| Web/Pen/Nick Name： | 孝文皇帝 | ||||||||||||
| Temple Name： | 高祖 | ||||||||||||
| Tomb： | 长陵 | ||||||||||||
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拓跋弘Xing Yin Wei Di frequent rows, and a long residence time in the Yin, generally two or three months, sometimes longer. Such as the Emperor in the Pacific Zhenjun too "nine-year (AD 448) Jun Xin, OK Yukihiro Palace," "Winter in December, the Crown Prince towards the palace," stay in the palace for six months Yin. For the needs of inspecting, Wei Di palace built in the Yin on. Wei Di palace is Weidi strategist, commanding the front line of command of military operations, is also accompanied by Empress Wei Di, and daily life of the host, while the famous palace in the historical records of Yin saw the Canton Palace (also known as Canton de Hall). "Wei Shu" contains: Emperor in the Pacific Zhenjun too, "three years in May, OK fortunate Yinshan North. Jun Leisure, Yang harder and harder towards the palace. First, from the house in Yinshan North, Temple into the harder and harder to, say due to wide Tak Yan. " "Wei Shu" continues: "six years of summer in August, car receives favor Yinshan North, second to Canton Palace." Clear that these few paragraphs: Wei Di Yin Yin palace in the north, named Canton Palace. Canton Palace was built in three years too Zhenjun Taiping Emperor (AD 442), the Wei Di Xing Yin north line, the Department incurred in the Palace in Canton. Xian-Wen Hung was born in Yin Tuoba North, would also be born in the Canton de palace.
Xian-Wen Wei dynasty Tuoba Philip is a special emperor, his short political career, both full color comic, but also full of tragic mood. He Wenwuquancai, 12-year-old successor revealed his superhuman abilities and courage. Rectify internal affairs, enhancing national strength, four crusade, is committed to reunification, as if a wise monarch accomplish a great deal of posture. However, after five years of reign, when the rule of business smoothly, he is suddenly ceded to the throne Prince-year-old Robert W. macro.
In fact, Robert W. Philip, though good Taoist, Buddhist map, but not world-weary, "Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji," said he, "Cong Rui machine of Understanding", there are monarchs of the sky since childhood, "people have already been taken of economic regulation." After his 12-year-old reign, "diligently for the rule of strict reward and punishment, pulling clear section, dismiss corruption" so greatly changed the face of the Northern Wei Dynasty Official. Baiguan early Northern Wei had no official's salary, official corruption a very serious problem, resulting in the corruption of officialdom, leading to the class conflicts and ethnic tensions intensified, Robert W. Philip and demote and promote use of reward and punishment approach may not fundamentally solve the corruption and bribery , but also temporarily had a noticeable effect, "Wei was the beginning of Mushou who are honest with news" ("Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji"). This is the Robert W.'s Central Plains have not been good since the phenomenon, said Robert W. Philip must therefore have statecraft. Furthermore, according to the actual situation in the Central Plains, reform the tax system, "life lost because of the people rich and poor rental law for the third class, such as the Three Grades, the Mishina lose Pingcheng, lost him in the state, the next input state" ("Wei Shu Hin Zuji "). This will not affect the use of state taxes, but also to solve the majority of poor people, long-range transportation Fu, tired of Taxes and the problem, but also the rich differently. Robert W. Tao, another change he has re-imposed tax policy, the national financial situation remains tense, taxes, implement policy, issued an edict to remove the often complex endowed than 15 kinds of tone, relieve the people of the Central Plains burden, ease the ethnic conflicts. Robert W. Philip ascended the throne has also made great military victory. On the north, four army conquered his personal Dushuai Rouran, beheaded 50000, captured some thousand dollars may not win his military devices. Rouran Yuandun, north to peace. On the south, reuse general Wei Yuan, down to complete the public King Song, Zhang Dang, achieving Liu Song of Xuzhou and Yanzhou, and widened the Northern Wei Dynasty in southern Xinjiang. Robert W. Philip ascended the throne five years, domestic and foreign affairs are the remarkable results achieved so much, enough to prove that Robert W. Philip is a text to military training, there are both ambitious courage of the emperor.
Robert W. Philip also has strict quality just a politician, he was not Taoist, Buddhist graph theory bound. To further remediation style corruption, he has developed a strong law, "clerks under the supervision of sheep a Pro, Wine cups were dead, and who to sit on from the" ("Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji") further provides that "there could have been under the correct Book of counts were reported, with the severity of the correction granted the official." This law is very harsh, and fully embodied in the regulation of society at any cost determination.
Robert W. Philip von Queen Mother is the father Emperor Wen Cheng Chun Robert W. Queen, but not the mother of Robert W. Hong. She is a "guess the right number of more tolerant" ("Mirror" Wang Hui Song Cangwu four years), power-hungry strong woman. She had just ascended the throne at the Robert W. Philip can not reign the period of mourning, the Court Affairs, said the system. During this time, she has planned a special right Heaven's chaotic affairs Qiu B muddy, so move towards truly yours. However, Eric has not had time to fully display her political skills, on the expiry of mourning for Robert W. Philip, had to go political. She has been interested in politics, however, Robert W. Philip reign after their prime, the country well and can be distinguished, so Feng can not interfere in affairs of state Queen Mother, so they inevitably had a gap between. Hung Fung and Robert W. coupled between the non-blood relations, they will gradually increase friction between. Feng younger widowed, "experts is not correct" ("after Weishu Huang Biography"), caused by his courtiers ridiculed stolen, damaged the image of the ruler Robert W. Hong. Robert W. Philip is very disgusted, he excuse the killing of the favorite of the Empress Dowager Feng Li Yi, a move that further two of them to the opposite position. As a serious lack of historical data, we can not know that they infighting between the specific process. Robert W. Philip was poisoned but later, von Queen Mother ruling, imposed on the succession of Emperor Xiaowen of the various incidents of persecution, can be inferred, von Queen Mother was being deliberately looking for opportunities to contest with Robert W. Philip, her power is gradually expanding, Robert W. Philip saw the inevitable end-death struggle of Ni, but also a premonition that the ruling after a difficult. Perhaps Robert W. Hong, "Rensiao purely to" ("Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji"), determined character, or some kind of power constraints, so he did not pre-emptive measures taken against von Queen Mother, but Christianity and Islam to the concept actual result.
Robert W. Philip court faced with the imminent outbreak of civil strife, wants to Christianity and Islam to escape the struggle, which is made after careful consideration he decided. Prince has been established at that time, he did not intend to pass the throne Prince, but the first choice of the Huang Shu Wang Robert W. son Jingzhao push. Robert W. Philip that, both as a high official of the Robert W. son push "Shen Ya kindness, when the reputation is known" ("Mirror" Song Mingdi Taishi seven years), all the power of such a prestigious Robert W. heavy imperial clan members, such as to ascend the throne, should be able to deal with von Queen Mother, to ensure the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty solid. More importantly, this way, the imperial system would transfer, Robert W. Philip and Prince Edward possible from their Queen Mother Feng calculation.
However, the throne of inheritance and transfer of the feudal state but the most sensitive and important political issues, to some extent it is not one decided by the emperor, but by the ruling faction in the co-decision power. Moreover, this very unusual, Christianity and Islam, is a rare surprise. Therefore, Robert W. Philip of the idea had been suggested, or poor they first looked at each other, and then a strong opposition. First of all objections that any brother of Robert W. son of the king of pushing Robert W. Cloud, he said: "Your Majesty, Masataka peace, clinical follow-universal, Qi De violates the ancestral temple, under the abandoned Zhao Min. And his son is said, it to be numbered . Majesty dust which must be abandoned Services Committee, the Crown Prince Yi Cheng-orthodox. "then pointed at Robert W. son Zen push will lead to serious consequences," Your Majesty, if the more popular offshoot, "will" Kai evil heart disorder, Sinai fortune of the original, not accidentally also "(" Mirror "Song Mingdi Taishi seven years). He then minister of state resources, imperial clan Robert W. Pi, Shang Lu Bo also expressed opposition, they are opposed to Christianity and Islam to the common idea is that if Zen is an inevitable disorder in Huang Shu Huang Commission order against the chaos of the heart of Kai. On second thought, if necessary, Christianity and Islam, should be Zen in the Crown, which is willing to cater to the public, the best choice for stability and rule. But Zen is the Robert W. Prince Philip at the bogey, because that will lose him the meaning of Christianity and Islam. He heard the ministers statement, the color for anger. Elsewhere, he still would like to open a gap, get support, then asked the Ministry of Shang Zhao side black, get the answer: "Chen Yi Feng wear the crown prince died, I do not know the other." ("Mirror" Song Mingdi Taishi years) and veteran Gao Yun Han comprehensive ministers made comments: "His Majesty is willing to entrust the heavy Shangsi ancestral temple in commemoration of the Duke of Zhou assisted into the matter of the king." settled, everyone had to accept the views of Robert W. Philip, was forced to say out: "What, then stand Prince, Public supplemented group, Why not." This process has clearly demonstrated, Robert W. Philip, Christianity and Islam are compelling, but also compelling in Prince Edward Chan.
Robert W. Philip, Christianity and Islam, the order to be successful adjuvant child emperor, lay a solid foundation for him, he better work hard, repeatedly issued edict, but in the political, military, internal affairs, foreign affairs on actively take effective measures to and achieved remarkable results.
Hexi Tuyuhun join themselves to resume after the rebels also, Northern troops after crackdown, Robert W. Philip Hexi Hunts with little emperor that comfort, intended to Tuyuhun Zhang Yang Emperor Xiaowen of the power of small, lay the foundation for future rule. AD 473, the Robert W. Hong soldier cutting the South, and to make extensive set of tax people engaged in the country to make large-scale military forces south of the gesture, like to bluff, to the offensive play the role of stability in southern Xinjiang.
As can be seen from the above, Tuoba Hong bent make every effort, both internally and externally, to create a clean and stable world, for the young Emperor Xiaowen's reign lay a good foundation, which is more proof of his Christianity and Islam are forced, is forced to stay in power. However, in the feudal regime, the political struggle is harsh, not life and death is a lose-lose, Robert W. Philip Although Christianity and Islam to be forced to pick ourselves up again later, to meet the struggle, but it means the end for not being tough enough, did not start treatment of people, In Christianity and Islam five years later, von Queen Mother was poisoned. The young overlord did not realize his long-cherished wish, for future generations left deep regret.
Hong Wen Xian Tuoba people suffering from the face of a great headache, do not want to go to war to suppress, we have to discuss with or poor: "I was supposed to the people from harm, unfortunately bad thing for those officials, so that frequency from the chaos thing. Today, more people violating, can not put them all arrested and killed. I mean by amnesty to pacify you think? "
Economic reform
Royal Northern Wei Xianwen Tuoba Hong period, its social leap into the feudal system, the progressive development of productive forces. However, in form of rule, the Northern Wei still retaining their early remnants of slavery, particularly in the unity of the North before the war in captivity to the population not as slaves, and gave to the kings, nobles and military exploits are engaged in agriculture and handicraft industry productive labor. Taxes, the care system in the implementation of metropolitan areas of the Governor, the average household annual adjusted household is silk, two, Xu jin, silk pound, Su 20 stone, plus local fees collected tune of silk a nijo. And any increase in temporary requisition, frequently each household to pay 30, 50 Ishiguri. The bread was no formal officials, corruption, bribery, loan sharking company line. Offered during the reign of Emperor Wen Tuoba Hong, general Gongsun track to the previous party (today Shanxi Changzhi North), when the single-horse Zhibian to come back from the vehicle 100. Tuoba rulers to implement the policy of national discrimination. In war, soldiers were forced to drive people of all nationalities in the former charge, Xianbei cavalry force in the post-flooding. Xian-Wen Hong siege Tuoba years Xuyi (now Jiangsu Xuyi Northeast), the letter to Liu Song Morimasa quality Zang said, attacking the city's not my Xianbei people, you kill them, so they will rebel.
Economy in the North Weixian Wen Wei Hong Tai Tuoba the reign of social productive forces and gradually restored and developed in northern China from the West Jin Yongjia Rebellion (310) and after 16 times of the war-torn countries, people die Bing Ge, death in the famine, surviving population of less than 50. Central Plains pack of depression in sight. Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north, after a long hard work of all the people and the common struggle, relations of production have been adjusted, the development of production significantly. Hong Wen Xian Tuoba particular reform, a significant increase in farmers China, Hong Xian Wen Tuoba ago, the country has reached five hundred thousand households, compared with the Western Jin Taikang years more than doubled. Agriculture, handicraft industry has a significant development. "In Luoyang," said the late Northern Wei Yan Fu people, on board folk music, food and clothing was to protect rough. In handicrafts, the late Northern Wei and new steelmaking technology achievements, I pull with the rule of the state (in this Anyang) made of sharp steel knife. Active business gradually, Wo ago, almost to a standstill in Northern business, money, goods flow nothing week. Xian Wen Tuoba Hong Shi, Yuan Shu as the prefect Dong, where many people abandon farming business. With the commercial development, money to restore circulation, Wo 19 years, has re-cast "Wo five baht," the money to provide this money in the capital and national states were the town can pass.
Hong rule in Tuoba (reigned 465-471), the pa people at the expense of Chinese dynasties at the expense of the South, but also made a lot of victories. Pengcheng 466 years of occupation, 467 years to conquer the Huaihe River Basin, 469-year occupation of Shandong. 470 people punished in a Tuoba Xianbei tribe (the mongolian Tuyuhun), Tuyuhun since the early 5th century living in the Qinghai Lake area.
Death of Emperor Northern Wei Xianwen
After several months of consolidation, von Queen Mother found in many matters, how their efforts should take no time, then please Zhongshu Ling Gao Yun, assistant minister in the book show high-Jia Lu, and three of his assistant, she was ruling the country.
As age increased, offering more and more rude Queen Mother of Feng Wen, not only disobedient, but deliberately finding fault provoked angry von Queen Mother.
Buddhism is very interested in offering Wen offensive power and position, decided to vacate the throne, his uncle pushed Tuoba child so that it can retaliate Queen Mother.
One day, Empress Dowager Feng was a chord pulled people cry upset the mind. Xian-Wen Wang Q. Why are you crying pa, pa Macro said: "The situation on the Fu Huang sentimental too serious."
Tuoba macro to protect themselves, hiding in the palace school, no longer concerned with state affairs. After the Empress of civilization that no longer ignore the Tuoba macro.
Yan Xing three years in October, offered once Wen prepare for the campaign. Xian Wen pregnant state when passing through the south, Xue Huzi kneeling see, calls to the office Fang Town, Xian Wen had allowed. Empress Feng is very angry, but she pretended not to know, and bear it.
Xian Wen caused the death of many people's hatred of the Empress Dowager Feng. Lantai Censor Zhang demand the death of Emperor Wen of the offer expressed doubts that he offered to contact loyal to Emperor Wen of the officials and the earth, plotting a coup. They are ready to take advantage of tiangongsi annual Great Law, set Dao Fushou, while Empress Dowager Feng pilgrimage worship opportunities, captured her and forced her return power to Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba macro. Things leak, von Queen Mother, who sent troops to arrest Zhang demand, killing thousands of people involved with the case. In order to stabilize the political situation, issued an edict Powerbut Empress Feng hearings.
Translated by Google