| Township： | 浙江余杭 |
|
Read works of Ma Xulun at 历史大观 Read works of Ma Xulun at 小说之家 Read works of Ma Xulun at 百家争鸣 | |
Biography:
1902, Origin and Forms of support are written Sook graduated from Hangzhou, Shanghai was the "election reporting", "national essence of" editor, after teaching for a living.
Zi, etc. before the Revolution initiated by adding Southern Society. 1911 in Japan, in Tokyo, ZHANG introduced by the United League. After returning home in Zhejiang involved in organizing the militia in response to the Wuchang Uprising. ZHANG established in Shanghai after the help of "big Republican Daily", any editor.
In 1913, the civilian staff of the Beijing Medical College, and was invited to Peking University College of Teaching outside. 1913 winter, the restoration of the monarchy against the Yuan, the resignation of the south back to Shanghai.
Cai president of Peking University in 1917, invited him to employ any professor of philosophy at Beijing University.
During the Fourth Movement of 1919, above the middle school staff to the Beijing Federation President, to participate in the struggle against imperialism and feudalism.
Summer of 1922, as president of Zhejiang Province, established the first Normal School, Director of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department. Since then, the former Northern government, the Kuomintang government Minister of Education. Winter 1929, resigned the following year returned to Beijing to teach. 1932 candidates for the national crisis Council Members.
In January 1936 initiated a Beijing cultural Salvation Council, pushed for the President. Anti-Japanese War, due to Poverty and ill health, seclusion and Shanghai, alias ZOU Hua Sun, specializes in writing.
By the end of 1945 was launched in Shanghai, organized the Association, active in the patriotic democratic movement. June 1946, to participate in Shanghai's civil war, held public demonstrations, was elected as the Nationalist government petition to the Head of Mission, Shimonoseki Station in Nanjing brutality inflicted by agents. The end of 1947, to build the Association's Hong Kong, Kowloon Hong Kong branch, continue to engage in Chiang democracy movement.
So go to the CP in 1949 and Beijing to attend the Political Consultative Conference, CPPCC Standing Committee and was elected founding of the PRC; after him from 1949 to 1952 was the first minister of the Ministry of Education, from 1952 to 1954 was the first term of the PRC Ministry of Higher Education Minister.
Use of "Anthem," as the National Anthem was originally Ma Xulun recommendations.
Ma Xulun really about adding another new understanding of the academic through Chinese Alliance, details, refer to June 29, 2007's "Guangming Daily" "Origin and Forms of you to join over Alliance" article.
Major works:
1 Notes on ancient books of doubt move in 1918 for example printed volume (Volume 1 1905 Journal of Chinese Essence 1,2)
2. For example, the three make up school classics doubt the Republic of China 10 years recorded in the autumn edition has income instruments Changsha Ding social series "series of four ancient books of doubt for example," 1924 edition
3. Dunhuang Manuscript Fragment Classics Annotated printed volume of 1918 school language corrections
4, vol volumes Zhuangzi notes 14 1919
5, Zhuang Ziyi printed volume of 30 cards in five volumes of the Republic for eight three-volume printed volume of the Commercial Press, 1920 Appendix Volumes I and II (6) School Supplement, roll (of 36)
6, I Jingshan nuclear Gu four volumes in 1924 and Tract Society printed it in 1925
7, I Collation Ancient Books Publishing House in 1956, 1974, Zhonghua (17 million words)
8, Shuowenjiezi Commercial Press edition of Law in 1929 (re-issued in final form in 1928). 1933, 1988, China's Bookstore (1935 a)
9, the Chinese text of the construction method for printed volume of Jinan University, Shanghai in 1927
1O, mind reading Spring and Autumn Annals printed volume of Shanghai Commercial Press, 1931
11, Xixi Li Fan, Mr. pavilion ancestral copies recorded in 1932 (Origin and Forms of essays I Shao-Song)
12, Mr. Zhou Fengshan stone epitaph printed in 1932 (Huang Kan essays Ma Xulun book)
13, 1935, Xiangshan Ji Zigeng epitaph
14 Therefore, professor at Beijing University of Ryan Mr. Xu Shuji print stone monument in 1935 (possession of the Beijing Library Rare Books Room)
15, studying small business edition 1931 recorded revenue TIANMASHAN Housing Series (Volume Volume II)
16, recorded in 1939 continued to study Business Edition (Volume III, IV, V)
17, recorded five-volume study continued ([by] February 27, 1919 from the serial in the "Journal of Peking University") in 1986, China Bookstore (Juan Liu, seven)
18, six four-volume book, 1931 Solutions to cases of stone copies of the Commercial Press
19, six cases of Village Solutions Business Edition 1933
20. About Mr Shu Kee Business Edition 1935, reprinted 1935
21, Tianma room plexus was published in 1933 at their own expense
22, courtesy of Elite notes between the Republic of transcripts possessing the Beijing Library
23, virtual book Yin Qi Hui Shuo Wen Jie Zi compiled before seen by the script without the word in 1942 (possession of the Beijing Library)
24, Ma Xulun remarks set published in 1946, Shandong Xinhua Bookstore
25. I was six years old before (one from the book of life) life in Shanghai in July 1947 the first edition September edition bookstore in December 1983 Joint Publishing republication has another income in Taiwan Wen-hai Zhou Gucheng edited version "of the Republic series," Shanghai Edition
26th, 1948, Shanghai Shen stone house built over the text book [at] March 9, 1947 "Wen Wei Po" Ukiyo-e began serialized version of Shanghai Bookstore, 1984
27, continued Shen stone house built in 1949 Shanghai 1984 Shanghai Bookstore Book Store (80000 words)
28, stone house stone house continued Shen Yu Shen Shanxi Ancient Books Publishing House in 1996 horizontally the
29, Ma Xulun Academic Science Press, 1958 set
30, Origin of Chinese Characters Six Shu Zheng Science Press, 1957 (15) 1985 Shanghai Bookstore (8) (244 million words)
31, Zhuangzi chapter Predication world Longmen Shanghai Joint Publishing, 1958 (70 003 thousand words)
32. Read gold engraved words Zhonghua 1962
33. Ma Xulun ink anthology in 1964 People's Fine Arts Publishing House
34, Ma Xulun calligraphy election in 1985 the people of Fine Arts Publishing House
35, Mr. Ma Xulun law books Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Press, 1989 Selection
36. Origin and Forms of Political Press Selected Works of Literature and History in April 1985 the first edition
37. Origin and Forms of Poetry, History and Information Publishing House election in March 1985 the first edition
38, added school record book in 1986, Beijing, China (Commercial Press, 1939) also Juanba ~ volume 15 due for publication, original deposit Beijing Library
39, Yu Shen Shanghai Bookstore 1991 stone house
40, stone continued Shen Shanxi Ancient Books Publishing House 1995
Ma Xulun and "Three Decoction"
Since ancient times, literary scholars often fates got tied with the cuisine. Traced a long tradition of Chinese food culture is part of a culture Bale. History, many celebrities such as Su, Li Yu, Yuan Mu, Cao Xueqin, etc., is not only good for food delicacies, have also written to food Dining collected into a recipe book or spread so far. Great thinker, great writer Lu Xun, the youth wrote, "Hom Jiansheng Notes", also referred to several kinds of dishes with relish. Mr. Ma Xulun have such a hobby. About Mr. Ma Xulun, the world over know as revolutionaries, philosophers, educators, also proficient in both Chinese classics, poetry, calligraphy, does not know he was a gourmet.
I have not seen Mr. Ma Lao, but with his descendants have had contact. Ma Yi word early, Zhejiang Hangzhou County (now Yuhang) people. Twentieth century, the fifties and has been appointed Minister of Higher Education and was elected National People's Congress Standing Committee, the Third Vice Chairman. Twentieth century, the sixties in bed due to illness, 197 deaths, at the age of 80-year-old. Sun Yat-sen to follow his youth, the old alliance members. Others, such as participation Nan, edit "quintessence of", "Great Republic Daily," and so on, is at the Shihlin Toshihiko. After the Republic of China, Zhejiang 民政厅厅长 than any other post office and had a philosophy professor at Beijing University, about Taoist philosophy of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and the communication of various homes, with the "Zhuangzi Yi card" and so on. Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor in 1916, Ma left big anger away, and sometimes there are "resigned professor" reputation. Twentieth century, he campaigned against the dictatorship 40 years, organizing the Foundation, cause hate the Kuomintang regime, which was in Nanjing Shimonoseki station agents beating, 1:00 waves in the country; Zhou Enlai, who went to the hospital was sympathy. Mao Ma moral article also quite respected, into the post-Beijing had personally visits to the founding of New China in person designated Ma and Guo, Mao Dun, Fan Wen-lan Deng Qiren Reform Commission, composed of Chinese characters. I have seen a photograph, it is New Year's Day banquet in 1953, Ma had to sit shoulder to shoulder with Chairman Mao Zedong; said that all up and down stairs, Mao Zedong were arm in person, can be seen on the Origin and Forms of the high regard Mao Zedong.
As Ma's belief he goes for the society ", excluding life and death," but his interest but in many ways. From his early published two essays, "Yu Shen stone", "added Shen", and yet you can see he is a gourmet food Dining actually good governance.
Older generation of people listen to talk of the twentieth century the twenties and thirties the old Beijing restaurant recipe, there are three important that the meals at the time celebrity name: Mr. Zhao meat, tofu Zhang, Ma soup. Of which, "Mr. Ma Tang" shall be created by Mr. Ma Xulun. At that time Beijing Zhongshan Park Biyou cafe for tea on Gathering between celebrities. Ma, where's Sichuan and Guizhou frequented by U.S. director Xuan, see where the food burned well, but only Tom is not good enough, then has his own record of "three Decoction" method of making informed cook. Long after the US-Xuan generic name "Ma Tang", who were all praise to this taste, this soup will be long after the United States and a major feature of Hin.
What is the "three white broth?" 3 white, that is, Chinese cabbage, bamboo shoots, tofu also. Because things are all white, hence the name. Material appears to be simple, but very complicated way. Ingredients to choose only the best, but also accompanied by more than 20 kinds of condiments such as Brassica juncea. After firing this soup taste very delicious. Ma in the "stone over Shen," said: "... ... This soup juice things without taking into account 20, and may, when things change, but plants were to be products ... ..." It seems to compound the most important plants were , others can still "neutral", provided that such essential too.
From the faithful to serve the country to participate in the democratic revolution
Yang is a relatively new book Sook, with Chinese literature, history, anecdotes, geography, mathematics, English and other classes. For geography, mathematics, English and other classes, he always out of tune, learning does not enter; but Chinese literature, history, anecdotes and other classes, he is handy, always among the best in academic achievement. Week examination, admitted to seven consecutive first. Within six months, moving up two classes. A year later was promoted to special classes to students. At that time he thought: his "official family finally grew up in, young know the prime minister Wen Tianxiang was a champion, loyal people who serve the country very envious of him, so would like the champion, the prime minister", ⑵ celebrity history. But this idea was soon dispelled by the revolutionary tide.
Boxer Rebellion broke out in 1900. Power Allied Forces invaded, the Empress Dowager, buttressed by the emperor escaped from Beijing. Day. Chen Kai-shek from the teacher that he heard this unexpected news, "if the sky was pressure from the head down," can not help crying. The teacher was quiet, until he is crying too sad, just kindly said to him: "Do not cry, you go back, I slowly tell you understand." Hanlin Chen was born teacher, is The distinguished historian, he usually good at inspiring induced by the method. After that day, and talked with him not only in the history lessons to the students about some of the Five Dynasties and the Song and Ming Dynasties updating the history of subjugation. After listening to this, his heart seemed brightened more. Then, teachers are introduced him to read Chen Wang Fu-chih's "yellow book", xi of the "Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu" and "Ming book of anecdotes compiled" in the "Diary of Yangzhou 10" and " Jiading massacre in mind "and banned. Get these books, he avidly read the day and night. These essays and historical facts, it aroused his indignation, to dispel the "loyal patriotic" and confused thinking.
Chen then teachers are pointing that he read some books of translation progress in Western Europe, the first read is Yan Fu translated Darwin's "theory of evolution." When read "natural selection, survival of the fittest" theory, he was in his eyes there was a very fresh state.
He went back to the French Enlightenment thinker Montesquieu bourgeois "law intended." "Law" against the feudal autocracy, author and advocate of legislative, judicial, and executive power of the bourgeois democratic republic.
Later, he read Rousseau in France, "some of the people." This book sets forth the natural rights and equal freedom theory. Demonstrates the country's sovereignty belongs to the people's point of view, known as the European bourgeois revolution, the "Gospel."
He devoured the, thinking, and he seems to discover the New World, when ye have found to save the nation the truth, unwittingly and simply overthrow the Qing government to establish a democratic state can not. He began looking for like-minded revolutionaries.
The students, he put special class students in Seoul and Tom, Du Shizhen cited as comrades, and thanks to the handle. The three of them began to organize students to do the work.
They served as teachers prepare class students, the young students to study. Them to the Prime Minister (President) a letter, to create the gymnastics, the sports equipment, active sports life.
They get a scholarship with personal purchase of books, newspapers, and has established a small library building, called "happy library building", to provide students a place to read.
They also organized a variety of current affairs lectures, debates new knowledge to carry out various social activities.
Yang Sook, 1901 is the book to Hangzhou prefectural school, he and Tom, Du They will graduate next year summer. The school has been slated to send three of them went to Japan to study after graduation. They also went to Japan to learn the Army agreed with each other in order to return with revolution. But just two months before graduation, the school where a student protests took place, he and Du Shizhen into the volume.
What happened was this:
There is a learning school, guan'er little power and prestige are not usually small, the eyebrows back to the students. One night, three students and the school is a table to eat. They should not have to learn are looked down on while eating, and talk to, learn positive they glare, they recognize something and continue to talk and laugh loudly. This way, science is losing her temper: "Food does not say, sleep is not made ', husband Gentleman too. You know it?"
"We do not know. Hee, hee!"
So school is outraged, rage away. Students are concerned for these three individuals. Sure enough, not long before, in the supervision of school (after school support to school principals are) sit four Dajiao, rushed into the gate, immediately in the "gentlemen's Church" in school divisions convene students, the students said the incident should be expelled from three schools.
Ma Xulun and several special classes students anxious, immediately invited the chief teacher to save Chen Kai-shek, Chen teachers not decline, breath ran into the office. Authority took the red crayon is to write dismissal notice, Professor Chen could not wait shouted: "Can not! Can not!"
"The supervision of its own trade-offs, the instructors Wu De intervention!"
"Well, then I quit!"
Heard of the resignation of chief teacher, students packed a stir: "Professor Chen to resign, and we all go!"
Students that we will face Couchu money to rent an apartment as a temporary place to live, and some special classes push students to write three submissions to the Constitution (the governor, lieutenant governor, provincial judge) complaint. The next day morning, we row a gift to the memorial tablets of Confucius, on one after another left the school to show pull off. Things become significant. School practices on the use of differentiation, stabilized most students stay in school. Special spot in the six school students, in addition to Tom Hill and the illness did not participate in student protests, are in trouble because of the lead, was expelled from school.
After being expelled from school, to Japan to study plans dashed. To make a living, Ma Xulun ran newspaper editor in Shanghai.
At that time, Shanghai is the focus on reform and revolution are two competing thoughts place, various publications flourished. He was on the ground, was refreshing. He has helped Jiang Guanyun'Thought Edit "select report", to help Zhao Zude Office "World Journal" any editor. Later, he and Wen Huang night to do "national essence of" invited ZHANG, Liu Yazi, Chen Pei Ren, pei, who wrote the article. This publication advocating national democratic revolution, want to find anti-Chinese cultural heritage, anti-imperialist weapon. After publication, actually prevailed. In the continuous cultivation of revolutionary thought, he raised consciousness, but also strengthened the revolutionary fighting.
West Lake Marina where he once sang loudly: "blow over Lake (Harmony" Man Hu "sound) misty rain break, someone's toast the world to see." Married at the age of 20, he wrote a couplet, hung in front of new house . The Alliance is "Big rafter independent drum," the second line is "I expose freedom flag." Lofty sentiments and aspirations, boasted loudly.
After marriage, he was in Hangzhou, country, Zhuji teachers and other places for two years, spread revolutionary ideas. 1906 in the second half, he should be invited by the teacher Chen Kai-shek, to Guangzhou, Guangdong, Guangxi Normal School has taught library and dialects. Dialect school students, many of League members, he and students, not only a good teacher-student relationship, and have a common revolutionary ideals. He was a "liability in a military scholar," and self-motivation. Free time after school, they practice martial arts, riding. Soon, he could not rein foot stirrups, let go and let the horse gallop.
In 1908, the Qing court promulgated the Conference Board charter. The following year l0 months, provincial Advisory Council meeting, Chen Kai-shek was elected speaker of the Conference Board of Zhejiang Province. Ma Xulun be invited Professor Chen, resigned from school teaching dialect, back to work in Hangzhou. _ 2 in Hangzhou Normal School to teach in the "Zhejiang Daily" as an editorial writer, the Conference Board and also a job. Through teaching and newspapers to disseminate revolutionary ideas, and advocate nationalism and civil rights doctrine, against Qing rule and monarchy. 19l0, he participated by Liu Yazi, Chen Pei Ren, GAO and other Southern Society initiated.
The rapid development of the revolutionary situation in the summer of l9l1, he came to Japan met ZHANG, to discuss the revolutionary strategy. The chapter, joined the League. Back to Hangzhou, it was immediately put into the defense of the people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, Shanghai and Hangzhou-Ningbo railway interests which gave rise to the patriotic movement protecting road.
Wuchang Uprising, the roar of cannons, flared up around the revolutionaries launched an attack. He immediately gotten Chen Kai-shek agreed to the Speaker, invited by the Conference Board of the Chamber of Gentleman co-sponsoring organizations and the community militia. Council set up the militia, pushing Tang Shou, Chen Kai-shek sub chief, assistant manager. The surface is to maintain law and order, are actually prepared to respond to the uprising. He and Tom Hill, and, floor, three were light as the City Code Guard, and contact forces, ready to launch the uprising.
To the lunar day and night on September 13, marked the Department of Manpower Zhou Cheng Tan successful uprising, surrounded the governor's mansion and the capture of the governor by Yun. The next day got up early, Origin and Forms of the Consultative Council to discuss the aftermath, decided by Chen Kai-shek, Shen Jun-ru, Chu Fu-shing and his four signature, electronic invitation Tang Shou military governor in Hangzhou on the job, then the composition of Military Government, appointed by the Home Secretary Chu Fu-shing. Shen Junru Secretary for Education, Hong-Financial Secretary, he was appointed as Military Government Secretary.
Translated by Google