明代  (1587 AD～1661 AD)

 the Eclectics, a school of thoughts flourishing in ancient China： 《天工开物》 Read works of Song Yingxing at 百家争鸣

　　Word Venus, on instructions from County Song Town, village archway. Gifted scientists. Wanli 40 years (AD 1615) he was 28 years old, he was sitting the Exams. But after five to Beijing will test failed. Five distances, knowledge greatly increased, he said: "To square miles in what has not heard any thing." He was in the field, workshop production of knowledge of many investigations. He disdained those who know the "flavor forgetting its source" and "Wan Ku children" and "the scholar in the home." Fenyi County in Jiangxi Province as a didactic (1654 ~ 1638) written between the "Heavenly Creations." In his "Preface" in describing this situation, said: "The poor are also hurt zai! Wants to buy odd research, funded under the Los beg, To invite my colleagues in the business a little pseudo-true, but lack the Museum by Chen." (To be verified The money, would like to discuss the authenticity of the same people without venues), only "cooking light (stand by) grass", day and night writing a book, but "the great cause of civilian, abandoned throwing desk, book in progress irrelevant fame." Chongzhen seven years (AD 1634) as didactic Jiangxi Fenyi County (county school instructors). During this period, he put his accumulated knowledge of production technology, and sum up order, compiled a "Heavenly Creations", which in Chongzhen decade (year 1637) general circulation. Later, he served as Tingzhou (now Changting County) pushed officers, Bozhou (Bozhou in Anhui Province today) prefect Shunzhi about Qing period (around 1661 AD) died. Song should be realistic about star life science, against the elite despise the attitude of the production. He had a deep sympathy for working people, on the official press people were deeply unhappy.
　　Most of our physical knowledge of ancient technical process of decentralization is reflected in the books, the "Heavenly Creations" in the same. If the mention of water tools (cylinder car, water beach, windmill), rudder, filling steel, clay casting kettle, lost wax casting, method of excluding coal gas, salt well in the smoke halogen device (pump), melting, extraction, etc. There are many in the mechanical, thermal and other physical knowledge. In addition, in "On Air", the song should sing expounded the reasons for and the sound waves, he also pointed out that the Sun is also changing, "today's date to the day yesterday, disregard the changing circumstances of justice" ("talk").
　　His books have valuable historical and scientific value. As in "hardware" volume, the song should be the world's first satellite is a scientific exposition of zinc and zinc alloy (brass) scientists. He clearly pointed out that zinc is a new metal, and the first documented its smelting method. This is the history of metal smelting in ancient China one of the major achievements. To China for a long period of time can become the world's only large-scale zinc country. Song should be documented Star zinc metal instead of zinc compounds (calamine) method of refining copper is used in human history, two metals copper and zinc obtained directly melt the earliest record of brass.
　　In particular, the song should sing attention from the general phenomenon found in nature, in the natural sciences have made some achievements in theory.
　　First, in biology, in his "Heavenly Creations" in the records of farmers cultivating rice, barley variety of examples to study the soil, climate and cultivation methods on the impact of changes in crop varieties, but also noted that different varieties of japonica hybrid variation caused by the situation, explain the efforts by people, can change the characteristics of plant and animal species, showed that "the earth clock calendar time-specific, soil and sub-species increases as" scientific view, the ancient Chinese scientists on the understanding of ecological variation a step forward for artificial breeding new varieties proposed theoretical basis.
　　In physics, the newly discovered Lost the "sound of air gas," chapter is the chapter discusses the outstanding acoustics. Song should sing a variety of sound through the specific analysis to study the occurrence and propagation of sound, and put forward the concept of sound is the air waves.
　　Star Song should be published "Heavenly Creations", the government also pushed former Tingzhou Officer (1638), Bozhou prefect (1643). Fall of the Ming in 1644, he resigned hide their hometowns. Because of his anti-ideological, "Si Ku Quan Shu" no income of his "Heavenly Creations", but in Japan, Europe, widespread, was translated into Japanese, French, English, German, Italian, Russian, 3 100 years at home and abroad have issued 16 edition (1637 ~ 1977), which on the ink, the system of copper, sericulture, bamboo paper, zinc smelting, agriculture processing, etc., are both on the Western impact, represent the the technological level of China's Ming Dynasty.
　　Song Qing Ying Xing died Shunzhi years, some at the age of 80.