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Gentry's family and early experiences
Andi Yi Jin Hee ten years (AD 414), the 17-year-old Fan Ye, prefectural governor signs the provision of his main book. At that time, Fan Ye Fan Tai with his father, as in the Liu's political support, it would not be the provision of office. Six years after 420 AD, Liu Yu on behalf of the Jin emperor, changed its title to Song. This year, the 20-year-old Fan Ye summoned to the son of the Liu Pengcheng Wang Liu Yigong the government to join the army under the title, and later joined the army with the government to Youjun. After more than ten years, he has served as soldiers outside the Book of Lang, Jingzhou Biejia in history, Secretary of the supervisor, the new prefect Cai, Stuart in Zhonglang, Shangshu Li Lang Department of multiple functions.
Emperor Wen Yuan Jia nine years (AD 432) in winter, the provincial governor of Yangzhou Wang Pengcheng Wang Liu Yikang toffee mother died. Liu Yikang to it were summoned to the House Liao help with funeral arrangements, Fan Ye also arrived at the scene. Liu Yikang's mother died, Fan Ye really sad it up. Temporary burial in the day before the night, turn to watch his brother Fan Guangyuan, Fan Ye brothers invited a friend hiding in the house and drank the wine. Tipsy hazy occasion, Fan Ye have forgotten of interest, actually push open the window, listening to elegy to help wine. This spread, Liu Yikang very angry. Up a few evil of others, Emperor Wen Fan Ye sent to Xuancheng put (today Xuancheng) went as prefect.
The Demotion on Fan Ye was a great stimulus. Brought back on the career ups and downs of his childhood, some of the secret anguish. Fan Ye Although born in the name of the door Nobles, but he himself is a concubine born Bastard. Jin from "Yongjia since the entropy to be the concubine as slaves, concubinage met his wife if wenches", (Wang mao "Wild-off Series" volume 15), Dishu of difference is insurmountable bureaucratic House Oita, which determined the their children's social status. Fan Ye's mother gave birth in the toilet and hitting his forehead, thus falling a little word for "brick." Di Mu born Gege Fan Yan jealous of his scholarship, he was "into profits", that he was the scourge of the final home breaking family. Fan Tai Fan Ye do not like his father, early on he had one of his from the Bo Fanhong of. Kip honor and officialdom drifting, making Fan Ye was depressing. Either in Xuancheng, he began to engage in the history of the Later Han codification attempt to resolve the pain. Historical research, opened his eyes. After speaking, Fan Ye: "This is not the relevant historical, political Hang it feels unsolvable ear. After making both the Han, is turning system thread." This means that many of the original reality can not answer the question, in contrast with the experience of history, after He gradually sorted out some clues. Fan Ye With personal understanding of the issues of history, to write the history of his famous work "after the Han." This year, he was 30 years old.
After the success of Han Shi Shujie
"Later Han" notebook on the first year from the Han Guangwu Jianwu (AD 25), twenty-five years, under-payment Emperor Xian of Han Jian (AD 220), won the Eastern Han Dynasty generation of 190 years of history. Fan Ye Ji originally planned to write 10, 10 Chi, 80 biographies. 10 Chi, Xie Yan, commissioned on behalf of his essays. Xie Yan search essays completed, involved in the ruling class struggle, and Fan Ye killed the same to conspiracy charges. Fan Ye Zhi draft and follow written procedures cases scattered and lost. Liu Chao-Liang note after people, "the Book", the result of Fan Ye who have praised the Western Jin Dynasty Phrase of the "Han added," Suiqu blog to supplement their eight books of short range, so this blog is still called the "Han-chi continued . "
Fan Ye have said before, he compiled "the Book" seeks, "want to roll with fat because of something to gain and loss is a generation." This clearly put forward the written history and politics can be said that the first person in history. Therefore, special attention to the History of Fan Ye. He adopted the form of explicit comment on the praise historical events, as the focus on the history, as "the Book," a feature. Fan Ye Qian also inherited the "General Features" of the compilation of ideas. He in many procedures, theory, break the dynasty of the off limits, as far as possible to the occurrence of a historical phenomenon, development and results described clearly, trying to be summarized. Although he finds mostly superficial internal relations of things, even some are wrong. However, this historical development of the situation on the discourse from the ancient and modern variations, summarized the law of historical development, historical research methods is desirable. For example, in the "Biography of Dong" in the Preface, Fan Ye discussed in detail from the spring to the end of Han of the Change: the Warring States period of heavy plot, respect for that disability, and thus induce a lot of people argue for Chi skillfully decorated with fishing interests; Han emperor Wen Li Chien wide, cause people to light dead weight righteousness, resentment hatred will rage; Emperor uphold the gentle academican study, there was the partisan disputes; to the occasion Huan Ling, the main Famine wrong, eunuchs in power, the resulting clear discussion of the epidemic. In his view, "Shang Hao will be even lower, correcting mistakes so they had to direct its management course carry on." Table Ming Fan Ye have seen some of the historical development of the phenomenon in opposition to the conflict, he attempted to use "reasonable" to outline. In the "Biography of Dong" in the Preface, Fan Ye also conflicts with the four things to describe the problems facing the party restrain the contradiction described the simple dialectic of thinking, which in the past in the history books are rare.
Fan Ye, "the Book" genre problem is fixed over some brains. According to "History of the Sui Rui Wei Chuan," recorded when Fan Ye books on biographical and chronological been compared. He said: "" Spring, "who was neither the total strategy, a good crash-shaped, most people intended to be, it is short; biographical, historical course of the change also, the quest for a generation, do justice week learned that proper after school, this Yan is good, so then for the. "This shows that in his view, the use of biographical writing than the chronological history of more comprehensively reflect the historical truth, to give future generations more things.
"Later Han" Most follow the "Historical Records", "Han" ready-made style, but in the course into a book, Fan Ye generation of history according to the specific characteristics of the Eastern Han Dynasty, then there are the innovation and change. First, he acquired in the Imperial Queen century after century. Eastern Han Dynasty from Teijin, for continuous six Empress Powerbut. To their activities in written form of discipline, not only perfectly justifiable, but also accurately reflects the political character of this period. Second, "the Book" additional "party Forbiddance", "eunuch", "BUILDING", "lone", "the alchemy", "hermit" and "Women in the" seven class pass. Fan Ye was the first in the biographical histories of women for secondary transmission of the historian. Especially valuable is that the "Biographies for Women" collected by the 17 outstanding women, not all virgin widows, but also does not meet the ethical standards of propriety Cai Yan talented woman. Fan Ye's first "BUILDING Biography" is to grasp the literary trends of the Han Dynasty, the Confucian four branches of literature placed in the lowest position of its due place. In addition, the "Biography of Dong", "eunuch Biography" is to reflect the generation characteristics, generation of major general set up. Third, "the Book" highlights the "theory" and "praise" status. Sima Qian and Ban Gu and Chen Shou's writings in their comments also express the history of the specific names but different. "Historical Records" called "Aspirations", "Han" to "praise", "Three Kingdoms", saying "Comments." "On", "praise" in "the Book" in the importance of the book far above the previous three because Fan Ye not only historical facts using this form of comments, but also an historical figure or event are reviewed, from several aspects repeated analysis of the mass play a role in problem solution. "Later Han" and "theory" generally refers to the back of biographical, almost each have one or one more. On the order of another, also known as sequence, in the "Queen Discipline" and pass in front of miscellaneous. More than a comment on history and historical figures, sometimes taking the form of allegory or emotion. Chan Chi Chuan in the back of each has one, be one with the four words written rhymes, or general historical facts, or issue of further new ideas, and more can make up on deficiencies. Refining the language of praise, deep intention. Such as from "Guangwu Ji" to "Emperor Xian Ji" praise, summed up the Eastern Han Dynasty set up, different stages of development and decline of political events. The nine praise together, is simply a language written in rhyming Political History of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the "Hu spread the" the authors write an illicit sexual relations to take content has no short-long bureaucratic promotion history, Chan said: "Hu public Yong Yong, accessories love Christine appearance. DPRK chapter though reason, it is, or radial." Revealed On the character of such accusations and indignation.
"Later Han" well-structured, arranged and orderly. Biographies such as 80, generally carried out in accordance with the times has ordered. The initial three volumes for the man of the occasion of the Han. Then nine times the volume is Guangwu imperial clan princes and important generals. Volume 13-42, frontispiece people are living in the next, chapter, and Tells period, and to co-anchor close or transfer by descent. On the following another eleven volumes Shun, who favored during the celebrity, and then the next is Huan, Ling, offered three Korean characters. Four volumes of 66 to 70, and nine for the upright officials Biographies, Biographies final volumes for the side of family. In addition, "the Book" in strict also in Fan Ye can stick to the issue is not contained in the compilation of the two principles, where the number of people associated with the issue, then see this he will not see. Fan Ye book through the careful set of nuclear, did have a few said Liu Zhi, "Jane and the week long arms" ("General History sidebar") strengths. Meanwhile, Fan Ye used in class classification method is also very characteristic. The same character he co-authored a biography, and sometimes even break the time limit, plus Wang, Wang Fu and Zhong Chang hits the mark because the argument, I also indifferent to honor, although not contemporary are combined for transmission. This greatly increased the capacity of the book, but the deeds to a lot of good character who caused more than a biography of the opportunity. Like "Zhuo Inheritance" was neither an Official Wang Mang integrated hole closed, Tsai, five people's deeds, "origin of mass" is appended, together with the origin of 17 against the deposed Prince's story.
Fan Ye is basically an atheist. In "the Book", he violently attacked the Buddhist false. These views focus on the "Western Regions" theory. He pointed out that since Zhang Qian has done little in the Western Regions of God on Buddha records, so all the claims of Buddhism are-coming. Although the Buddhist "kill evil good jen, bright spacious Chongshan" doctrine has attractions, but it is singularly deceitful way without, especially God never dies, and the karma of the view is even more so that access to good sense of people can not accept. Fan Ye also, "Xiang Kai Chuan" and "Huan Ji" theory, on the worship of Emperor Huan of Han Buddhism was bitter mockery and criticism. Fan Ye opposed to the theory of fate. In the "Li circulated" theory, his pass to Lee, "Liu revival, Lee supplement" the prophecy uprising encouraged Xiu commented: "Heaven lives and untold saints, hidden micro-state is speculation, not wild jump to a blessing, pollution destroy clan, all the power to dissatisfied Zai! "It said Ming Fan Ye do not believe prophecies. He also "Zhang Heng Chuan" in the collection of Zhang Heng's anti-Prophecy sparse. Zhang Heng cited a large number of historical facts, demonstrates Prophecy's deceptive false, Fan Ye have documented in great detail, that the agreed approach. Interestingly, he Wu Xiong, ZHAO Xing and Chen Bojing three co-contained in the "Kuo Kung Chuan" post. Wu Xiong, Xing-Two do not believe in witches, Gu Fan demon ban, not only punish but not family III official. However, Chen Bojing step-side knee moment, denying the word death, but inevitably saw and knife. Fan Ye Yin and Yang proved by historical facts absurd taboo. "Later Han" in the atheistic and anti-destiny ideology, no doubt there is progressive. Because of restrictions, Fan Ye Atheism is not complete. "Later Han" reflect this ideological contradiction. As in "Dou Wu, He Jin Biography", he sinus, where the failure of two compared with the Duke, said the "wisdom of non-shortage, right over there, Heavens loser" point of view. "Later Han" Save some superstition records, especially in the "magic and Biography", he reduced the fee a long room, the king assumed Joe's teal, Zuo Ci's Yang Ming, Guo Xian, Luan wine bar Sun Fire written in vivid, as if the world really Xianshu. Fan Ye thought this is a negative factor.
"Later Han" is also reflected in the progress of the political courage to expose the dark, sympathy and praise righteous behavior. In the "Wang, Wang Fu, Zhong Chang Chuan", the Fan Ye detailed collection of eight attack current paper. Most of these articles to promote a heretical thought, such as the causes of social unrest attributed to the ruling class boldly perverse results. They say you can not see the cruelty of the monarch against his will, and always think that their rule is to consolidate. Thus, to meet the individual's desires, anything done out. He "hungry wolf" "hungry tigers" as the bureaucrats assigned to the country, "the world of grease boil, chop the bone marrow stranger," result "pernicious boredom, and bring disaster, China has dragged on, Shii invasion of rebellion, fall apart, a North Korea away. " These articles exposed the corruption of the ruling class of luxury, that they "span hundreds, cream field full of wild, slaves 1000 group, only laws of thousands", "dishes that look like the smell of meat and not edible, and can not defeat mellowness of the Spirits drink." Also believe that some of the relationship between the emperor is Chen prisoner relations are between the conquerors and conquered the relationship. Fan Ye addition to oral statements by the ancients thought their heresy, at "Dou Xian Biography" of the abuse of power directly to the monarch, expressed dissatisfaction with the behavior of human spoil: "Dongfang Shuo said: compared with the tiger, was not mouse, the letter now! to remark of, persons with a bed of dust Huai Yan Wan who, Yi He supported zai! "" the Book "On the one hand to expose the rich and powerful people fish, on the other hand recognize that strong and upright, in defiance of violence the lower people. In the "Biography of Dong", he was 21 biographies of people, strive to praise their integrity, and Jian Zhang, Fan Pang, Li Ying, who has written a lively and vivid, melting into the author's feelings. Unfortunately, although he sympathized with the suffering of the people, but against the peasant uprising. Fan Ye of the Yellow Turbans basically negative attitude, which is determined by class position.
"Later Han" Fan Ye, private writings, they have not completely finalized, so in his lifetime, very few people see this book, not significant.
By nature upright all-powerful
Liu Song dynasty, local officials are still inherited the mandate of six years during the term in the Jin regime. Yongjia about fifteen years (AD 438), Fan Ye left the Xuancheng, transferred to Changsha Wang Zhenjun Nagao, and led to Ningshuoqiangjun.
The following year, Fan Ye Di Mu died in Yidu. At that time, his brother Hao Fan served as prefect in Yidu. After the father died, Di Mu Hao has been in the government with. In accordance with the provisions of propriety, Fan Ye should instantly depart funeral arrangements. But he was not feeling Di Mu elements, it has been reluctant to the road, forced to leave after he carried his wife with a small self. Fan Ye's violation of a series of ritual acts, by the Royal Shi Zhongcheng impeachment. Emperor Wen appreciated a Fan Ye's talent, not his Offences.
Since then, seventeen years from the Yuan Jia (AD 440) to the 20 year, more than five years, Fan Ye's career has been relatively smooth. He has served as Siheung Wanghou Jun Nagao, and leading South Xiapi Prefecture. Transferred by the Yuzhou Siheung Wang Jian Kang (now Nanjing) for the provincial governor of Yangzhou, Fan Ye accompanied into Beijing. Soon, he was promoted to command part of the imperial guards of Samori generals and duties equivalent to that of Prince Zhan Shi Shang. FAN Ye can have many aspects, in addition to broad knowledge, good for the culture, but also proficient in music, good at calligraphy. However, Fan Ye man proud unruly and refused to meet the supreme ruler. His lute playing is very good, and can create a new song. Emperor Wen would like to hear them repeatedly hinted, Fan Ye pretended ignorance, refuses to play the Emperor. At a banquet, Emperor Wen request directly to the Fan Ye, said: "I want to sing a song, you can accompany it?" The last words were, Fan Ye had to the throne to play. When Song Yuandi finished singing, he immediately stopped playing, actually refused to take Danyi Qu. The court held the positions of the official Yu Ping, He is still the, Xu Zhan, Shen speech of other people are jealous of his talent, not willing to be the emperor's specially trusted Fan Ye. Fan Ye, while not curry favor with the emperor, and his colleagues are honest. At that time, General Shen speech of the right protection, and Fan Ye travel ban on the palm, with the participation confidential. Every time an audience with the emperor, Fan Ye, if a first, will come together for such speech into Shen. And his colleagues has never been ill, tried their best to squeeze out against even against him. Shen has always been like no other play of the entry into the habit of Fan Ye. Soon, Fan Ye see through the sinister thief anion colleagues, wrote an article "and Hong Fang" were ridiculed for their slander. According to the characteristics of his colleagues, he likened them to some "more exclusive" musk, "faint blunt" and "paste date"; some likened to the "virtual dry" and "Spirit Lophanthus rugosus", "sticky wet" "Zhan Tang" and so on, and Fan Ye uses a "pragmatic and easily and the" self-evident. "China and the Hong party" one, not as colleagues. In official circles filled with traps, Fan Ye do not know how to protect themselves, and finally leads to killing themselves disaster. Pengcheng Wang Liu Yikang long-term power, authority on heavy suspicion by the Emperor Wen. As time went on, becoming ever more acute conflict between two brothers. Yuan Jia 17 years (440 AD), Emperor Wen of "joint party with group of potential meter plot," Heaven's charges, exile was a confidant of Liu Zhan Liu Yikang, Liu Bindeng more than ten people, and lifted Liu Yikang of Saisuke duties he was demoted to Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) as Jiang prefectural governor. Liu Yikang to Yuzhang after their defeat, then stepped up their activities to prepare to seize power.
Yuan Jia 20 year (AD 444), the Liu Yikang several confidants planning a coup. As control imperial guards Fan Ye have known, but also for many years the men in Liu Yikang official, so when recruiting followers, became the object of their attention. Them through various means to draw Fan Ye, Liu Yikang also demoted him because of the frequency Xuancheng apologize Italy. Initially, Fan Ye do not agree to participate, the court refused to marry each other regarding the use of shock. Considering their situation, Fan Ye finally join them. They agreed in September uprising the following year, Liu Yikang followers Kong Hee brothers prior written first official call to arms, and to Fan Ye in the drafting of a coup in the name of Liu Yikang declaration. For various reasons, the coup could not be held as scheduled. November that year, one of the members, Xu Zhan Liu Yikang the informant to the Emperor Wen and Fan Ye is alleged coup mastermind. Thus, Fan Ye was arrested two years in December at Yuan Jia (AD 466 in January) were killed, when he was 40-year-old. Fan Ye in the provisional sentence before, still stick to their atheism advocate for those who believe in Buddhism and his colleagues conducted a trial balloon to go down without compromising the resistance. He said: "There is absolutely no Buddha ghost. If Ling, since when the phase reported." Prison, Fan Ye wrote an article "and various nephews book," summed up his literature, history, music, calligraphy of experience. About to leave behind in the occasion, he hoped in the future to have a bosom friend, to understand "the Book" value. He spent his life history written in blood very own book that they are "fine Italian dark purpose" is not ancient times been a "large body of thinking spirit" of the works, which all order and of praise, it is "the world The Church as ", and Ban Gu's" Han "compared to no sense of shame. He said that many of your old cheap world today, so he was, "said Love obscurity" in order to raise awareness of "the Book" attention. Fan Ye boast Although some too, but his writings do have superhuman between. Liu Zhao said: "After the Chinese Fan Ye, Cheng Chung's Cross" ("Note added after the Han Chi sequence"), said Liu Zhi: "Fan Ye homage to the book, cut to the Han Code and watch it take, quite odd workers "(see" General History "and" do the book chapter "and" sidebar article "). According to "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi," recorded in the accounts prior to Fan Ye Han books of history books total generation of 10, eight hundred volumes. Ran Fan Book 1, all home, "Han" is increasingly depressed, scattered and lost gradually. In addition to Jin Yuan Hong was the "Later Han" preserved, the rest are non-existent. That said Ming Fan book fixing late, but come from behind. "Later Han" in the biographical part of the Note for the Gaozong Prince Li Xian. Phrase of the blog, note who is a Southern man Liu Chao Liang. Liu Chao-injection of the original including the full extent of the report and the Secretary Ma, Li Xian's attention is on this basis, the light of other additions and deletions made of the book. To mark the non-Fan Li Xian book, it does not note, Liu and Li note as Buque Note only be handed down. Qing Notes "the Book" book, of which one to Hui Dong a "sidebar" for the best. Public attention was synthesized Wang Xianqian collection "Annals" of the book, even after the school provides a great convenience. "Later Han", the Fan Ye's posthumous set of 15 volumes are still recorded a roll, "and the Hong party" roll, "miscellaneous ointment side" roll, (all see, "Sui Shu Jing Ji"). According to the "old Pluralism" records, Fan Ye also author of "100 rank second" volume. The above book, this simply can not exist. Today there are survivors, "Double-Crane poem sequence," one, see "art class together," Volume 90; "Le Tour Ying Zhao poem" one, see "Selected Works" volume 2.
Fan Ye was executed, his son Van Ai, fan Yao, Fan Uncle Lou also killed. Later generations, only son of van Loon, with Van Ai, because his mother was the daughter of the Princess, have full lives. The nephew of Fan Zhen, Fan Yun-known Yu Qi, Liang of the world. Fan Zhen Fan Ye inherited and perfected the idea of atheism, Fan Ye can not be completed before his death had been ghost-free theory of God was written off of Fan Zhen - This landmark in the history of Chinese thought materialism thesis - - filled.
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