商代
相土 商湯十一世祖，契的孫子，一作乘杜。據《竹書紀年》記載：“帝相十五年，商侯
相土作乘馬，遂遷於商丘。”
相土是閼伯之孫，昭明之子。
相土由砥石(今河北泯水流域)遷居至商丘。
相土時，商部落的畜牧業已相當發達。畜牧業的發達為商人過渡到父係氏族社會並開始使用奴隸奠定了基礎。
相土作乘馬，就是馴養馬作為運載工具。畜牧業發達的部落，武力都是比較強勝的。所以，
相土當部落首領時，乘夏王相失位，對東方無力控製之機，迅速擴展了自己的勢力。
相土以商丘為中心，把勢力伸張到黃河下遊的廣大地區，又在泰山附近建立了“東都”。其後裔在追頌
相土的功績時說：“
相土烈烈，海外有截”（《詩經 商頌長發》），可見
相土的活動已到達黃海一帶，並同“海外”-----四海之外發生了聯繫，截即斬殺。傳說
相土佐夏，任夏司馬，專管徵伐之事。
相土的三世孫冥，努力發展農業，治水身死。他與共工、禹，都是傳說中有名的治水人物。所以，後來受到了隆重的祭祀，並留下了“冥勤其官而水死”的傳說。其子為昌若。
相土作乘馬
相土是契之孫，殷人先公之一。上古之初，人們尚不知駕馬拉車馱物，牧馬則是用群放散養之法。相傳
相土用槽喂、圈養之法飼養馬匹，將馬馴服，再加訓練，於是馬能拉車馱物，成為重要運輸工具之一。可見，
相土時商族巳從逐水草而遷徙的遊牧生活，進入定居畜牧和農業種植時代。
相土用武力嚮東方發展勢力，達於黃海之濱和附近海島。
Prayed 11 generation ancestor with soil, the grandson of contract, for a work by Du. According to "Bamboo Annals" record: "God with 15 years riding business for Hou phase soil, were removed to Shangqiu." Phase soil is shut grandson of Peter, son of Zhao Ming. With soil from the grindstones (now Hebei obliterate watershed) moved to Shangqiu. With soil, the tribe's livestock business has been well developed. Development of animal husbandry for the businessman and the transition to the patriarchal clan society laid the foundation to start using slaves. With soil for riding, that is, domesticated horses as their means of delivery. Animal husbandry developed tribes, force is stronger wins. So, with soil when the tribal leaders, the phase out of position by Xia Wang, unable to control the aircraft on the East, the rapid expansion of their power. With soil to Shangqiu as the center, to be done to influence large areas of the Lower Yellow River, but also established in the vicinity of Mount Tai "Eastern Capital." Their descendants in the chase phase of soil achievements Chung said: "The phase soil its might, cut overseas" ("Ode to Poetry in business long hair"), can be seen with the activities of soil has reached the Yellow Sea area, with "overseas" --- - seas outside of the contact cut is beheaded. Legend phase soil Zuo Xia, Ren Sima summer, specifically to deal with a matter of conquest. Three-generation descendant of Ming phase soil, efforts to develop agriculture, flood control in his death. He and common work, Yu, flood control are well-known legendary characters. Therefore, the later by a grand ritual, and left a "deep ground water, its officials and the dead" legend. If his son to Chang.
Soil is a lease with the Sun, one of the people of Yin Xian Gong. Ancient beginning, people still do not know driving horse-drawn vehicles pack things, Wrangler is the backyard with a group put the law. According to legend, with a tank fed with soil, the method of captive breeding horses, the horses tamed, together with training, so pack horse can pull a cart thing, as one important means of transport. Can be seen when the commercial phase soil by plants and the family had move from nomadic life, livestock and agricultural cultivation into the settlement era. Phase soil forces the use of force development to the east, over the Yellow Sea and nearby islands.