Since then, the French fleet to take turns in the mouth of the Tamsui blockade of this port, no longer capable of attacking.
October 11, the French development of new and proposed conditions, one of which is the French occupation of Keelung, fresh water can accept third party mediation as a prerequisite. As the freshwater victory, the Qing government categorically rejected such a condition. In order to save the offensive frustration, the plight of the peace talks stalled, the French invaders that effect from October 23 blockade of Taiwan. French blockade the Taiwan External Trade traffic disruption, production stagnated, forage support constraints. But in this case, an enemy army in Taiwan, money money, Youlichuli, support the front. Many continental size vessels, regardless of storms and the danger of being cut-off catch taken night, or in the south-eastern shores illegally by way of breaking the French blockade, the 3000 Huai, 60 steel guns, 9,000 rifles, 200 million rounds of ammunition, 40 torpedoes and 100 000 2 Xiangyin safety into Taiwan. Coastal local authorities have also "co-feed rates mechanical, Nanyang most, followed by the Northern." In addition, the Yunnan and Guangxi provinces army camera to Annan Attacking the French border, that contain. Strong support in the whole country, Taiwan has finally spent the French social and economic crisis caused by the blockade, the blockade of the enemy plan completely bankrupt.
Development of business. Taiwan Business Council established in 1886, has the United Kingdom, Germany and buy Wiley, Wei as a merchant set two old wheels. Singapore to send Li Tongen until the establishment of China Merchants (later changed to International Trade Council), through the purchase of shares to overseas recruitment of vessels, the establishment of shipping companies, navigation in the ports of Taiwan and the mainland, as far as Singapore, Saigon, Luzon and other places. Camphor in 1886 established the General to implement the system specifically to buy and profit a lot.
From the 1885 winter 1886 summer, between half a year more than 400 village might pacify, naturalized seven thousand people. Between spring and summer of 1887, the mountain ask 218 Club, Fan Ding 5 million people, more than 260 former mountain ask community, Fan D 3.8 million people, tens of mu pastoral. All NTU established, then the poor expansion of cultivated broad strokes of Fujian, to fan the public and the mainland people live together, living together and gradually change their practices, while improving their economic situation so that the "Farming and Weaving from the fine, and their goods from the colonization." May 1886 General located in Taiwan ask Ken to Linwei Yuan of the total run, South, North, East 3 Road Reclamation Board and sub-grouped ask, and in all important areas such as large families camphene savages, East Potential Point, Puli Club , Su-ao, Hualien, etc., ask the Legislative Branch, Ken. Board a doctor, to teach farming, teaching reading and other officers, opened Yi Sook, teaching inhabitants for the boy to study. Another special fan at the Taipei School, supply them food, clothing, teaching to Chinese, arithmetic, Mandarin, Taiwanese, daily rituals and regular contact with them and the Han Chinese to play a subtle role. Allow them to eliminate jealous, not to alien itself. For Foreigners, Liu Ming-chuan "three absolutely pro-domain, Mongolia malaria take risk, do not ride but only. He is their leisure Itsuya do not know, they were far too Chi." All these are conducive to the development of Taiwan's modernization.
Liu Ming-chuan of the reform involves the military, administrative, economic and cultural fields, many areas. Because at that time Taiwan is facing a serious threat of imperialist aggression, all measures had to first consolidate the national defense from the start, and always to consolidate national defense as the center. In order to consolidate national defense, we must rectify the arms to enhance defense capabilities; to develop the land, to maintain order and stability on the island; the development of transportation facilities around the island and its contact with the mainland. In order to consolidate national defense, we must raise substantial funds, one way is to clean up land tax, in this regard, Liu Ming-chuan has made tremendous achievements; Approach II is advocating an industrial development of production, in this respect he left office shortly after the beginning the. To consolidate national defense, development of transport, set up new industries, it is necessary to train a large number of scientific and technological talents and absorb foreign advanced experience, hence the West School and the establishment of telegraph school employment and foreign technicians. All of these can explain, Liu Ming-chuan reform Although the Westernization movement in mainland China later, also in a number of practice inevitably will be the impact of the Westernization Movement mainland, but and "lies within Fang, Bingwuduiwai intent" of the Li and his ilk are out of the Westernization Movement, or differential. Liu Ming-chuan was given to the involvement overseas and private capital, he set up both the railroad and coal companies to participate in stock, some companies do well to run on, this is also the overwhelming status of government-run enterprises are different in some Westernization. He has founded companies such as railways, postal services, telecommunications, shipping, etc., most are effective, and not the mainland government-run enterprises as long-standing heavy loss on very. Liu Ming-chuan vision is not only limited to Taiwan, he also hopes "to an island-based country rich and strong" to Taiwan's "corner of the range of facilities for the nation", from this point of view, should also be sure he is a Westernization Movement people with progressive tendencies.
Translated by Google