xìng: | hóng | |||||||||
míng: | rén kūn | |||||||||
wǎngbǐhào: | tiān wáng | |||||||||
jíguàn: | guǎng dōng huā xiàn fú yuán shuǐ cūn | |||||||||
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dào guāng sān shí nián shí 'èr yuè chū shí( 1851 nián 1 yuè 11 rì) tā fā dòng jīn tián qǐ yì, jiàn guó hào tài píng tiān guó, zì chēng tiān wáng。 xián fēng sān nián dìng dū nán jīng, chēng tiān jīng。 bān bù《 tiān cháo tián mǔ zhì dù》, yòu fēn bīng xī zhēng、 běi fá( cān jiàn tài píng jūn běi fá、 tài píng jūn xī zhēng)。 xián fēng bā nián, yīn zhǎng wò jūn zhèng shí quán de dōng wáng yáng xiù qīng“ wēi quán bī jǐ”, suì mì zhào( yī shuō wú mì zhào) běi wáng wéi chāng huī shuài jūn fǎn jīng zhū yáng。 wéi yòu kuò dà shì tài, làn shā wú gū。
cì nián, shí dá kāi shòu cāi jì fù qì chū zǒu, tài píng tiān guó bīn wēi。
tài píng tiān guó chuàng lì jí fā zhǎn
1843 nián( dào guāng 'èr shí sān nián),
1844 nián,
1847 nián,
zǐ, luó xiào quán jù jué gěi tā shī xǐ。
1848 nián chūn tiān, bài shàng dì huì de lǐng dǎo rén zhī yī féng yún shān bèi dì fāng tuán liàn dài bǔ, sòng wǎng guǎng xī guì píng zhī xiàn yá mén qiú jìn。
1849 nián,
1850 nián 9 yuè chū,
1851 nián 1 yuè 11 rì,
1852 nián( xián fēng 'èr nián) 4 yuè 5 rì, tài píng jūn zì yǒng 'ān tū wéi, 5 yuè 19 rì lí kāi guǎng xī jìn rù hú nán shěng, 5 yuè tài píng jūn lù jīng quán zhōu shí, féng yún shān bèi qīng jūn pào huǒ jī zhōng, 6 yuè shāng zhòng sǐ wáng。 8 yuè 21 rì xiāo cháo guì、 shí dá kāi gōng cháng shā ( tài píng tiān guó dì yīcháng yìng zhàng ), 9 yuè 12 rì xiāo cháo guì zài gōng chéng shí zhàn sǐ。 tài píng jūn gōng cháng shā jìn sān gè yuè réng wèi néng chéng gōng, chè wéi běi shàng。
1853 nián 1 yuè tài píng jūn gōng kè wǔ chāng, rén shù zēng zhì wǔ shí wàn, 3 yuè gōng zhàn nán jīng, gǎi míng“ tiān jīng” bìng dìng dū zài cǐ, suí jí zhǎn kāi běi fá jí xī zhēng。
běi fá jūn suī rán yī dù jìn zhì tiān jīn fù jìn, yīn gū jūn shēn rù, zuì zhōng zài 1855 nián quán jūn fùmò。 xī zhēng jūn de jìn zhǎn bǐ jiào shùn lì, xiān hòu gōng xià 'ān qìng、 jiǔ jiāng、 wǔ chāng děng dì。
1854 nián xī zhēng jūn zài hú nán zāo yù xīn jiàn lì de xiāng jūn dǐ kàng, xiāng jūn fǎn gōng zhì jiǔ jiāng fù jìn。
1855 nián chū, yì wáng shí dá kāi dà pò xiāng jūn, fù xiàn wǔ chāng。
tài píng tiān guó qián qī, jūn zhèng dà shì yóu jūn shī fù zé,
yīn tài píng tiān guó shǒu yì fā shēng zài guǎng xī, gù yòu dà liàng zhuàng zú rén mín cān jiā liǎo tài píng tiān guó qǐ yì, xī wáng xiāo cháo guì, běi wáng wéi chāng huī, yì wáng shí dá kāi( tā de mǔ qīn shì zhuàng zú rén), běi fá zhù jiāng lín fèng xiáng、 lǐ kāi fāng děng děng, jiē wéi zhuàng zú rén。 tài píng tiān guó dì yī wèi liè shì、 hòu bèi zhuī fēng wéi gǔ wáng de lú liù yǐ jí hòu fēng de mù wáng tán shào guāng、 zàn wáng méng dé 'ēn jiē wéi zhuàng rén。 lú liù shì tài píng tiān guó qǐ yì qián de
tiān jīng shì biàn 1856 nián( xián fēng liù nián) 6 yuè, tài píng jūn gōng pò qīng jūn xiàng róng de jiāng nán dà yíng, jiě tiān jīng sān nián zhī wéi。 xiàng róng zài 8 yuè 9 rì sǐ hòu, qí sǐ xùn bù jiǔ biàn chuán rù tiān jīng, dōng wáng yáng xiù qīng jiàn dāng shí tài píng tiān guó xíng shì dà hǎo, lìng yòu tú móu, jiǎ zhuāng“ tiān fù xià fán” pò tiān wáng fēng tā wéi“ wàn suì”。
běi wáng wéi chāng huī zài zhè shí qǐng qiú tiān wáng zhū shā dōng wáng, tiān wáng bù kěn。 hòu lái chén chéng róng xiàng tiān wáng gào mì, wèi dōng wáng yòu shì jūn cuàn wèi zhī qǐ tú, tiān wáng mì zhào běi wáng、 yì wáng jí yàn wáng qín rì gāng chǎn chú dōng wáng。
wéi chāng huī zài 9 yuè 1 rì dào tiān jīng, yǔ qín rì gāng zài yè jiān rù chéng, 2 rì líng chén tū xí dōng wáng fǔ, yáng xiù qīng jí qí jiā rén bèi shā, dōng wáng bù shǔ、 tā men de jiā rén jí qí tā jūn mín gòng 2 wàn duō rén yì bèi shā, shǐ chēng“ tiān jīng shì biàn”。
yì wáng shí dá kāi dǐ dá tiān jīng hòu, zé bèi wéi chāng huī làn shā, èr rén bù huān 'ér sàn, shí dá kāi dāng yè táo chū chéng wài, wéi chāng huī qí hòu jìn shā yì wáng fǔ zhōng jiā shǔ。
shí dá kāi cóng 'ān qìng qǐ bīng, shēng tǎo wéi chāng huī, cǐ shí zài tiān jīng yǐ wài de tài píng jūn dà duō zhī chí shí dá kāi。
yè jì zōng shù
tā yī shēng de yè jì zhù yào yòu:
yī、 1843 nián chuàng lì“ bài shàng dì huì”, duì dòng yuán qún zhòng tuī fān qīng cháo tǒng zhì de dǒu zhēng qǐ liǎo zhòng yào de xuān chuán hé zǔ zhì zuò yòng ﹔ qí hòu xiě de《 yuán dào jiù shì xùn》、《 yuán dào xǐng shì xùn》、《 yuán dào jué shì xùn》 děng zhù zuò, wéi tài píng tiān guó qǐ yì zuò hǎo liǎo sī xiǎng yú lùn zhǔn bèi。 jīng shù nián nǔ lì,
èr、 cóng 1851 nián 1 yuè 11 rì jīn tián qǐ yì dào 1864 nián tiān jīng xiàn luò qián xī,
sān、 liǎng cì jiàn lì lǐng dǎo hé xīn。 qián qī, zài yǒng 'ān jiàn zhì fēn fēng zhū wáng, shǐ tài píng tiān guó chū jù guī mó, jiā qiáng liǎo lǐng dǎo lì liàng, tí gāo liǎo tài píng jūn zhàn dǒu lì, wéi tài píng tiān guó de xùn měng fā zhǎn dǎ xià liǎo jī chǔ﹔ hòu qī, zài“ guó zhōng wú rén, cháo zhōng wú jiāng” de jú miàn shàng,
sì、 bān bù gé mìng gāng lǐng。 qián qī, 1853 nián dōng, bān bù liǎo《 tiān cháo tián mǔ zhì dù》, tí chū gǎi biàn tǔ dì zhì dù hé qí tā gǎi gé shè huì de cuò shī。 qí nèi róng biǎo xiàn liǎo nóng mín fǎn fēng jiàn de yào qiú hé jiě jué tǔ dì wèn tí de qiáng liè yuàn wàng。 gāng lǐng nèi róng de wán bèi xìng hé shēn kè xìng, shǐ tài píng tiān guó gé mìng dá dào liǎo zhōng guó lì dài nóng mín gé mìng suǒ néng dá dào de zuì gāo sī xiǎng jìng jiè。
1859 nián bān bù liǎo hóng rén gān wéi fǎng xiào xī fāng zī běn zhù yì guó jiā 'ér xiě de《 zī zhèng xīn piān》 yī shū。 zhè shì hòu qī tài píng tiān guó de zhòng yào zhèng gāng, shuō míng tā zài duì dài zī běn zhù yì de tài dù shàng, jiào tóng shí dài de dì zhù tǒng zhì jiē jí sī xiǎng kāi míng, yǎn jiè kāi kuò。
shì shí shàng,《 zī zhèng xīn piān》 cóng lái méi yòu zài tài píng tiān guó de guǎn xiá qū yù shí shī guò, tài píng tiān guó yě méi yòu jìn xíng guò zhēn zhèng yì yì shàng de zhèng quán jiàn shè, tā men shí xíng de shì jūn shì nú lì zhì dù, bù dài biǎo rèn hé lì shǐ jìn bù lì liàng, ér shì jù bèi xié jiào zǔ zhì de suǒ yòu tè zhēng。
zhè běn shū shì hóng rén xuān wèile xiǎn shì zì jǐ de zhèng zhì quán wēi, píng xī zì jǐ wú gōng 'ér shòu fēng wéi ‘ gān wáng ’ yǐn fā de zhū duō jiàngshì de fèn nù, yǐ zì jǐ de xiāng gǎng jīng lì wéi lán běn, xiě chū liǎo jìn sì yú yóu jì de shū。 zài tài píng tiān guó hòu qī, hóng rén xuān cóng lái méi yòu qǔ dé guò lǐng dǎo dì wèi, tā jǐn jǐn shì
shī bài yuán yīn fēn xī
tài píng tiān guó yùn dòng, zhī suǒ yǐ néng chéng wéi jǐ qiān nián lái zhōng guó nóng mín zhàn zhēng de zuì gāo fēng, shì yǔ tā de jù dà gòng xiàn fēn bù kāi de。 nǎi zhì zhōng guó mín zhù gé mìng xiān qū sūn zhōng shān yuàn zuò
yī、 dìng dū tiān jīng hòu, fēng jiàn yì shí yǔ rì jù zēng, děng jí guān niàn、 xiǎng lè sī xiǎng yóu qí tū chū。
èr、 tài píng tiān guó hòu qī, wéi fáng dà quán bàng luò,
sān、
1864 nián 3 yuè, tiān jīng hé wéi hòu, chéng nèi duàn liáng。
sǐ yīn bié jiě
lìng yī shuō fǎ :
lǐ xiù chéng shì hòu qī tài píng tiān guó de zhù yào jiànglǐng,
1843 (Daoguang 20 years), and cousins, Hong Feng, Liang cousin Rengan from "good words to persuade the world" to draw some of the Christian doctrine, and later on their own baptism, and in Guangdong Huaxian County's first "God Worship" .
Son, Roberts refused to baptize him. Hong leave Guangzhou and return to Guiping, and Feng join. In July, Hong Feng, together with the development of "10, paragraph heaven."
Early September 1850, Hong publish mobilization orders, the congregation immediately to the Gold Fields group camp series Ng, reaching 20 000 people. In November the same year, Taiping Village in Chengdu Qing Jiang wooden successful ambush. Lunar New Year in December, they Jintian Webster village ancestral hall, the ceremony held in worship of God, and declared the country as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
January 1853 Taiping captured Wuchang, the number increased to 500,000, in March occupied Nanjing, renamed "Tianjing" and capital in this, then the Northern Expedition and the expedition started.
Early in 1855, Yi Wang Shi Dakai big break Hunan, complex settlement Wuchang.
Tianjing Incident in 1856 (ancient six years) in June, the South Pacific Jun Gongpo Camp Qing Xiang Rong, Xie Tianjing around three years. Heung-wing death in August 9, the death soon spread Tianjing, East Wang Yang, see the situation at the Taiping excellent, and another attempt to pretend that "Heavenly Father descended to" force the king to him as "Long live."
Yi Wang arrived Ground in Tianjing, the blame Wei Changhui killing, two broke up, Shi escaped that night outside the city, then try to kill Yi Wang Wei Changhui Fuchu family.
The performance of his life are:
Third, the two set up the core of leadership. Early in the feudal kings Wing formed, so that the Taiping beginning to take shape, strengthen the leadership to improve the combat effectiveness of the Taiping, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the rapid development of the foundation; later, in "a country no one, not the DPRK" situation, the Hong selection of Yu-Cheng Chen, Li Xiucheng other young generals presided over the military, the appointment of cousin Rengan provide management heavenly government, formed a new leadership, so that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to continue the struggle.
In fact, the "New Governance" has never been implemented in the jurisdiction of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had, Taiping has not conducted any real political power, they have imposed a military slave system, does not represent any progressive force of history, but with the cult all the characteristics of the organization.
Taiping Rebellion, has become a war thousands of years, the peak of Chinese farmers, is inseparable from his great contribution. And even the Chinese Democratic Revolution Sun Yat-sen would like to make Hong second, you can reflected in its far-reaching impact on future generations. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the foreign reactionary forces under the Joint strangulation failure. However, as the supreme leader of the Taiping Rebellion, Hong is also a serious error can not be ignored. Hong error mainly due to:
3, Hong old age, not only narrow-minded conservative, and into the tragic quagmire of religious superstition.
Another argument: Hong died of suicide. In the 20th century, 60 years ago, most people believe Hong died of suicide.
Li Xiucheng is the major generals of the late Taiping, Hong death, he presided over Tianjing Tianjing defend the war, the situation on the day of the palace a more precise understanding of when. Zeng Inscription "Li Xiucheng readme" in Speaking of Hong death: "King (Hong) Sri Lanka when the anxiety, irritability day, that is poisoned to death April 27." The second half, said: "King of the suicide, but also the global chaos." Taiping opponent, Zeng Xiang Army chief on June 23 in the same year (7.26) and Zou Gao said: "The first real line this year, against the Hong months, government troops stormed, the poison and died. "seven days in early July the same year, another Zou Cheng:" There is pseudo-palace slave girl who, the state Department of Road, Huang Xing Nvzi that hand against the dead were also buried, Chen pro-plus examination, according to for, Hong alive, not seen after years of civil and military officials, on April 27 because of government troops Ji Gong, taking poison in his death is not made secret funeral. The town band of the rovers, the officers and men outside the city, publicity has spread, Shi Yuri announced before a . "Based on the above information, most historians believe that Hong Department of" poison. " Kuo Ting-yee said Hong's death, the "poison that nearly true"; Chien-Wen in "The Complete History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom," pointed out that Hong suicide is "fact"; Roll Gang, "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Manuscript" under "Li Xiucheng readme" content, that the Hong "April 19 (day calendar, which 1864.6.1) poison deaths." However, scholars at the time that Hong committed suicide, has a degree of suspicion.
tài píng tiān guóhóng xiù quán Hong Xiuquan (1851nián~1864nián) | hòuyījūnzhù >>: hóng tiān guì fú |