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Wang Yucheng poems are well known. Fuss mimic Han Yu, the artistic achievement of his classical classical writers in the early Song Dynasty promoted the most prominent. Poetry is learning Bai, is the Song "white body" poet (learning style of the poet Po Chu) in one of the highest achievements. Wang Yucheng also begun to pay attention and learn Fu, art, and therefore increased. He avoided to some extent "white body," the contents of the common shallow poetry, language, customs and other superficial defects, while police pursue deep content, language and concise, so although he is a "white body" Poetry's rising star, he was when people read for this school giant.
[Poem of the three schools of the early Northern Song Dynasty]
Bai later poems, in the light of the language reveals a kind of grace and relaxed mood, white body advocating the early Northern Song Dynasty
Poet, is also often the case. If worship twice with the Li Fang is an example, he used the technique of writing random chat,
Anxious depressed state of mind to write no. And Xu Xuan situation is not so. He is hard to achieve a calm and escape suffering
Nausea, heart actually frustrated and gloomy, this state of mind is always sad when in some Chujing revealed. Furthermore, Xu
Hyun is also a philologist and phonological scientists, both reasons, so that his writing style Elegant smooth white body
Georgia Psalms, the Law on the sound, the choice of words and images, are more stress, which in the example cited earlier is body
'll Be there. Five-character poem some more refined sketch a delicate side, such as "people places, and Ming Temple" in the "small deep pan sound
Hospitals, Dengying circumventing high room "," temporary stone steps to Hong Kong "in" small scale wind waves travel, sticky moss stone circle, "" Send a cousin of the constitution and said that two
Younger brother "of" blowing off clouds late surprise, Autumn Moon isolated city "and verse, are added to the natural Qianjin refined temper the power and
And showing a quiet force in the mood, again with the characteristics of Chia Tao Poetry.
Poetry in Song's poem beginner Bai people, the most important and non-white body of the tie, to write its own characteristics that
Wang Yucheng.
Wang Yucheng (954-1001) character of, Juye (now part of Shandong Province) who Taizong Taipingxingguo eight (983)
Scholars, served as Imperial Academy, a third term Zhizhi Gao, another three by the Elimination of the loud speaker, old age was the Huangzhou local officials, so called
"Wang Huangzhou."
He is upright and honest scholar and cherished from the Confucian tradition of social responsibility and political ethics, dare to say that
Words. He claimed to "wear off talent and sword, to be blunt tree flag" ("Exile sense of things"), has been denounced in the third to Huangzhou
Time, or very convinced to send poetry to the people in power said: "The river is not willing to be buried inside the fish, dare step please charge" ("the Code
Huangzhou the Academia Historica xianggongzhuang "). The "Xiao Xu set."
For scholar and social responsibility and moral conscience, In Addition to write some poems reflect the sufferings of the people. As
Expostulation he made in Beijing either "on snow", no official from the winter snow, a reunion drink a pen, write their own so
But think of "lose harness for remote district" and "Shuo people" and "He Ge Yu Hu Ji" and "frontier soldiers", in this severe cold weather
How is the hard, and finally comes down to self-blame: himself as Expostulation, but not fully responsible, this is really "deep common people
Worm-eaten. "When state officials and businessmen have banished the book" a sense of exile, "describes a result of Han Huang Chang-an exile from the poor to Shangzhou
Difficult circumstances of others, also attributed to his official career the last ten years, doing nothing, but "lofty crown beetles Qian Shou", which
To not be due to the curse of exile. This framework is poetry in the late Bai has been seen before. But compared to Du Fu
And Po similar early poetry, we will feel the moving force of these poems are much worse. This is because: first,
Poet objects of their feelings of sympathy has not been as Du Fu, Bai did some excellent work in the deep-
Into the understanding of their image in the poem appears dry; second, the latter part attributed to their own poetry when, in self-condemnation
Displayed very strong self-confession means, in fact, this became the focus of poetry; Third, these poems are often in the arts
Some rough, expression, "meaning" of the desire to express emotion than the requirements of even more intense. Therefore, this type of poetry solid
However, there are so valuable, but its flaws are evident. The above characteristics, in the later Song has some general
Times of.
In Addition to truly reflect the poetry skills, or those depicting landscape scenes, to express the inner feelings of the works
Such as the "Village Bank":
Horse trails through the beginning of Huang Ju, a lengthy letter Ma Xing-long field. Late Anaphalis myriad sound with a few peaks stand silent sun.棠梨 leaves were gone
Rouge color, buckwheat flowers snow Hong. Yin Yu suddenly what had melancholy? I like the original trees Bridge Village Township.
Another example is "Cold Food":
Mountain Cold Food in the business this year, mountain scenery is also poor. Children are picked butterfly on flowers, others swing by the tree line.郊原 Xiao Green
After early rain, overcast spring lanes smoking first. Fushi official leisure Mo melancholy, the drinks essays magnificent monument of money.
This is the second poem in Shangzhou, Wang Yucheng was the one hand, political frustration and sadness, but it is also often
Taoist philosophy to comfort themselves in nature to forget the fate of the unfortunate individuals. The former one of "several peaks stand silent Sunset"
1, to be one way to write the natural scenery, so with a lively interest, such an approach is not much in the Tang Dynasty, in the future
The Song Dynasty poems slowly grew, so noteworthy.
Second sentence of the poem's end, although the focus of different, but they are trying to play down the depression, but also has shown the rationale Song
Intellectual orientation. This is the second poem, written very Bai characteristics of poetry, language, shallow cut, leisurely narrative coherence, level of clear,
Not unexpected startling imagery, nor Sparkle Flashing performance, bright but not concentrated tired. Poems of the sentence, although neat
But quite naturally, people are friendly but not difficult. Wang Yucheng poetry is often so simple smooth, Promises, but rather
Delight's, like "first joined the Mountain News Tihu bird" and the "Shangzhou not no one environment, the way a wine village put" of "Write to the Piling Liu
Dr. "in" under the bank and find Kanroji, to benefit the city to ask spring ", etc., can cite many examples. In his "Feng home
And prior to the order "in the commends the" rule of words rather than Li, gas directly rather than circles, meaning not much mud "that Chiang Kai-shek peaceful, natural and smooth
Style, that is, the pursuit of his style.
On the other hand, Fu Wang Yucheng is also absorbed some characteristics of poetry. It is said, his son said that his poetry and Du similar
He enormous satisfaction, self-styled "with Lotte as the backward, the courage of children is the predecessor of the United States" ("pre-Xing Fu Murai Miscellaneous Poetry 2 ... ...
Self-congratulatory talk "), he said," Son US Poetic World "(" Day, Jane Chung-Cheng "), plus equipment on Du Fu respected.
Therefore, in Addition to the poem can often see traces of Du such as "Autumn is a new thing," one of three:
Lu Sha desolately cold smoke bamboo, fall into the guest laundry blowing unwarranted. Kam Sa in gray hair do, day in Beijing Guoxin sound thin side. Wind distinctly cicada
And branch ring, Swift poor poor treetop flying. Department of stagnation as companies Ling Ye, Xie go with the flow eastward.
Poetry writing are living in miserable feeling of loneliness and yearning of the capital, they reveal the political mood unwilling to sink. Not
But the content and Du Fu's poetry approximation, the kind of rigorous, open and close the structure changes, express in the rhyme, neat antithesis,
Feelings and set off each other, are similar and Du Fu. It is not as gloomy Du typical strong, magnificent weather.
The shallow cut than Shuaiyi, relieve smooth white body of poetry, it seems more closely changes in the structure, language, after more hammer
Refining. In fact, is cited in front of the "Village Bank" and "Cold Food", although no traces of Tu Fu school, "Autumn is a new thing"
So apparently, but it is also well-written and detailed but subtle twists and turns, not blindly flow slide. In addition, as Septasyllabic
"And then pan-Wujiang," "winter," Superb "apricot", "Spring Home Miscellaneous Xing" and so on, too. Therefore, He Qing
Couture said he was "optimistic despite study, however obtaining the clear, do not fall into the vulgar" ("Wine, Poetry Garden").
If you go into the personality aspects, then it can be said: Although the envy Bai Wang Yucheng's put up, but not learn Bai
The kind of leisurely late, always brush do not mind the distress; though respected man of Du Fu, Du Fu has also failed to learn the execution
Forward to working with passion, so the poetry is by violation of the between the two.
Northern Song dynasty, the white body is many people love the poetic style, but a lot of people because it is Qian Jin Yi, fluent
Smooth, so inevitably the lack of poetry written in doggerel-like flavor works. Ouyang Xiu had held "a fat wife, Lu, no grace and Officials
People ", for example, ridiculed VIPs" celestial music often Mu Bai, it was in its language more easily "(" 61 Poetry "), Xu
Hyun Bai and Wang Yucheng, while in the school and learn the other factors, form their own characteristics. In particular, Wang Yucheng, on
Culture of the Northern Song poetry generation, in many ways has turned significance.
[Northern Song Dynasty early word]
Word of this new literary genre, since the late Tang Dynasty, through the efforts of many scholars in the subject matter and language style,
Generally formed a certain pattern. During Li Yu Despite the breakthrough, but only a special case, the total appears to change little.
To the early Northern Song Dynasty, the word continues to be the supreme ruler of the literati, including love, is said to Taizong "Palace of the word love
Eleven verses, ... ... life term Elegance ten essays each explore the word "(" Xu Xiang mountain record "). However, the status of the word
Not be improved, it is still just a scholar in tarumae Hua Yong Origin occasion of a creative entertainment, not positive to
Social performance of their personality, sentiments, aspirations of literary form, art is also no breakthrough.
Word of the early Northern Song Dynasty are mostly poets, such as Wang Yucheng, Lang, Kou Zhun, money but play, Lin Bu and so the word is written for.
Perhaps their energies primarily on the poetry, the word for it left fewer. The word style, and often
Some approximation of each style of poetry. However, word play, such as money, but also the same as the Collected Poems Xikun gorgeous, focusing on the appearance of
Carvings, such as "Yu Louchun" to "Jin Zhu threshold sheath varied song, Lucy Zhuo Wen rhino and Fenlv. Not content with thick pink Tsui, Hsu fiber has been
Chi Fung places to stay, "wrote Hsinchu, really magnificent, but it is no charm. And Kou Zhun's" Tasha Hang ":
Spring will Lanna, Yingsheng getting old, Hongying shed all Ome small. Drawing together people quiet the Rain, Ping Shan ajar delicate fragrance. Secret treaty
Dark, from feeling Yao Yao, Linghua dust will be full of careless photo. Yi Lou silent For ecstasy, the sky dark with herb.
Structure is very delicate, line of sight from spring back to draw together the vision of the middle ground, then pulled dressing of close-range, then from
Tiao Yi Lou's Jimu long and opened to form a loop back and forth change, write in the melancholy Acacia depressed women.
Among these authors, can be said Addition to be a relatively open mind, his "point Jiangshouju lip" Although space small,
State is quite ambitious, is a word in the early Northern Song Dynasty masterpiece:
Hate the rain cloud worry, still called Southern Belle. Water Village fish market, a ray of Smoke fine. Sky Zheng Hong, a distance lines, such as identification suffix. Flat
Trouble, this time Ningdi, who lean on a railing Italy!
Write climb Pro distant horizon general, in order to bring out the last sentence of life wants to express emotion. And Lin Bu small word "phase
Think so, "is the language simple, the number of lives saved flavor of folk songs:
Wushan Qing, the more Shanqing, the two sides meet at Castle Peak relative, struggle with forbearance from the situation!
Jun tears, eyes tears, Romania with Love Knot nowhere, the river flows have been flat.
During this period, the creation of Song not yet entered the stage of prosperity. But it remains to note that Ji and
In bold type on the Nannvzhiqing warm, sometimes explicit expression, in the early Northern Song Dynasty poem could not see, and this
After all, reflects the contemporary culture of change.
[Northern Song Dynasty early prose and Creation]
Song as an emerging power highly centralized dynasty, the construction of a unified ideology it will not appear
May be less. This need is reflected in literature, the first essay in the most practical areas shown, so the early Northern Song Dynasty
Appeared in the revival of classical literary movement. But, here too there are two slight differences between the factions. Faction with Liu Kai, Mu repair
Represented, as a purely classical revival as a means of revival of Confucianism and Taoism, and the other in Addition to represent, although stress
"Tao" of high status, but for the "culture" still has importance.
Wang Yucheng's situation is different. At that time, a text called Zhang Fu of the scholar to carry 30 to ask him, he was reading
Feel "a loss of their sentence rare, however the microscopic ignorant of its meaning" and in "A Book Chang Fu" and "re A Chang Fu Shu" on the
One of the articles through their own views. He also stressed the relationship between culture and morality, but he proposed: "A good text, preaching and clear heart."
"Missionary" and "clear the heart" and the theory is actually not the Road as a purely external dogmatic ideology, but with their own
The pursuit of inner, personal temperament linked, so that the text of the application to open them than the willow widely advocated.
At the same time, he pointed out the text since it is mass moral state of mind, and should not be "difficult words are roundabout and also, are ignorant of the Austrian justice
Also ", but rather" to make sentence of EDAW, meaning the interchangeable character. "
Writing in prose, Wang Yucheng is also a useful attempt. Parallelism of the text of the hobby a long time for people to have
The intrinsic reason why the mechanical opposition to prose, the opposite of everything in writing, in fact, there would be no
Effect.
Therefore, his prose, he intends to absorb the Parallel neat and catchy, with the advantages of eloquence and beauty of form
Not only has a certain free-flowing rhythm of the music genre, such as "small bamboo house in mind Huangzhou new" so writes:
... ... Much to swallow Shan Kwong, Ping Yijiang Seto, quiet Qu Liao Factories, not a shape. Summer should pelting rain, a waterfall sound; winter snow should close,
There Sui Yu Sheng; Yi Gu Qin, Qin stressed virtual Cheong; Yi Wing-sie, rhyme absolutely clear; should go, son of Tintin natural sound; should cast pot, vector
Sound clank course, all of the bamboo house also help.
This section of text is also scattered parallel, syllable harmony and variations, with smooth flowing of the wind. Rational in that text
In Addition to advocate as a "preacher and clear the heart", not only is "Tao" is inherent in the Confucian doctrine to teach,
But set "Road" while the performance of their own likes and dislikes inner joy, anger, and so is not so boring. As
"Once the leak hospital in mind," To illustrate the safety of the world hinges on the moral cultivation of the prime minister, political opinion, the two prime ministers in the leakage of Hospitals
Waiting when court was a completely different mind, with a corresponding alignment before and after sentence to describe, write "Xian Xiang" and "Jian Xiang"
Image, although inevitably simplistic, but it does express the political concept of (Road) and personal likes and dislikes (heart), the
To the number of infected people are still capable. Reasoning, regardless of the text or narrative, usually to avoid uncommon Addition to obscure the words,
Elegant pen appears smooth, the features cited in the preceding section of text can be seen, cite "recorded in the Sea Books"
An example:
Yuan Lei farmhouse, clear and concrete, there is also a small office and land cultivation. Back and Yan have exposed those who have Zhuozu sitting there fishing men subnet
Was probably the person, a woman who pick herbs, Hee Hee Ran almost non human world, can and have.
Article is described by the ideal social model rumors, style rather type in the Tao of "Peach Blossom Spring." As Ye Shi
"Then learn to remember words," said Wang Yucheng's prose as "a simple but elegant ancient light" long.
About Liu Kai, Mu Wang Yucheng repair and the impact on the later prose, there is an interesting phenomenon: the actual creation, the
The prose was mainly along the direction of Wang Yucheng; his concept of the article not only to performance but also has the lyric
Characteristics, and the parallel into the bulk of the Qing Xiao smooth rhythm of the text but with style, in Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and essayist
There have been inherited, and thus formed in Tang Dynasty and the Song of different schools. However, in theory, and their descendants seem to
Little mention of his role and influence, yet Liu Kai, Mu repair status to a high level, the respect for the reform and open-style Song
Mountain People. Such as Fan Chung-yen, "Yin Lu of Henan Normal Preface" In discussing the style is weak after the Five Dynasties, said: "Liu Chung-Tu from the colors of,
Bang rate from Yan Jun, Chung-painted door one can probe Road in the text by the teacher in the world who grew. "Shaobo warm" smell op record, "also said:
"The Korean classics, Liu Kaizhong Tu, Mu Xiubo whom advocate a long first." This is because: in Song prose literature in particular, the Road
Literature system with overwhelming force, and Liu Kai, Mu Though lacking the creative achievements of repair, not even a writer,
But they regard "Tao" in Addition to advocate a much less vigorous. Future generations of writers in the back of its literary origins, the first
First not from the prose art, but from the "Tao" go find a link to the meaning of Han Yu, Liu and his Chinese
Introduction link. Writing is often a complex phenomenon, and theories tend to be simplistic generalization, this is a repeated history of literature
Current situation.
(History of Chinese Literature, Pei Luo Yu, youth sweep school)
Translated by Google