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Guan Qi is able to phase into a tyrant, is only of knowledge of good and Baoshuya recommended inseparable. Guan his old age has been moved to say: "I Baoshuya business and obtain more financial benefit, he did not think I'm greedy; with Baoshuya look for a job, I do bad things, and he does not think that I am stupid; me three times to escape from the positions he does not I am timid and afraid of dying that; my official be expelled, he does not think that I am unworthy; my son correct defeated and imprisoned his assistant, shame, shame he did not think I ... .... Health and I are parents, I know who Martin son also! "
Guan Zhong's work, income, "Qi Mandarin language" and the "Han Dynasty History." "Tube" of 24 volumes, 85, kept 76 today, is highly Feng, including Road, name, home thinking of law as well as astronomy, public opinion, the economic and agricultural knowledge, where "weight" and other articles rare ancient books in the text for the economic, production, distribution, trade, consumption, finance, etc. are discussed, the study of agriculture and the economy of China Qin valuable information.
Guan Zhong's biography, set out in the "Records Management Anchor Biographies."
Life】 【
Guan Zhong - his assistant, the Duke established the dominance of a leading statesman in the Spring and Autumn Period. Office of the times he is Kaleidoscopic nations, each campaign endlessly. Was active in the Lower Yellow River Great State of Qi and Lu Zheng, Song, Wei; a small State-owned XING, then, Tan, Chi, Qi. Power was divided into two factions, one of Zheng, Qi and Lu, one group is Song, Wei. Small countries are affiliated to one side in every major country. The power of factions to Cheng, Qi and Lu as strong. As Zheng civil strife, gradually in decline, Qi will grow and grow, gradually became the dominant countries.
At this point, the border of the ethnic groups are also developed. Di north began to move south, to become a serious threat to countries in the Central Plains. Western Rong people are beginning to east, and Lu Rong Cao States often violated the country, another violation of the North Rong Zheng, Shan Rong Yan attack another country, another offensive Ilo of Rong Royal Court. The south of the Man are also eager to want to go north. National borders within the intrusion, and the week is inseparable from the decline of the royal family. In the early weeks of the Spring and Autumn King is also some authority, since the year of Duke Huan Lu (formerly 707) weeks of the war Ge Zheng Xu, King Huan of Zhou's shoulder was hit in the Dan Zhu Zheng, Wang Shi defeated. After weeks of the royal family on the depressed. Qi Xianggong four years (before 694) weeks of civil unrest in the royal family, Prince Zhuang killed the Duke of Zhou black shoulder.
Xi continued two years (before 675), the Royal Court of Wuhu country side Bo, Lu Father, Son birds, I wish the doctor crisis rebellion, after the by Zheng and Guo mediate only subsided. Zhou Hui Wang to repay Zheng Guo, Zheng will Hulao sent east, sent to Jiuquan Guo. Ji was getting smaller and smaller, Wilson also getting lower and lower. Bao Guan Zhong at the turn of the security of its head, also known as Yi Wu, also known as King Chung, Yingshang (Yingshang County, Anhui Province today) people. His ancestors were surnamed descendants, and Zhou royal clan. Qi's father is a doctor Guanzhuang, then consist in the failure to Guan Zhong was already very poor. To make a living, Guan done at that time that is humble businessman. He visited many places, contact with all kinds of people, seen many been around, and thus accumulated a wealth of social experience. He several times to officials, but without success. One good friend of Guan Zhong Bao Shuya, two deep friendship. They both do business together. Made a fortune in business, Guan always pay would give myself a smaller share to Baoshuya. The Baoshuya and Guan have never care about. This one sly, saying, Guan money, do not speak of friendship. Baoshuya for Guan Zhong explained that after that Guan is not not speak of friendship, only to seek money. He did it due to his poor family. Pay would give him money, which I reluctantly. Guan three times for fighting, but all three fled from the battle to come back. Therefore, people laugh at him, said Guan afraid to die, without sacrificing the spirit of the brave. Baoshuya hear that laugh after Guan Zhong know this does not accord the actual situation of people on to explain that, Guan afraid of death, as his home of her aged mother depended on him alone to support, so he had to do that. Guan Zhong Bao Shuya friendship with a very sincere, he repeatedly wanted to do some good Baoshuya, but are not accomplishing; Instead of accomplishing, will give Baoshuya create many new problems, might as well not run. So people have no work skills that Guan Zhong, Bao Shuya were not so, he knew that his friend Zhong is a very useful ability of the people. So things had been frustrated only because the opportunity is not mature Bale. In the long-term exchanges, both of whom have forged a profound friendship, Guan many times people have said: the parents with me, know I is Baoshuya.
Xi continued to fifteen years (formerly 662) civil unrest Lu, Lu Zhuanggong death, Lu Min public throne, and soon killed by Qing Fu, Lu Xi Public throne, celebrate the Father committed suicide. Unsettled in order to consolidate the throne, and at the fall of the Alliance Qi Kou, from Lu also stabilized. At this point, the Duke prestige cloth in the world and widely spread German princes. Further expand and consolidate his dominance. Laomashitu sickbed of the Central Plains States with just the chief and the gradual recognition of the status of Qi, Di and Shan Rong border minority people gradually developed. They have repeatedly violated its border, Ju-Bing, to a serious threat to countries in the Central Plains. Zhou Hui Wang 14 years (664 BC), the Shan Rong Bing Wan Qi opportunity system, attack the Yan State in an attempt to prevent the country through Qi Yan, Yan Zhuang public could not withstand, ran in the Duke. The Duke to focus on dealing with the southern state of Chu, did not want to support the State of Yan. But Guan that was infested side, south of Chu, north Shan Rong, Di west are the Central Plains and Southern scourge. To conquest Chu monarch, must attack Shanrong, north and stability to the conquest of the South can concentrate. Now Yan State was committed, but also help in our country, cutting the lead Ju-Bing Yi, will be able to get national support. However, the Duke of deep thought, then save Ju-Bing Yan. Shan Rong Wen Qi Normal Force troops approaching, the looting Disembarrassing away a lot of property. Combined with the Qi Bing YAN Jun 1, North out Jimen off chasing, not killing Shanrong soldiers escaped across. Shanrong leaders with remnants of a routed army fled Guzhu State (now in northwest Hebei Province). Jun Qi bang, Bing Wei Guzhu States, alone of the state of the Qi sent false surrender, offer Shanrong leader heads, falsely claimed had been abandoned orphans of the state of the duke fled to the desert country. Duke Huan of Qi dynasties will be the front, lead the army to catch up. Guzhu country will fall into the desert to lure the Qi, who is not prepared by himself away. At this point it was late, looking ahead, saw a vast Pingsha, wind volume, the cold pressing, before and after the team lost contact with the Qi. Duke could know what to do, who hastily Guan seek out the plan for getting rid of danger. Guan pondered a moment, then accompanied by soldiers beating gongs and drums to make the team heard this to set Zhunzha one, to suffer until dawn. Who knows, the day Despite the light, the desert is hot and abnormal, nor water, hard to distinguish the direction of the endless desert, anxiety, army officers and men. Guan seeing, who hastily suggested, the Duke: "I heard Laomashitu, Yan Ma come more from the Mobei, perhaps familiar with the place, King may wish to select a few old horse is released, perhaps we can see how see the way out." Qi Huan according to their statement, ordered to take a few old horse, put the first, the army followed, and she out of danger. Guzhu State monarch see Qi Yan Dajun lured into the desert, then Ju-Bing scored Wudi town, drove the defenders of the Yan-bing, hiding in the valley of the people also with the return to the city. Guan Seeing this situation, had a new inspiration to. He ordered several people posing as civilians and soldiers mixed with the city, the fire is to be held at midnight. Then, another three-pronged attack on the city's East Southwest 3 Wudi, leaving only the north gate to the enemy run away, to teach parents and Xi Peng Wang Zicheng rate ambushed a team of soldiers and horses outside the north gate. That night, suddenly saw fire from the city 45, the Qi to be cut open inside the gates, to enlarge the military troops and horses into the city. Guzhu State monarch Jianshibumiao to mobilize Duolu fled, went straight to the north gate. Who would have thought a pedestrian just out of the north gate; street suddenly ambush four, stopped the solitary of the state of the emperor and other several others. Armies killing and isolated among the confused army of the state of the monarch died. The Duke went out that support, solitary bamboo, the provision of land 500 years, Yan Zhuang full compensation to the public. Mo Qi Wei vassal fear, a sense of the virtue of Qi. When the rescue Yan, Lu also expressed support for sending troops, but troops did not move in accordance with the actual state of Lu. Which the Duke is very angry and want to send troops to punish Lu. Guan did not agree to do so, he persuaded the Duke: "Qi Lu is a close neighbor, can not send troops to a little small on impact bad. To Qi's reputation, we can take the initiative to improve bilateral relations. The levy Yansheng Li , Central Plains did not get some booty, it is better to give some of Lu, on display in Zhougongmiao years. "the Duke heard that makes sense, in favor of this view. Lu and down this big shock of the other countries reflect very well. Di at the northwest Central Plains people raise an army offensive, first strike Xing (now Hebei Xingtai), swollen with arrogance. As the overlord of the Duke, of course, can not be ignored. Guan Zhong is also very concerned about this issue, he told the Duke said: "Rong and Di temperament atrociously, greedy. Zhu Xia States are relatives to care for a state is difficult, we should help, not do-to ignore. To meet the status quo Happiness is very dangerous, Xing is the best way to save troops. "Duke could appreciate the idea of Guan Zhong, and sent to save Xing, Xing soon be saved. Soon they were out of Bing Gong Weiguo Di, Wei Yi Gong killed defending perish. Di man then chased the people to defend the country along the Yellow River. Song troops rescued 730 people defending the people. With a total, Teng two residents of a total of 5000 people eup. Eup in Cao (now Henan Hua County) Li Wei Dai public for the monarch. Just restore the defending, a very difficult position. The Duke, son of Guan Zhong sent without loss with 500 horses and 3000 Jiashi car to arm defending, Shou Rong Cao Yap. Gave Weijun bring riding vestments, brought his wife back to Wei Jun Jin car and silk. There are also three hundred sheep and chickens to pigs and dogs only. Also helping to build palaces. Xing has not yet resumed, Di man came back the second time looting. Xi continued to 18 years (before 659), the Di people attack Xing, the situation is very serious. The Duke and now co-Song Guan Zhong, Cao Xing save. When Qi, Song, Cao army arrived, Xing people see their loved ones, such as flock, Di were repulsed. Xing Di who was again looted. So the Duke and Guan with the Song, Cao two countries, helping Xing Yi Miriam moved to the capital (now Liaocheng southwest), where close to the Qi, is safer. To be broken mess Xing stability. Xing, Wei Di both been sacked, in the Duke, under the auspices of Guan Zhong, the country can be complex. At that time people have appreciated that: Xing people move into new capital, if they had returned home; restored Patriotic, people feel happy and forget the sorrow of national subjugation. Chu has been a power in the south. Since Xi continued to eleven years (before 666) Cheng started cutting has been prepared to go north. Xi continued to 18 years (before 659), Chu has sent troops to Zheng. The Duke and some princes together to save Zheng Zhong Chu resistance. As the attack continued Chu Cheng, the Duke and Guan about Lu, Song Chen, Wei Zheng, Xu, Cao coalition composed of eight countries, including the south, the first death-blow to Cai, directed the State of Chu. Chu situation in the army arrives, to send envoys Quwan out of negotiations. Qu Wan to see the Duke asked: "Do you live in the North Sea, we live in the South China Sea, separated in the years that nothing interferes with. This time you come to us, I do not know for what?" Guan Zhong body in the Duke next, after listening for the Duke replied: "Once Upon a week of public health called the king's command, had our ancestors grandfather said that the five pending 9 Bo, if not the law you can go to crusade. East to the sea, west to the river, south to the Mu Ling, the north to the non-attached, are within the scope of your crusade. Now, you do not pay tribute to the weeks of Wang's filter for ritual wine package Mao, in flagrant violation of Wang. There the king was Nanzheng, has not returned, this is not nothing to do with you. Xingshi we are here precisely in order to condemn you. "Qu Wan said:" there is no tribute package Mao years, is indeed our fault. As for Zhao Wangnan sign is not back in the Han River, Han-Pin find out you had to go better. "Duke could see the attitude of Chu to Quwan not soft not hard, they command armies in the border the stove (today Yancheng South) stationed down. North-South military Xiang Zhi, from spring to summer, has been half a year. Chu also sent Quwan and the Duke, Guan negotiations. Duke Huan of Qi Guan long no intention of fighting, just want to show the military action by the dominant power and prestige, scare Chu Bale. So they quickly agreed to negotiate with the Quwan, and reached an agreement to withdraw troops Shaoling (today Yan County). The Duke to show off strength, please Quwan army with him to see the military vehicles. The Duke, pointing army Qu Wan said: "The command of this army to fight, what kind of enemy can resist the terrible command of this army to attack from both sides Walled City, Walled City have captured no less than what it?" Quwan very quiet answered; "monarch, if you appease the world again with German princes, who would not obey? If just by force, then we can party Chu City Hill as the city, the Han River when the pool, the city so high, so pool deep, more of your soldiers, I am afraid of no avail. "strong hints, answers. To In such circumstances, the Duke agrees alliance with Chu. This South-North military confrontation on the decent end.
651 BC, the Zhou Hui Wang's death. The Duke in conjunction with the princes of the country his position as emperor, Prince Cheng, this is the King Xiang of Zhou. King Xiang of Zhou's reign, the Duke gave orders slaughter hole confer civil and military, Tong bow and arrow, road, in recognition of its success. Duke Huan of Qi Cai General Assembly to convene a result of dysfunction Hill (today Lankao, civil rights canton), by giving ceremony was held. By giving ceremony, Jae-hole please weeks Xiang Wang Zhiming, because the Duke old German high, do not give under the Bai Shou. The Duke want to hear from Wang Ming, Guan Jin made the sidelines: "The week of the king though modest, his ministers have to be disrespectful." So the Duke replied: "the emperor does not violate the Yen right close, white'm greedy Wang Ming, and Chen-level waste it? "he finished, the next stage saw the Duke Rush, Zaibaijishou, and then him jumped onto the subject to confer. Zhong Zhuhou Seeing this, all amazed Qijun of courtesy. Reaffirming also the good Lord Huan League set a new league. This is the history of the famous "Hill of the League Cai." This is the pinnacle of the Duke dominance. Thus, after nearly 30 years of painstaking efforts, the Duke Guan Zhong's adjuvant in the next, has presided over the three armed to the league, six Peace Alliance; also promoting a royal family, known to history as "nine co-princes, one Marina the world", the Duke become recognized as the overlord. Although the Duke Guan Zhong established dominance immortal feats, but modest. King Xiang of Zhou Zheng five years (before 647), the younger brother of King Xiang of Zhou Shu Rong people with collusion attack the capital, the royal family strife, is the crisis. The Duke sent Guan help quell civil unrest expedition. Guan Zhong well done, get the king appreciation week. King Xiang of Zhou in order to express respect for the supremacy of his courtiers, ready to spend Guan Zhong Qing ceremonial dinner for the celebration, but Guan Zhong did not accept. Finally, he accepted Bian Qing ritual treatment. King Xiang of Zhou seven years (BC 645), for the Duke dominance painstaking creation of Guan Zhong, is seriously ill, the Duke went to visit him and ask him who can accept phase. Guan Zhong said: "The emperor should be the most understanding of his courtiers of." Qihuangong For any Baoshuya, Guan said sincerely: "Bao Shuya is a gentleman, but he is too clear good and evil, see one of the evil, life did not forget, this is not to governance. "the Duke asked:" Yi Ya what? "Guan said:" Yi Ya To meet the requirements of the monarch at his own son cooking to please the monarch, not human, not for the phase. "the Duke asked:" Open side how? "Guan Zhong replied:" Wei Qian Cheng son evolution of the country abandoned the Prince to do the opportunity to Qu Feng Yu monarch for 15 years, his father's death did not go back and attend funerals, so unfeeling, not father and son friendship of people, how can be really loyal to the monarch? Moreover Qian Cheng is a human dream of a fief, the fief he abandoned Qian Cheng, condescension on the monarch, his mind will be too Qian Cheng asked of the seal. monarch should alienate such people, but not let the phase of the. "the Duke asked:" Yi Ya, evolution will not work, then the vertical Diao what? he would prefer self-mutilation to serve Gua Ren body limbs, such people will be cheating on me Is it? "Guan shook his head and said : "do not care of their body, is a violation of human feelings, so how can people truly loyal to you? Please be sure to alienate the three monarch, favor them, the state will be chaos." Guan saying this, see the Duke undaunted , tried to give him recommended honest man, always ask questions, home not forget business-Xi Peng, Xi Peng said that management of state government can help the monarch. Unfortunately, the Duke did not heed the words of Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong Yi Ya heard the Duke and the conversation will go to provoke Baoshuya, said Guan Qi State in the appointment of Baoshuya stop. Baoshuya laughed: "Guan Jian Xi Peng, on his bent for the Sajik ancestral consider, there exists no selfish preference for friends. Now I do Sikou, expulsion eloquent minister, Zhenghewoyi. If I were in power, where there will be your shelter Office ? "Yi Ya discussion of a knocked, and were close friends and Guan, Appreciating the deep, then walked away dejected. Guan Zhong soon died. Duke could not listen to the advice of him by Lai Guan, Yi Ya reuse of the other three, the results led to a great tragedy. Two years later, the Duke was seriously ill. Yi Ya, vertical Diao see the Duke had been dying, began to plug the palace, fake pass Junming, no one was allowed inside. There are two ladies who are not prepared by, jumped over the wall one palace, visit the Duke; Huan tears are hungry to obtain food. Maids Bian Ba Yi Ya, vertical random assignments, plug palace, the food supply situation can not be told the Duke. Huan Yangtianzhangtan, regret and said: "If the deceased had to know, what colors I see Zhong Fu?" When he finished, cover the face with sleeves, had starved to death. Duke Huan's death, the palace chaos, the Duke's son to fight for the throne some collusion of their own henchmen to kill each other, resulting in the Duke's body in bed 67 10 days no parking gathered, bodies rotting maggots, appalling. March next year, Duke led the princes to send soldiers to return Prince Zhao, Qi people have killed the son of rebellion without loss, Li Chao-King and Prince, that Qixiao Gong. After this civil strife, Qi's dominance began to decline. The rule has gradually moved to the Central Plains Jin. Guan Zhong's life, not only established a splendid history of meritorious service, left a return later named his masterpiece - "tube." The book records the country of his ideas, far-reaching impact on future generations. Guan Zhong was a thinker, he advocated the rule of law. The whole country, something must be law-abiding, punishment and reward achievements and errors of law must act. He believes that governance is good or bad, there is the ability to rule by law. Guan Zhong attaches great importance to economic development, he believes that "really makes me know Depository etiquette, food and clothing enough to think of honor." Is the country's stability and instability, law-abiding and not law-abiding people, and economic development very closely. Guan Zhong, many valuable ideas in place, if he claims to respect public opinion, he said, "Soon the people-oriented," "Mood of government, the people in Hue; affairs of the abolition of the people at the counter." Guan thought a great impact on future generations . Of course, Guan Zhong is the Spring and Autumn Period historical figure, he also has historical limitations. The case of the Duke established dominance and increased the burden on the people, mainly in the reform on behalf of the interests of the ruling class.
Sonnō jōi
Respect: respect. Busy movement, exclusion, resist. This allusion is intended to be enshrined in the Lord Zhou Wang for the Central Plains, against northern nomadic. Later became the face of alien invasion, forming a synonym for the national united front.
The Duke came to power, the Guan Zhong adjuvant, and after the domestic, economic, military and other aspects of reform, with a solid material foundation and military power, played a timely manner, "Sonnō jōi" banner, to princes as long, relying on refuses to accept the emperor to cutting.
Duke could be implemented "Sonnō jōi" policy, its dominance is more legitimate and reasonable, while protecting the economic and cultural development of the Central Plains. The survival of Chinese civilization has made a great contribution.
Guan Zhong's Military System Reform
The principle is "for internal affairs and sent military orders", which measures the "Participation of their country and their disdain Wu", which reads: the country is divided into 21 townships, six industrial and commercial town, village 15 persons. Business town do not engage in combat, fighting the persons actually engaged in township 15. 5 is a handsome village, one million people. By the Qijun was in the military, two on the rate of five townships of State about the military, for the three services, is the "participation of their country." A village with 10 companies, four in a row, one in ten tracks, one track with five, five for the track, this is the "Wu the vulgar." Orbit 5, because of the ages with the Home Office, because the same interest in good and bad fortune, therefore, "the Code with the solid, warfare, with the strong." (See the "Mandarin Qi Yu").
It's a combination of social and military combat system, also made preparations for large-scale war later.
Guan Zhong's economic policies
Guan Qi's economic policies with the "people then AIDS, and no money" ("Qi Mandarin language"), his approach but "the severity of the benefits of salt fish, Take Shansi poverty" ("Historical Records Qitai Gong Family") . Or the words "through the severity of the right, go around the mountain and sea trade" ("Historical Records stabilization book"), and "currency Save money, Enriching" ("Records Management Yan Biography").
"The severity of the benefits of salt fish" and "go around the mountain and sea trade," whether it is sold in the Han Dynasty official beginning of salt, we are no material credit. Tube made the record book: Guan opposed to the "tree", "domestic animals" and the population of taxation, and advocated "the only official Shanhai to be also", "Mountain and Sea" is the iron and salt ("tube Sea King"). If this record is credible, then in Guan has been in place when the economic policy of the rule of salt.
Guan Zhong introduced food, "quasi-level" policy, that "more than the light of the people, enemies Jun Lianzhi to light; less than the weight of the people, enemies of the monarch to loose weight, any weight to the time of convergence, the quasi- Ping. ... ... not by big wealthy Jia seizing My People carry on "(" Han Food and Money, "below). This "quasi-flat" system, not only a balanced policy on grain prices and, indirectly acknowledged the sale of grain farmers the right to freedom and freedom of the legitimacy of private fields, and also to protect the private field of agricultural production and profit. This economic policy has economic dimensions of authoritarian monarch.
Zhong Guo Zhi Cry Valley
Guan Zhong (? - Before 645) Renqi Guo-phase state, the implementation of a series of effective measures to Qi growing up. Qi Guojun master the Duke was elected as the chief and the princes. Shan Rong Qi nation has sent troops north to attack and Qi Guoli Yan Union countries in an attempt to weaken the power of Qi. Yan Guojun played Lord personally led 20,000 soldiers, but in a place called Cry in the Shanrong Valley tribal leaders that support States Lu secret ambush, only to escape more than a thousand people. Then, Shan Rong even pull a three-city, anxious to send envoys to the country Yan Qi for help. Thus, the Duke commanded 50,000 troops to open to the Yan State.
Zhao Chuan Wang Zicheng father and then driving away token.
The next day at dawn, a combat vehicles drove to the Valley Cry. The horse's mouth is mesh cage was occupied; chariot wheels tied with bark, small voice; chariot officers and men of the armored grip standing Ge, extraordinarily tall; Qi of the banners in the issued under the valley wind blowing, "Raining Cats and" sound.
At this time, Shan Rong Lu dense head that sticks the country holding the "order" character of small yellow flag, Cry valley in the hills, see the Qi into the ambush of his circle, on a small yellow flag waved, shouting: "Beating ! "suddenly feeling, arrow, stone, wood pronged, some hit the Qi men, some to dilute Palestinian bad car wrecked, and some of" Qi "word banner interrupted.
Dense wave mace Lu, shuaibing washed from the hills to down. Lu rushed to a dense body in the chariot of the number of arrows stand still stays on the front of Qi, Qi will hold up the head of this mace ruthless hit a stick. "Dong" sound, the Qi will be smashed helmet. A closer look, the original was destroyed helmet is the tree stump dressed Yi Jia. Lu know in the total density was stunned.
At this point, the drum loudly. Dense LU heard this back, I saw the father and Zhao Qi Guoxiao will Wangzi Cheng Chuan shuaibing headed straight over. Dense LU shouted, waving mace to meet her. He saw in the distance a tall man standing on the chariot, military operations in view, and concluded with the country is Qi Guan Zhong, the man on the Jing Zhichao sprang. The flutter of the Department, no one stand up to the Qi troops. A moment, close Guan Zhong Lu have arrived before. Just at that time soon, after the car dozens of arrows shot. Lu screams fell to the ground closely. He rushed into the hands of a general thrust, the secret Lu wounded dragged back, to the other tribes of Guzhu Shan Rong fled the country.
In this way, Guan Zhi Guo Cry Valley, solution of the Yan State of the Circuit.
Comment
Confucius praised Guan said: "Guan princes assisted the Duke to do the overlord of the world for a Marina. If not Guan Zhong, we will loose on the hair, left open skirt, as the Man of the people under the rule." That was a grain of truth.
Since the ratio in each Zhuge Liang Guan Zhong and Yue Guan Zhong history with Qi to Qi Guocheng to and Evolution of the first; Zhuge Liang of Shu, Liu Bei and Cao Cao to Sun Quan-third of the world. Both of them worked hard to spare no effort, and the most valuable .
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