| 姓： | 呂 | ||||||||||
| 名： | 望 | ||||||||||
| 字： | 子牙 | ||||||||||
| 網筆號： | 太公 | ||||||||||
閱讀呂尚 Lv Shang在百家争鸣的作品!!! | |||||||||||
【記載】
“昭烈武成王”姜子牙
姜太公在我國歷史上是一位高壽的人，姜太公死後，返周而葬，葬於文王、武王的陵墓旁。當時周朝規定，姜太公五世之內皆返周而葬，五世之後才能葬於齊地。在唐宋以前，姜太公被歷代皇帝封為武聖，唐肅宗封姜太公為武成王，宋真宗時，又封姜太公為昭烈武成王。到了元朝時期，民間對姜太公增加了一些神話傳說。到明代萬歷年間，許仲琳創作了《封神演義》小說，從此，姜太公由人變成了神，並且為民間廣為信奉。
姜太公釣魚
姜子牙是中國古代歷史上一位著名人物，同時他在道教和民間的地位也較高。他出身貴族家庭，祖先的封地叫呂，所以他又被稱為呂尚。姜子牙生於山東日照，自幼聰慧。據說，他還能預測世界上將要發生的大事。
當時姜子牙所在的王朝商朝的紂王是一個殘暴的人，他統治期間戰爭不斷，為了躲避戰亂，姜子牙到中國北方的遼寧隱居了40年，後來又來到西北陝西省的終南山。在那裏，他經常到渭河去釣魚，可是3年中他卻一條魚也沒有釣到，而且他的魚鈎還是直的。人們都嘲笑他，他卻無動於衷，所以在中國有一句成語叫姜太公釣魚，願者上鈎。神奇的是，後來他果然釣到一條魚，在魚的肚子裏有一本兵法書。更巧合的是，當天晚上，周王朝（公元前11世紀-8世紀）的姬昌周文王做了一個夢，夢見一位高人。第二天，他就遇到了姜子牙。姜子牙嚮周文王講述了自己的身世，文王當時正為了打敗敵人建立王朝而搜羅人才，所以就對他說：我的先祖太公早就寄希望於你了。因此，後人又稱他為太公望，在民間一般稱他為姜太公。文王給他以極高的地位，並在他的幫助下，消滅了商朝。 在以後的中國各朝代都為他建立了神廟，而道傢也傳說他升天成仙了。
一、姜太公生平及其出生地之歷史考證
姜太公為炎帝神農氏54世孫，伯夷36世孫。為周文王、武王、成王、康王四代太師，齊王，妻名申薑，共有13子（丁、壬、年、奇、枋、紹、駱、銘、青、易、尚、其、佐），女邑薑封周武王妃、皇后。公元前1211年，殷朝庚丁八年已酉年出生於今山東省日照市；公元前1072年戊辰年，周康王六年，卒於周首都鎬京，歲壽139歲。陵塚位於陝西省鹹陽市周陵鄉，距離文王陵1公裏；山東省淄博市臨淄姜太公祠內設有衣冠塚。
姜太公半生寒微，擇主不遇，飄遊不定，但他能動心忍性，觀察風雲，等待時機，終遇明主，輔佐姬昌，修德振武，以求興周。周武王伐紂，太公為軍師，牧野大戰，滅商盛周，立了首功。周初分封，姜太公被封為齊國君主，他治國有方，創建了泱泱大國，遺風猶存，纍世相續，為後來的齊桓公“九合諸侯，一匡天下”，成為五霸之首而奠定了基礎。
關於姜太公的出生地，文獻記載不一，主要是東海說和河內說。
《孟子·離婁上》說：“伯夷闢紂，居北海之濱，……太公闢紂，居東海之濱……二老者，天下之大老也。”《呂氏春秋·首時》篇說：“太公望，東夷之士也。”高誘註《呂氏春秋·首時》篇說：“太公望，河內人也。”《後漢書·郡國三》註引《博物記》雲：“太公呂望所出，今有東呂鄉。又釣於棘津，其浦今存。”《水經註·汶水》雲：“（汶水）又北過淳於縣西，故夏後氏之斟灌國也。周武王以封淳於公，號曰淳於國。”《水經註·齊乘》雲：“莒州東百六十裏有東呂鄉，棘津在琅邪海麯，太公望所出。”《水經註》引太公廟碑文曰：“太公望，河內汲人。”究竟何說為確，據史籍和當代有關專傢的考辨，認為東海說根據較為確鑿。東呂鄉當為姜太公出生地。古代呂、莒本為一字，莒為周代國名，即為現在山東省莒縣。東呂鄉、東呂裏在莒城東面，今屬山東省日照市。漢張華《博物志》明確標出：“海麯城有東呂鄉東呂裏，太公望所出也。”西漢的“海麯’則為現在的“日照”。今人楊伯峻對姜太公裏籍作了具體的考辨。他說：“閻若璩《四書釋地續》雲：‘後漢琅邪國海麯縣，劉昭引《博物記註》雲：太公呂望所出，今有東呂鄉。又釣於棘津，其浦今存。又於清河國廣川縣棘津城，辨其當在琅邪海麯，此城殊非。餘謂海麯故城，《通典》稱在莒縣東，則當日太公闢紂居東海之濱即是其傢。漢崔瑗、晉盧無忌立《齊太公碑》以為汲縣人者，誤。”（《孟子譯註·離婁上》）所論有據、甚確。就是說，姜太公的出生地當今山東省東部黃海之濱的日照、莒縣一帶，亦正是司馬遷所說的“東海上人’之義。據齊國國都，當今的山東省淄博市臨淄區史記記載姜太公出生地為現今日照市。據姜太公分支後裔盧氏宗親世界研究會（含韓國等國外盧氏）史記記載，姜太公出生地為山東日照市。當今中國研究姜太公的最高權威之一，中國國防大學著名教授，姜太公後裔薑國柱先生，經多年研究考證，確認姜太公出生地為山東省日照市。
還需要說明的是，在四千年前，日照市兩城鎮（距市區十八公裏），是亞洲最大的城市。這是美國考古專傢組同山東大學在實地聯合考察半年之久得出的結論。作為一代偉人姜太公出生在這樣的文化發達地區，應更合乎情理。經綜合考證分析認為，姜太公出生地應為山東省日照市。
《水經註》引太公廟碑文曰：“太公望，河內汲人。”《呂氏春秋·首時》篇說：“太公望，河內人也。”《史記》齊太公世傢》：“太公望呂沿者，東海上人。”衛輝市在民國以前屬河內郡，1988年以前叫汲縣。衛輝附近有與東海相似的“北海”這個地名,有碑文為證。 西晉汲郡出土的<竹書紀年>專載姜太公為"魏之汲邑人".（衛輝市太公泉鎮呂村）
二、姜太公的歷史地位
姜太公一生坎坷多磨而又轟轟烈烈、神秘莫測，確實稱得上是奇人、奇事、奇男子。綜觀太公一生的建樹，無論從軍事、政治、經濟思想等方面，都有卓越貢獻，其中尤以軍事最着，所以太史公言“後世之言兵及周之陰權皆宗太公為本謀”，稱得上兵傢之鼻祖，軍事之淵藪。
姜太公是中國歷史上一位全智全能的人物，也是中國文藝舞臺上一位“高、大、全”的形象，還是中國神壇上一位居衆神之上的神主。作為宗教的神仙，他是武神、智神，被奉為“太公在此，百無禁忌”的護佑神靈。
周朝從古公亶父起，就盼望能得到一個聖人……一位武能安邦、文能治國的賢才，來輔助周國實現滅殷興周的任務，所以名太公為“太公望”，到武王執政時，又以“師尚父”相稱，尊寵權貴無以復加。文王所命太公之“師”即“太師”，是西周王朝“三公”中的最高長官，既主軍，也問政。時有“天下三分，其二歸周者，太公之謀計居多”之言，足見太公在周朝中的地位之重。
姜太公是一位滿腹韜略的賢臣和非凡的政治、軍事傢，一直受歷代統治者崇尚，這在《詩經》等唐朝以前的許多史料及文學作品中頌文頗多。
唐太宗即位後，外夷相侵，內患未除，政局動亂，國傢面臨着百亂待治，百廢待興的情況，為了達到“安人理國”的目的，便自稱他是姜太公的化身，便在磻溪建立太公廟，他用這一舉動告訴人們，他要象周文王訪賢並重用姜太公那樣的賢臣良將，他後來果然得到了一大批治世理國的人才，終於實現了“貞觀之治”。唐玄宗為求國內安寧，需要像姜太公那樣披肝瀝膽，嘔心瀝血，忠貞不二的勤勉事主的人才，便於開元十九年（公元731年）敕令天下諸州各建一所太公廟。並要求以張良配享，在春秋仲秋月上戊日祭祀。每當發兵出師或各將領及文武舉人應詔，都要先去太公廟拜謁。開元二十七年（公元739年）追謚姜太公為“武成王”，成為中華民族“武”聖人。宋神宗熙寧五年（公元1072年）為抵禦外冠入侵，下令要求各軍事將領必讀《太公兵法》。司馬遷在《史記》中說：“周西伯昌之脫羑裏，與呂尚陰謀修德以傾商政，其事多兵權與奇計，故後世之言兵及周之陰權皆宗太公為本謀，”這就確立了姜太公是中華民族創立韜略理論開山祖的地位。
1972年從山東臨沂銀雀山漢武帝初年的墓葬發掘出的《六韜》殘簡，來校勘今天存世的各種《六韜》版本和本註，說明了《六韜》一書，在漢武帝以前就流行開了，否定了《六韜》是古人偽托呂尚所着的懷疑，進一步證實了姜太公在軍事理論上的著述是真實的。他在軍事理論方面，在政治、經濟鬥爭的策略思想方面，都為子孫後代留下了不可磨滅的豐富的遺産，人們稱他是兵傢權謀思想的始祖是當之無愧的！
中國古代的兵論、兵法、兵書、戰策、戰術等一整套的軍事理論學說，就其最早發端、形成體係、構成學說來說，都始自齊國，源自太公，所以說太公為兵傢宗師、齊國兵聖、中國武祖是當之無愧的。可以說，沒有太公理論及其所建立的齊國兵傢，則不會有如此博大精深、智謀高超、理論完整、源遠流長、綿延不斷、影響巨大的中國兵學理論學說。今天，我們在研究中國古代的治國方略、用兵之道時，不能不重視太公的傑出貢獻、思想價值。中國古今著名的軍事傢孫武、鬼𠔌子、黃石公、諸葛亮等都學習吸收了太公《六韜》的精華，太公的文韜武略被當今世界上的政治、經濟、管理、軍事、科技等各個領域所藉鑒。
太公治國，確立了“因其俗，簡其禮，通商工之業，便魚????之利”的治國方針，在齊國數百年的發展史上，代代相傳，産生了巨大的影響，確立了齊文化的歷史地位。
太公已去世3000餘年了，人民處於崇拜他的高尚人格，悼念他的豐功偉績，以樸實的感情編造出他的很多神話故事歌頌他。說他曾在昆明山學道，後奉師命下山助周滅商，滅商之後又奉師命發榜封神。這在《太平御覽》和《封神記》等書上逐步把他神化了。到了明代許仲琳為崇敬太公無法形容時便以神面化之編着了一部《封神演義》，把他說成是管天下所有神的神了，太公的神奇和威嚴，成為驅邪扶正的偶像了。這些雖然超出了歷史的真實，但卻反映出姜太公在人們心目中的崇高地位。
三、姜太公思想
呂尚（姜太公）的文治武略影響深遠。他不僅是開創西周的功臣，而且輔佐文王、武王、成王、康王四朝之元老，積纍了豐富的治國經驗，推動了社會的發展和進步。他的思想、理論、實踐博大精深。
1、韜略鼻祖，千古武聖
姜太公作為中國韜略鼻祖、千古武聖，其文韜武略、經國治軍，理民化俗之論、之策、之術，都為後人奠定了良好的基礎，並為華夏民族所稱頌、效法。
“兵聖”孫武及其《孫子兵法》飲譽中外，堪稱兵法之集大成者，其軍事思想亦不乏藉鑒太公謀略之處。舉例說明：如《孫子兵法·虛實篇》有“出其所必趨，趨其所不意”之句，而以反映姜太公軍事思想的《六韜》論着中《文韜·兵道》記載即有“兵勝之術，密察敵人之機而速乘其利，復疾擊其不意”之句；《孫子兵法·計篇》中“將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴也”與《六韜·竜韜·論將》中“將有五材十過”，“五材者，勇、智、仁、信、忠也”相近；《孫子兵法·計篇》稱“ 兵者，國之大事也。死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。”“夫將者，國之輔也，輔國則國必強，輔隙則國必弱”，而《六韜·竜韜·論將》亦言“故兵者，國之大事，存亡之道，命在於將。將者，國之輔，先王之所重也。”等等。
有關姜太公軍事思想的著作有《六韜》、《六韜》以太公答周文王、周武王之問的形式寫作，其書包括文韜、武韜、竜韜、虎韜、豹韜、犬韜六個部分，共六十篇。《陰符經》、《太公兵法》、《太公金匱》等，但現存甚少。其軍事韜略、戰爭謀略、戰法戰術、軍隊建設、戰爭準備等思想的高明、深邃、可貴之處，就在於他的全面性、創造性、開拓性，他不是單純地就軍事而論軍事，而是從哲人智能的高度，以聰明政治傢的眼光，將政治與軍事、治國與理軍緊密地結合起來，融為一體加以論述。這就使他的軍事韜略、謀略頗具全面性、深刻性、精闢性，因而為歷代的哲學家、政治傢、軍事傢所推重，並産生了巨大的影響。《六韜》作為中國古代偉大的軍事著作，在宋代被列為《武經七書》之一，作為武學教本，成為武將們必讀的兵書。二千多年來，《六韜》與其它“武經”一樣，從先秦至現代，不斷有人註釋、講解、校勘、闡揚，挖掘其思想宏旨奧義，吸取其思想精華，經久不衰，至今愈盛，充分展現了其光輝的思想價值和不朽的生命力。我們應當珍惜這份寶貴的歷史文化遺産，使之在新時代更加輝煌。
2、權謀思想
《六韜·文韜·文師》最後有一段姜太公的話：“太公曰：天下非一人之天下，乃天下人之天下也。同天下之利者則得天下。”這是太公“陰謀修德以傾商政”，滅商興周的最大的也是最根本的權謀思想。因為，最大的權謀莫過於推翻商朝、建立周朝，奇取和建立國傢政權是軍事謀略的根本。這一思想，除《文師》外，在《發啓》、《文啓》、《順啓》等篇中也都反復論述這個道理。太公被封齊，建立齊國之後，推行的根本方針也是“天下非一人之天下，乃天下人之天下也”的思想。可以看出，姜太公認為，人的本性是惡死而樂生，好德而歸利，能給予人以生利的是道義，能行仁義道德者，則能使天下人歸服。因此，國君應當以天下之利為利，以天下之害為害，以天下之樂為樂，以天下之生為務。衹有以仁義道德為天下興利除害，使天下人與之共利害，同生死，共憂患，共苦樂，這樣便可以收攬、固結民心，使萬民歸心、歡心。基於這種認識，《六韜》強調國君要行仁修德，澤及百姓，不可暴民、虐民，為已而害民，。衹有這樣，人民才能與國君同舟共濟，擁戴國君。本思想亦在齊國的實踐中貫徹、實現了這一思想。這是其它所有軍事謀略傢所沒有的。可見，《六韜》一書的上述內容，與姜太公的軍事謀略思想相符。
3、愛民思想
愛民之道，就是以仁義之道，修德惠民，使民和服。如太公所言：“敬其衆，合其親。敬其衆則合，合其親則喜，是謂仁義之紀。無使人奪汝威，因其明，順其常。順者任之以德，逆者絶之以力。敬之無疑，天下和服。”就是說，要尊重民意，敬愛民衆，聚合宗親，行仁舉義，就會受到民衆的擁護愛戴，這樣使天下和服，就可以守土、固國而王天下。因此，威服天下者，不必專任武力，不可橫暴百姓，而要以仁義為本，修德禁暴。這就是姜太公和《六韜》重視文韜而不輕武略，把經國與治軍作為整體而論的高明之處。他治國安民用仁道，施仁政，重教化，因民俗，順民情。這就充分表現了姜太公治政的出發點和歸宿地都是為了愛民。《六韜·文韜·國務》雲：“太公曰：‘利而無害，成而無敗，生而無殺，與而無奪，反而無苦，喜而無怒。'”從上我們不難看出，“愛民”思想之深，在先秦軍事、政治和諸侯君中，也衹有姜太公纔有如此深刻“愛民”思想。而且，也是由姜太公在齊立國之後，真正把“愛民”思想貫徹到建國的實踐當中去，這就是齊國的富民政策。
4、順民思想
姜太公深知“民為邦本，民固國興”的道理，有民則有國，無民則何國可言。因此，他力倡以民為本，仁政順民的思想。順民就是“重民”、“貴民”。如果國君、人臣和各級官吏，不以民為本，以民事為務，而敲剝、殘害民衆，就會使民衆離心離德，離之而去，叛之而反。姜太公通過自己長期生活在民衆中的親自實歷，不斷觀察，精心研究，對於民為貴、民為本的思想有深刻的認識，並樹立了牢固的民本意識，所以他在出山之前和立國治國之中，都始終堅持以民為本，實行仁政，收服民心，使萬民歸心。對如何安靜、安定天下，姜太公指出：天有其自己的運行規律，民衆有其自己的日常生活事業。君主能與民衆共同安生，天下就安靜，民衆就安定了。最好的政治是因民俗、順民心進行治理，其次是宣傳教化，感代民衆。民衆被教化、受感化，就會服從政令，所以說天道無為而能生長萬物、成就萬物，民衆無需給予而能自己富庶，這就是對人治理天下的高尚道德，亦是無為而無所不為的根本道理所在。
5、舉賢思想
《六韜·文韜》中《上賢》、《舉賢》兩篇，集中表現了姜太公的重賢、上賢、選賢、舉賢的聖賢治國論及其思想內容。所謂“上賢”，就是尊重、崇尚有道德、有才能的人。尊賢尚功是姜太公“國本”的主要內容之一。姜太公認為，作為君主治理國傢，必須尊崇德纔兼備的賢人，抑製無纔無德的庸人；任用忠實誠信的人，除去姦詐虛偽的人；嚴禁暴亂的行為，禁止奢侈的風俗，因此，明君用人應當警惕六種壞事、七種壞人。六種壞事的危害是：“傷王之德”、“傷王之化”、“傷王之權”、“傷王之威”、“傷功勞之臣”、“傷庶人之業”。對七種壞人，絶對不可信用，即“勿使為將”、“勿與謀”、“勿近”、“勿寵”、“勿使”、“禁之 ”、“止之”。這就堵死了壞人幹壞事、危國傢、害民衆的路徑。
《六韜·文韜·上賢》雲：“太公曰：‘得賢將者兵強國昌，不得賢將者，兵弱國亡。'”舉賢思想，在姜太公建立齊國之後，又正式列入建國方針之一，即“舉賢而上功”。
6、六守三寶
姜太公的理財富國、富民足民的發展經濟的思想主張是全面而周到、精闢而深刻的。《六韜·文韜·六守》載：太公曰：“人君有六守三寶。”六守：仁、義、忠、信、勇、謀。三寶：大農、大工、大商謂之三寶。農一其鄉則𠔌足；工一其鄉則器足，商一其鄉則貨足。三寶各安其處，民乃不慮。無亂其鄉，無亂其族。臣無富於君，都無大於國。六守長則群昌；三寶完則國安。這三寶在齊立國之後，也是列入建國方針之一，即“通商工之業，便魚????之利”，農工商同時發展，重點又是發展工商業，因而，後來的齊國纔發展或為一個民富、國強的大國。
姜太公在“三寶並重”“本末並利”、“上下俱足”、廣開財源的基礎上，提出了他的貨幣政策，確保財貨正常流通、賦稅正常繳納，促進經濟發展、市場繁榮，這種開源節流的經濟、貨幣政策，實為國傢經濟發展的上策。姜太公深知，農、工、商三業對國計民生的重要意義。國無農無食不穩，國無工無器不富，國無商無貨不活，故要農、工、商並重，協調發展，使人民有業可從，衣食飽暖，器具足用，財貨流通，財政充裕。姜太公的“三寶”思想，不僅是周朝經濟發展的基本方針政策，而且為齊國的強大奠定了政治、物質基礎。此發展經濟的指導思想，延續至當今世界。
7、九府圜法
姜太公的貨幣政策，主要是他製定的九府圜法。所謂“九府圜法”，顔師古《註》雲：“《周官》大府、玉府、內府、外府、泉府、天府、職內、職金、職幣皆掌財幣之官，故云九府。圜謂均而通也。”姜太公所建立的“九府圜法”，是用行政手段保證財貨的均衡流通和合理出入，使錢幣與布帛不斷流通，聚散適宜，無積滯，無匱乏。國以之富，民以之足。
“九府”是“掌財幣之官”。查《周禮》的“九府”之職能，就在於“通貨幣，易有無”。
姜太公的財政經濟政策和金融管理制度，不僅為周朝的經濟管理、經濟監督、賦稅收納、貨物保藏等建立了完整、嚴密的管理體係、管理制度，而且為齊國的強大，為齊桓公和管仲的“九合諸侯，一匡天下”的霸業奠定了基礎。姜太公的生財之道，理財之策，即開源節流之製，是富民強國之道，為萬世治國興邦之正道，萬事不易之治道，故為萬世法。
四、千秋功業，後人稱贊
姜太公的道德功業，為後人所推崇、稱頌。有人把他由人變為神，列入神仙之首，說他能呼風喚雨、使神役鬼；有人把他尊為“兵傢鼻祖”；齊人稱他為“天齊至尊”等等。歷代文人墨客、哲人智士、兵傢武士，都在詩詞文論、兵書戰策中，抒發情懷，稱贊有加。他們或觀太公留下的歷史遺跡而抒發已志，或以太公事跡為據而引申已論，頌揚其功。
在《詩經·大明》中寫道：
牧野洋洋，檀車煌煌。駟騵彭彭，維師尚父。時維鷹揚，涼彼武王。肆伐大商，會朝清明。
在諸多贊詩中，對姜太公一生功績給予高度概括、評價的要算《封神演義》的作者許仲琳的《薑元帥贊》：
六韜留下成王業，妙算玄機不可窮。
出將入相千秋業，伐罪吊民萬古功。
運籌帷幄欺風後，燮理陰陽壓老彭。
亙古軍師為第一，聲名直並泰山隆。
對姜太公一生的千秋功業，不僅詩詞歌頌，而且經史文論，多有盛贊。
對姜太公人們不僅重視他的著作和智能的價值，還十分尊崇他高尚的人格和不懈奮鬥的精神，懷念他對正義，對文明的孜孜追求；睏難，他不退卻，不屈辱，不低頭；饑餓，也不理會；沉淪，他不屈服；年高，他不服老，而對自己的理想、信念和追求毫不動搖。是有志不嫌年高，大器晚成“使老者奮”的典範。他永遠是中華兒女的自豪和驕傲。
在歷史悠久，源遠流長，延綿不斷的中華民族傳統思想文化中，齊魯文化是主要來源，集中代表了炎黃這一思想體係的傳統文明。在遠古時代，炎帝、黃帝為首的兩個部落，已開始結合。經過漫長的歷史發展，已融合成為一個民族。在周初，代表這兩個部族的兩個偉大歷史人物，一個是封於齊國的炎帝後裔姜太公，一個是封於魯國的黃帝後裔周公旦。我們說，假如沒有周公的文韜和姜太公的武略，作為“小邦周”是很難戰勝“大國殷”的，即使是戰勝了，也難以鞏固，並創造出那樣燦爛輝煌的周代文明。現在我們以實事求是的態度，認真研究姜太公的思想，正確評價姜太公的功業，對於深入研究探討中華民族歷史文化，尤其占其主流的齊魯文化具有十分重要的意義。
【姜太公享年考】
姜太公是殷周交替時的一個關鍵人物。以往，有關他的享年，從八九十歲到一百三四十歲⑴，什麽說法都有。究其原因，除了文獻記載的有限，更重要的還是缺少一個可資參照的年表。另外，有關周文王等人的年齡問題，也有類似的情況，且與太公享年的研究有着密切的聯繫。現在好了，夏商周斷代工程找回了一個“失落的年表”⑵，我們正可據以進行新的探索。同時，由於我們的研究，衹能算作斷代工程的“拾餘”，所以，也可從一個側面對“新年表”的正確性和適用程度，起到一定的檢驗作用。
一、太公享年的大體範圍
春秋以前的史料，如《尚書》、《易經》、《詩經》、甲骨文、金文等，沒有明確涉及太公年齡的內容。戰國至兩漢的著述，多把初見周文王時的姜太公，說成是一位老者，儘管在形容老的程度上各有不同。如《荀子》和《韓詩外傳》裏就說：初見文王時的太公是“夫人行年七十有二，渾然而齒墮矣。”《尉繚子》裏說：“太公望”年過七十“及遇文王”。《孟子》說：太公和叔齊“二老者，天下之大老也。”《楚辭》說：“太公九十乃顯榮兮，誠未遇其匹合。”《史記》說：“蓋太公之卒，百有餘年。”《淮南子》說：“呂尚使老者奮，項托使嬰兒衿。以類相慕。”《說苑》裏有太公望“七十而相周，九十而封齊”等等。
然而，近日見到網上有一篇名為《姜太公之高壽》的文章（見新鄉歷史文化專欄），卻有着完全不同的意見，文中說：
顧頡剛先生的《太公望年壽》認為，古文獻中記載的姜太公年壽數，都是戰國時代齊國遊士的妄談。“太公”原意為“老太爺”，但後人誤以為太公是長壽之意，正好像彭祖名字中有“祖”，老子姓名中有“老”，就誤以為彭祖、老子是年逾八百歲（似應為八十歲）的老人。而且從《詩經·大明》“牧野洋洋，檀車煌煌，駟原彭彭，維師尚父，時維鷹揚”中所描寫的戰爭場面和搏擊的迅勇情況看，九十歲的老人是做不到的。所以顧頡剛推測，姜太公在牧野之戰時，年約三十，終於八十歲左右。
我們認為，要想深入研究太公的具體享年，首先也需要有一個大致的範圍，並且覺得，說“姜太公在牧野之戰時，年約三十，終於八十歲左右”，是很難讓人信從的，明顯的理由至少有以下四點：
首先，說太公高壽“都是戰國時代齊國遊士的妄談”不妥。正如我們前面所舉，荀子、尉繚子、孟子和屈原，都是戰國時人，又都說過太公高壽，但卻無一人是“齊國遊士”者。
其次，僅據《詩經·大雅·大明》裏的詩句“維師尚父，時維鷹揚”的描寫，就認為“姜太公在牧野之戰時，年約三十”，顯然是想象的成分過多了。歷史上老當益壯徵戰沙場的人不勝枚舉。況且，“鷹揚”一詞，恐怕關鍵還要落實在一個“率”字上；太公本人，未必一定是要“身先戟斧”的。
第三，說“姜太公在牧野之戰時，年約三十”，實際上也就是說，姜太公在遇文王之時是二十歲左右。這不但和其它典籍不能相容，也不合情理。比如，太公的閱歷和韜略從何而來？“呂牙在殷”和“太公避紂，居東海之濱”⑶該怎麽解釋？尤其是太公的女兒邑薑為“周王妃”（詳後），也都沒了着落。
第四，《史記·齊太公世傢》裏說，“蓋太公之卒，百有餘年”，比起荀子、屈原等人的說法還要長些，當另有所據，比如齊國的“史記”--《齊乘》之類。因為，司馬遷是沒有可能看到《汲塚書·竹書紀年》裏所說，齊太公卒於周康王六年的。
總之，把“渭水垂釣”⑷時得遇周文王的姜太公定位成一位老者，並把他的享年初步定位於百年以上，無論是從情理上推想，還是從史料上參照，都要更妥當些。
二、關於文王的在位時限
為了進一步研究姜太公的享年，需要先確定一個“參照係”，就是周文王的在位時間。因為，就目前所知，惟獨周文王的在位狀況，與姜太公的生平有比較明確的“係年”關係。
有關周文王的在位情況，《尚書·無逸》說：“文王受命惟中身，厥享國五十年。”《呂氏春秋·製樂》說：“文王即位八年而地動，已動之後四十三年，凡文王立國五十一年而終。”這是說執政時間長短的。《古本竹書紀年》說：文丁（即殷紂王的祖父）十一年“王殺季歷（文王的父親）”，這是和文王即位有關的記載。有了這兩項史料，再參照“斷代工程”的新年表--文丁在位為十一年，即公元前1112--1102年，公元前 1101年其子帝乙（即帝紂的父親）即位，我們就可以把文王的在位期限，也定在公元前1101--1050年了。另外，對於文王的卒年，也可以直接采用倪德衛先生的研究成果。倪先生依據《逸周書第二十三小開解》、劉歆《世經》等當中的有關天象，所得研究結論也說：“文王五十年，是公元前1050年。”⑸
把文王在位的第五十年定於公元前1050年，可使許多事件獲得明確而合理的解釋。首先是文王改元的時間。以往，有關牧野大戰之“十一年”（或十三年），是文王十一年，還是武王即位後改元的十一年，一直懸而未决。現在，把文王終年定位於公元前1050年，就等於排除了武王即位改元“十一年”的可能性。因為，從公元前1101文王即位到公元前1046武王剋商，中間也就五十五年，是容不下文王執政五十年再加上武王改元“十一年”，共六十一年的。
四、太公享年考略
要想確定姜太公的享年，我們以為須待討論的關鍵問題，實際上主要是三個：一是太公前往西歧投靠文王時的那一年，年齡是多大？二是那一年是公元前的哪一年？三是太公卒於何年？先談第一個問題，《荀子·君道篇》裏說：
夫文王非無貴戚也，非無子弟也，非無便嬖也，倜然乃舉太公於州人而用之，豈私之也哉！以為親邪？則周姬姓也，而彼姜姓也。以為故耶？則未嘗相識也。以為好麗耶？則夫人行年七十有二，渾然而齒墮矣。
接下來，在《韓詩外傳》裏，亦有“以為嬌好耶，則太公年七十二，渾然齒墮矣”等幾乎完全相同的文字，不同的僅是把“州人”改成了“舟人”。再稍晚，《史記滑稽列傳》裏，也有類似的說法：
《詩》曰：“鼓鐘於宮，聲聞於外；鶴鳴於臯，聲聞於天。苟能修身，何患不榮。”太公躬行仁義七十二年，逢文王，得行其說。封於齊，七百歲而不絶。此士之所以日夜孜孜修學、行道，不敢止也。
由三宗史料可以看到，在荀況、韓嬰和司馬遷的心目中，太公見文王時的年齡，都是七十二歲。尤其是荀況，雖為趙人，但曾三作“稷下領袖”，其言必定源自齊人或齊典。那麽，這一“認定”，能和其它有關的典籍相容嗎？我們說，可以的。比如，《說苑》裏有“呂望年七十釣於渭渚”⑻的話。《說苑尊賢》裏有：“太公望，故老婦之出夫也，朝歌之屠佐也，棘津迎客之捨人也，年七十而相周，九十而封齊。”這裏“年七十釣於渭渚”、“年七十而相周”中的七十，因係整數，故可視其為約數。又如《尉繚子· 武議篇》裏有：“太公望年七十，屠牛朝歌，賣食盟津，過七十餘而主不聽，人人謂之狂夫也。及遇文王，則提三萬之衆，一戰而天下定，非‘武議’安能此合也？”這裏所說的“過七十餘而主不聽”後“及遇文王”，也是支持太公投靠文王時是七十二歲的。當然，不同的說法也有，主要是兩種。一種是“太公八十而遇文王”，我們以為這種說法比較晚近，其中多有文學誇張的性質。如李白的《梁甫吟》裏，就有“君不見朝歌屠叟辭棘津，八十西來釣渭濱” 的句子，有論者也把其當着史料信從⑼，或是把“姜太公時年八十有三”當作史料應用⑽，就不足取了。二是有人主張“‘七十’、‘七十二’、‘七十餘’均非具體數字，乃我國古代表示‘至大無極’的一種神秘數字”⑾。落實到年齡上，如前所述，認為是古人用以表示年長的意思，並不能代表姜太公的年齡，太公當時的年齡應更小許多。我們以為，把七十二歲減少十歲，或者二三十歲，也許並不影響太公老驥伏櫪的形象，甚至從生理上說，還更加合乎常情，比如牧野大戰之時他可以更年輕些。然而，僅憑想象得到一個數字，既無新發現的史料支持，又和現有文獻記載相抵觸，恐怕也是不足取的。
第二，是太公投靠文王的具體年分。據前面“文王在位時間”的討論可知，機動的範圍並不大，也就是文王被從羑裏放歸到其卒年，即公元前1056--1050共七個年頭的初年或次年。因為，即使排除神話性質的“同夢說”⑿不論，參照《尚書大傳》的“羑裏營救說”、《楚辭·天問》的“屠市偶識說”以及《鬼𠔌子·忤合第六》的“呂尚三就文王、三入殷，而不能有所明，然後合於文王”等史料，都不難想象得到，太公和文王的相識，並非始於渭水之陽的魚釣。《太公六韜》和《史記周本紀》裏說的，太公和文王的初遇，是因文王做了一個夢，又經卜師占卜，結果果然在荒山野岸遇到了“坐茅以漁”的太公，是我們今天的人難以信從的。比較之下，還是寧可相信《史記齊太公世傢》裏的話：
言呂尚所以事周雖異然，要之為文武師，周西伯之脫羑裏歸，與呂尚陰謀修德，以傾商政，其事多兵權奇計。故後世之言兵，及周之陰權，皆宗太公為本謀。周西伯政平，及斷虞、芮之訟，而詩人稱西伯受命曰文王。伐崇、須密、犬夷，大作豐邑，天下三分其二歸周者，太公之謀計居多。
另外，在《說苑·指武》篇裏，還有細節的記載：“文王曰：‘吾欲用兵，誰可伐？密須氏疑於我，可先往伐？’管叔曰：‘不可，其君天下之明君也，伐之不義。 ’太公望曰：‘臣聞之，先王伐枉不伐順，伐險不伐易，伐過不伐及。’文王曰：‘善！’遂伐密須氏，滅之也。”討論到此，初步的結論已經有了：即太公投靠文王之年，最大的可能應是文王從羑裏回歸的初年，即公元前1056年。這年他是72歲；72加上1056，姜太公應生於公元前的1128年。
第三，是太公的卒年，相關的史料主要也是兩種。一是《史記·齊太公世傢》裏說：“蓋太公之卒，百有餘年。”一是《古本竹書紀年》記有“周康王六年，齊太公望卒”；《今本竹書紀年》記有“周康王六年，齊太公薨”。不難看到，司馬遷的說法是“蓋”字當頭，無從追索；而《竹書紀年》的記載卻是定位明確，毫不含糊。問題是，《竹書紀年》的這一記載，可信程度又如何呢？須得作進一步的考證。
衆所周知，出土於西晉汲郡（今衛輝市）古塚的《竹書紀年》，宋代時已經亡佚。今天所流行的本子，無論是“今本”還是“古本”，都是後人依據西晉以後的各種史籍匯集而成，難免真偽互見，參差不齊。不過，所幸的是，有關太公卒年的記載，卻是實證仍在，而且來路明確的。所謂實證，就是著名的“齊太公呂望表”碑文，碑文中有：“（晉）太康二年，縣之西偏有盜發塚而得竹策之書，藏書之年，當秦坑儒之前八十六歲……其《紀年》曰：‘康王六年，齊太公望卒。’參考年數，蓋壽百一十餘歲。”文中的“康王六年，齊太公望卒”，正是今、古二本匯集之源。原碑雖已丟失，但“下真跡一等”的拓片，各大博物館均有收藏。所謂來路明確，又包括兩個環節：一是該碑的落款清晰--“太康十年三月丙寅朔十九日甲申造”。太康十年是公元289年，距汲塚被盜的太康二年（一說太康元年或鹹寧五年），中間衹有八年。另據《晉書》束皙、荀勖、衛恆等人的列傳，《汲塚書》原為“蝌蚪文”竹簡，隨即被轉運收藏到了朝廷秘府，翻譯過程有相當的時間。立碑人盧無忌，應是在京都洛陽的秘府，親自目驗了那支（或為兩支）“四十字”⒀的牘簡。碑文中有“太公之裔孫範陽盧無忌，自太子洗馬來為汲令”的文字，可為佐證。二是秦始皇的焚書坑儒為公元前213年，“秦坑儒之前八十六歲”是在公元前299年，也就是說，《汲塚書》確是在地下埋了近六百年的戰國真跡；周“康王六年，齊太公望卒”，至少確是戰國時期，約略與荀子同時的魏國人的看法。
查核夏商周斷代工程年表，周康王六年是公元前1015年，太公的享年應為公元前1128年--1015年，即113歲。它和“齊太公呂望表”中所說的，“ 蓋壽百一十餘歲”也是相應而不悖的。此外，還可以參照《呂氏傢譜》、太公故裏（今衛輝市太公泉鎮）人對始祖太公的祭祀，續加說明：太公的誕辰是農歷八月初三，冥誕是農歷十月二十。一生經歷了商武乙、文丁、帝乙，帝紂和周武王、成王、康王等七代王朝，服務了包括殷帝乙、紂王和周文王在內的五位帝君。可以說，不但在中國歷史上，而且在世界歷史上，也是絶無僅有的。
唐叔虞是成王的同胞幼弟。《左傳·昭公元年》說：“唐叔虞。當武王、邑薑方震太叔，夢帝謂己：‘餘命爾子曰虞，將與之唐；屬諸參，而蕃育其子孫。’及生，有文在其手，曰：‘虞。’遂以命之。及成王滅唐，而封大叔焉。”《史記·晉世傢》說：“武王崩，成王立，唐有亂，周公誅滅唐。成王與叔虞戲，削桐葉為圭以與唐叔曰：‘以此封若。’史佚因請擇日封叔虞。成王曰：‘吾與之戲爾。’史佚曰：‘天子無戲言。言則史書之，禮成之，樂歌之。’於是遂封叔虞於唐。唐在河、汾之東，方百裏，故曰唐叔虞。”我們姑且不論故事中的“神話”部分，是當時的人編造或是其後不久的人附會。還是同樣的理由，若說唐叔也係和武王年齡相仿佛的後妃所生，就更不易解釋：何以武王和該王後結婚二十年內（時間或許還更長）一直未曾生育王子，而是過了四十歲卻一生再生？現在，若是把王後定位於晚嫁的邑薑，就簡單多了。邑薑正當青春年少，先生了成王，隔年又生唐叔虞，完全是順理成章的事。
小結
夏商周斷代工程在决斷武王伐紂時間和相關各王年表時，儘管充分考慮了文獻學方面的因素，但未必能把姜太公的享年問題作為重點溶入其中。我們另闢蹊徑，着重引入大姒和邑薑兩個人物，推斷出的太公享年，能和一些重大事件以及王年協調，既能說明自己的結論接近史實，也能從一個小的側面說明新年表的可信。
歸納以上探討可以小結以下三點：一是文王的享年為六十二歲（公元前1112--1050年），即位之年為公元前1101年，兩年後“帝乙歸妹”，再過三年生武王，武王的享年合於五十四歲；受命之年（公元前1056年）為五十六歲，合於“文王受命為中身”的記載。二是考定了太公的生辰為公元前1128年，即殷武乙二十年農歷八月初三，卒於公元前1015年，即周康王六年農歷十月二十日，享年113歲，排除了諸如“生於殷庚丁年間”等種種不實的說法。三是連帶探討了邑薑適嫁武王之年，不但為金文斷代中的“王薑”問題提供了新的佐證，也為流傳了三千年的“桐葉封弟”故事開闢了思路。當然，這裏僅僅是一些比較粗淺的認識，真正的結論，還有待於專傢們更為全面而深入的研究。
註解
⑴焦安南、李建義的《姜太公傳》（泰山出版社 1998年）擬訂的太公享年是“約公元前1155--1045年”，即110歲；郭慶良等六人合著的《軍事傢、政治傢姜太公》（姜太公故裏實業開發公司印贈本）擬訂的是公元前1160--1021年，即139歲。前書的作者為山東日照人，後書的作者為河南衛輝人，均言其家乡為太公故裏。另據盧美鬆編著《中華姓氏譜·盧姓捲》（現代出版社、華藝出版社 2002年）稱：“據《古本竹書紀年》載：‘周康王六年（公元前1073年），齊太公望卒。’故有人推算，姜太公出生約在殷王庚丁六年或七年（公元前 1212年）。”由此， 對太公享年的認識，可見一斑。
⑵見夏商周斷代工程專傢組編著：《夏商周斷代工程1996--2000年階段成果報告》世界圖書出版公司北京公司 2000年。
⑶前者見《孫子兵法·用間篇》；後者見《孟子·離婁上》、《孟子·盡心上》等篇。
⑷有關太公結識文王一事，筆者曾撰有《姜太公遇合文王探真》一文，認為有一個“三就三離”的過程。這裏所指，應是《史記·周本紀》、《太公六韜·文韜·文師篇》裏說的，太公在渭水之陽釣魚時遇文王的那次。
⑸（美）倪德衛：《武王剋商之年研究·西周之紀年》北京師範大學出版社 1997年。
⑹王 暉著：《商周文化比較研究·附錄二·季歷選立之謎與貴族等級名號傳嗣製》人民出版社2000年。
⑺參見楊朝明著：《周公事跡研究》中州古籍出版社 2002年。
⑻這句話及相關的文字，來自《藝文類聚·捲六十六·産業部下·釣》轉引舊本《說苑》，為今本《說苑》所無。
⑼見inter網《姜尚，八十人生始崢嶸》zhongqin .8u8.netjsjjs.htm_95k。
⑽見寶雞旅遊網辦公室@《姜子牙釣魚臺旅遊區解說詞》管理員郵箱：hjly@haoji.gov.cn 。
⑾鬍厚宣鬍振宇著：《殷商史》（上海人民出版社2003年）轉引王仲孚：《牧野之戰紂軍‘七十萬’試釋》。據鬍文稱“作者遍尋《史記》各篇有關‘七十’、 ‘七十餘’、‘七十二’的六十條記載，認為‘絶非實錄，殆可斷言者’不勝列舉。”於是，也可以知道，這一研究，也是適用於古人之年齡討論的。
⑿“同夢說”有人以為最早來自《齊太公呂望表》，不確。可參閱1999年吉林人民出版社出版的《楚辭章句補註》。
⒀“一簡四十字”說，見荀勖《穆天子傳序》。可參閱《山海經·穆天子傳》嶽麓書社 1996年。
⒁劉曉東等校點：《帝王世紀·山海經·逸周書》遼寧教育出版社 1997年
⒂王尚義：《山西太原建都至今已有四千四百七十年·唐叔虞世傢及太原晉祠》光明日報 2003年9月17日。
⒃北京師範大學國學研究所編：《武王剋商之年研究·西周年代新考》北京師範大學出版社 1997年。
【評論】
姜子牙在世的年代，正是殷商走嚮衰亡、地處商朝西的一個屬國周逐漸上升的時期。姜子牙聽說周伯姬昌施行仁政經濟發達政治清明社會穩定大得人心便很想為興周滅商一展雄纔大略而此時姬昌也正在為治國興邦而廣攬人才於是姜太公便下定决心，離開了商朝，不辭勞苦，來到了周的領地渭水之濱，終日以釣魚為生，其實是在觀察世態的變化，尋找大展宏圖的機會。據說，姜子牙釣魚用的是直釣，魚當然釣不上來，所以纔有“姜太公釣魚，願者上鈎”的說法 。
姜子牙用了幾十年的功夫，勤學苦讀，孜孜不倦地研究探索，可謂上通天文，下通地理，學識淵博。尤其對歷史和時勢的研究更是駕輕就熟如今當了姬昌的太師可以說是厚積薄發運籌而遊刃有餘對內他幫助姬昌製定了一係列發展經濟的政策如：實行“九一租稅製”，即農人租用公田，衹繳納九分之一租稅的低稅制度；給大大小小的官吏“分地”，作為官吏的奉祿，而且子孫可以承襲等。這樣，就調動了農人在官田上努力生産、官吏們自覺地搞好本人分地生産的極性，極大地促進了生産力的發展，為有朝一日興兵伐紂奠定了穩固的經濟基礎。對外，姜子牙協助姬昌實行光養 晦薄禿孤立瓦解的政策對商王他表面上表現得 謙和恭順一心事殷 使商王誤以 為周是最可靠的屬國姬昌 是位忠心的伯而 在暗中卻采取種種手段，拉攏爭取殷商王 朝的其他屬國使殷 商越來越孤 立結果許多諸 侯國和部落陸 陸續續地棄殷而投周，到了後來，殷商雖名為天子，而真正附屬於他的屬國、部落卻連三分之一都不足了。這樣，就又為最後消滅紂王，創造了有利的外部條件。
可惜的是，姬昌未能實現滅紂的願望，便撒手歸西了。姬昌死後，他的兒子姬發繼位，這就是周武王（姬昌死後被追封為周文王姬發繼位亦繼志繼續為興周滅商而努力他拜姜子牙為國師並號稱為師尚父姜子牙也不改初衷，繼續全力輔佐姬發以圖大業。有一天，武王姬發問姜子牙：“我打算減輕刑罰而又能樹立我的權威，少施行一些賞賜而又能使人們從善，少頒布一些政令法規而民衆又都能自覺按一定的規範行事。請問師尚父，怎樣做才能實現這一點呢？”姜子牙說：“如果你殺了一個人就能使一千個人害怕而不再犯罪，殺兩個就能使一萬個人害怕而不再犯罪，殺三個人就能使三軍軍威大振那麽你就把他們殺了如果你賞了一個而使一千個人高興賞兩個人而使一萬個人高興賞三個人而能使三軍上下都高興，那麽你就賞他們；如果你能通過法律條令約束了一個人而使一千人遵照執行，那麽你就用這法律法令去約束他；如果你能通過禁止兩個人的錯誤行為而使一萬個人不再去做，那麽你就去禁上；如果你能通過教育三個人而使三軍上下都受到教育，那麽你就去教育。總之，能夠殺一個而懲戒上萬人，賞賜一個而激勵更多的人，這纔是有道明君的權威，幸福之所在啊！”武王姬發聽了，頓開茅塞，照着姜子牙的話去做，時時慎於刑賞，力求令行禁止，使周朝的政治更加清明，背叛殷商而依附周室外的人越來越多，出師伐紂的日子已經指日可待了。
這時周朝已羽翼豐滿國勢日隆而殷商王朝已出現了土崩瓦解之勢。特別是殷商王朝統治集團內部 發生了內忠臣良將被殺的 被殺被囚的被囚外逃的外逃降周的降周姜子牙審時度勢，認為伐紂的時機已到便親任主帥統領大軍以吊民伐罪為號召，聯合諸侯各國出兵直取商都。經過牧野一戰，大敗商軍，迫使商紂王連夜出逃，與妃子妲己投火自焚於鹿臺。中國歷史上的殷商王朝至此也便宣告滅亡了，姜子牙終於完成了扶周滅商的宏圖大業。
由於姜子牙在興周滅商中建有殊功，武王姬發把姜子牙封到了齊地，成為周代齊國的始祖。姜子牙勵精圖治，終將齊國治理成為春秋戰國時期五霸七雄中的強國之一而由於姜太公的雄纔偉略更被後人稱為中國謀略傢的開山鼻祖司馬遷就曾說後世之言兵及周之陰權皆宗太公為本謀。”（《史記·齊太公世傢》）在我國著名神話小說封神演義中，說姜太公曾在昆侖山從元始天尊學道，後來是奉師命下山輔佐周室的。在起兵伐紂時，也是通過許多道術之士與紂軍鬥法而完成興周大業的。這其實是把姜太公這個歷史人物神化了。
《易·係辭傳》：神農氏繼包犧(伏羲)氏之後而興起，初以農業和商業貿易教天下。黃帝、堯、舜氏繼神農之後相繼興起，仍以羲、炎之道化民使宜，教以“窮則變，變則通，通則久”，中華民族賴此道不斷發展壯大、繁榮昌盛起來。所以炎帝、黃帝被認為是中華民族的共祖，中華民族自稱為“炎黃子孫”，也本於此。
炎帝神農氏姜姓，“當是所謂東夷者也”；黃帝軒轅氏姬姓，“當是所謂華夏者也”。由此可知，姜姓氏族是炎帝之後，固為東夷的土著民族。姜尚姜姓，是炎帝後裔，東夷土著。炎帝之後，先後興起的共工、蚩尤、伯夷和逄伯陵等東夷姜姓氏族的著名首領，都是姜尚的先祖。共工任智刑霸諸侯，蚩尤以武力威天下，伯夷典三禮而立五刑，都成為姜尚必然傳承的先德舊業。東夷主要指齊地。伏羲始畫八卦，故“陰陽的信仰起於齊民族，……(陰陽學)是齊學的正統”；“黃老之學起於齊 ”，所謂因
“四時之大順”和“治各有宜” (鬍適《中國中古思想史長編·齊學》，華東師範大學出版社，1996年。) 等政教思想早已萌生於東夷齊地，也是姜尚必然受熏陶、就教化的文化傳統。
唐、虞時期，伯夷為四嶽而封國於呂，姜姓族人微而復振。姜姓有邰氏女姜嫄生後稷，為周人的始祖，是弘揚神農氏“耕農”之業的第一人，堯舉以為“農師”。夏、商之際，伯夷子孫在中原的封國--申國和呂國已開始衰落。申為姜尚祖先的封國。氏族勢力衰落，在中原難以立足，故姜尚的先人又舉族遷回水草肥美、溫濕適宜的東海老傢。當時，東夷姜姓氏族依然興旺。逄伯陵作為姜尚的先祖，立國於齊，一度稱強。逄伯陵氏女是周太王的正妃，史稱太薑，生王季，即周文王之父。薑、姬亦世有
姻親。
商朝從帝祖甲開始，不時對東夷用兵。到帝武乙，為掠奪人口、牲畜及其他財物，商人侵犯東夷的戰爭不曾停歇過。逄伯陵建立的齊國歷300年後因屢受攻伐趨於衰落。東夷姜姓呂氏族人都隨之衰微。帝乙更以侵略夷方(東夷)和盂方為專務。帝辛頻“徵人方”(東夷)，多次“為虐於東夷”，就成為姜尚目睹耳聞的事實了。
商人對東夷人發動的多年的侵略戰爭，遭到了東夷人的堅决反抗。為此東夷人付出了極大的犧牲：族人戰死或被擄去當奴隸，牲口和財物被大量搶走或毀壞掉。這些觸目驚心的事實使姜尚逐漸認識到了“殺人安人”“攻其國，愛其民”“以戰止戰”的重要性和必要性。
姜子牙少壯窮睏卑賤，直到老年纔遇文王、武王，得展抱負，是所謂大器晚成的典型。他先後垂釣、賣食、屠牛、賣卜，是婦之逐夫，又是不售的傭役，久處最下層，苦心志，勞筋骨，餓體膚，“空乏其身，行拂亂其所為”，人間辛酸無不體味，世上冷暖盡已備嘗。
許由是古代的高士。孔子將姜尚同許由相比：“許由，獨善其身者也；太公，兼利天下者也。”以拯橫流、利天下為己任，所以姜尚久求進身用世的機遇而不以獨善其身為足。姜尚走遍各地，盡訪諸侯，尋祖跡於申、呂故地，觀風俗於夷、夏舊族；他幾度出入周國、殷都，如岐陽、豐邑、孟津、朝歌、牧野等地，多次回顧商湯、夏桀的成敗得失。他以演《易》之術教西伯於羑裏，並教西伯脫身羑裏之囚；又勸西伯獻洛西之地，以換取紂王廢止炮烙等酷刑。但直至文王渭水訪賢以後，姜尚方纔開始了他“兼利天下”的大業。歷代典籍對太公歷史地位的公認，充分說明了其在中國歷史中的重要地位和其思想理論的博大精深。
【姜太公祠】
位於臨淄永流鎮張傢莊太公衣冠塚北側。太公呂尚，字子牙，號太公望，東海人，呂姓姜氏，世稱姜太公，公元前11世紀封於齊，為齊國第一代國君。他在任期間，“通商工之業，便漁????之利，人民多歸齊，齊為大國。”卒葬於周，齊人思其德，葬衣冠於此。衣冠塚墓高28米，南北長50米，東西寬55米。1993 年，臨淄區在太公衣冠塚北側建姜太公祠，建築面積98平方米，主殿為歇山式挂廊配殿，各三楹，現為名人書畫展廳。主殿供奉着姜太公彩繪聖像，殿壁有反映姜太公貧睏生涯、避紂去商、習武著書、牧野大戰、封齊就國、破菜爭丘、太公治齊、懲治不訓、周王授權、傳子歸國等到不平凡一生的壁畫。
【姜太公後裔姓氏】
姜太公後裔姓氏繁多，大致上有以下姓氏：姜姓、呂姓、丁姓、高姓、齊姓、盧姓、邱姓、丘姓、慶姓、賀姓、桓姓、查姓、柯姓、年姓、柴姓、崔姓、駱姓、章姓、聶姓、國姓、高堂姓、太公姓、盧蒲姓、淳於姓、厲姓、易姓、青姓等等。
釣魚臺：（南皮）縣城西五公裏處有一村，名釣魚臺（1983年劃入泊頭市）。相傳商代紂王，荒淫無道，建築鹿臺。下大夫姜子牙直言相諫，觸怒紂王，欲殺子牙。子牙氣憤逃走，隱居此地，常在水邊釣魚。周文王訪知子牙乃賢士，遂以禮相聘。封為太師。因輔佐文王之子武王伐紂滅商有功，封為齊侯。後來，把姜子牙垂釣的地方和村名，稱為釣魚臺。——引自河北省《南皮縣志》第九篇《民情習俗》第940頁。
"Zhaolie Wu Cheng Wang," late-bloomer
Jiang Taigong in our history is a longevity of people, Jiang Taigong death, back weeks and buried, buried in King Wen, King Wu's tomb next to the. At that time the provisions of the Zhou dynasty, Jiang Taigong V are returned within the week and the funeral, was buried only after V Qi. In the Tang and Song dynasties ago, Jiang Taigong be labeled God of emperors, Wu Tang Suzong seal Jiang Taigong to become king, when Emperor Song, but also for the Zhaolie Wu Cheng Wang Feng Jiang Taigong. To the Yuan period, the civil right Jiang Taigong added some myths and legends. Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Zhonglin created the "Gods" novels since then, Jiang Taigong from person to become a God, and for civil widely believed.
Jiang Taigong Fishing
Bloomer is a renowned ancient Chinese historical figures, while Taoism and folk in his status was higher. He was born in a noble family, the ancestors of fiefdoms called Lu, so he is also known as Shang. Jiang Ziya was born in Shandong Rizhao, intelligent young age. It is said that he could predict the world will take place in the event.
Shang dynasty, was a late-bloomer where the King Zhou was a cruel man who ruled during the war continued, in order to escape the fighting, a late-bloomer to the seclusion of Liaoning in northern China for 40 years, and later came to the Northwest Shaanxi Province Zhongnanshan. There, he often went to the Weihe River to go fishing, but the three years he did not catch a fish, and he hooks or straight. People are laughing at him, he did little, so there is a proverb in China called Jiang Taigong fishing, you take the bait. Amazingly, he was really catching a fish, the fish's belly there is a art of war book. More coincidentally, the same evening, Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC -8 century) JI Chang King Wen of Zhou had a dream, a dream, a GAO Ren. The next day, he met a late-bloomer. Late-bloomer to the King Wen of Zhou about his personal life, King Wen was on to defeat the enemy establish the dynasty and collecting talent, so I said to him: My first Zutai Gong hopes you already. Therefore, later generations called him looking for the grandfather, the general called him in civil Jiang Taigong. King Wen to his high position, and with his help, the elimination of the Shang Dynasty. Various dynasties in China after the establishment of a temple for him, but also legendary Taoist immortal heaven he had.
1, Jiang Taigong life and his birthplace of historical research
About Yan Jiang Taigong to 54 generation descendant, descendant of Boyi 36. For the King Wen of Zhou, King Wu, Cheng Wang, Kang four generations of Grand Preceptor, King of Qi, Jiang's wife name applicant, a total of 13 sub (D, Wang, year, Qi, Fang, Shao, Luo, Ming, Qing, easy, yet, its , Jordan), King Wu Feng Jiang Fei female eup, Queen. BC in 1211, Ding Yan Chaogeng eight have been born in this unitary Rizhao City, Shandong Province; Wuchen 1072 BC, the Zhou Kang six years, died in the capital of Gao Jing Zhou, Shou-year-old 139 years old. Tomb mound is located in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, Zhou Ling Township, 1 km from the Tomb of the text; Linzi, Zibo City, Shandong Province, Jiang Taigong cenotaph inside the temple there.
Jiang Taigong half-humble, do not choose the main event, wandering uncertain, but he tempted Ren Xing, observe the weather, wait time, I finally found out the main, his assistant, JI Chang, virtue and moral integrity Zhenwu, in order to Xing Zhou. Zhou King Wu, great-grandfather was army, division, Makino war, poverty business Sheng Zhou, established a deal in. Weekly packet, Jiang Taigong been called Qi Guojun Lord, he running the country well and created a great country, legacy still exist, with continued generation after generation, for the later the Duke, "nine co-princes, one Marina the world", a Five Powerful Chiefs of The first and laid the foundation.
The birthplace of Jiang Taigong, different literature, mainly the East China Sea and Hanoi say that.
"From Lou on Mengzi," said: "the provision of Zhou Boyi, the highest North Sea coast, ... ... grandfather provision of Zhou, ranking the East China Sea ... ... 2 old man, elder world also." "Lu first time" articles said: "The grandfather look, the Yi people in too." Gao You, "Spring and Autumn when the first" chapter, said: "grandfather Wang, Hanoi people." "the Book Grading and three" note cited "naturalist in mind," says: "grandfather Lvwang are out today with the East Lu village. Also fishing in the spine-chun, the pump this deposit." "The Truth of Wunshuei" Cloud: "(Wunshuei) also had Chunyu County, North West, so after the summer Family of Zhen Guan States. King Wu of Zhou Chunyu to seal the public, Hao Yue Chunyu country. "" Shui Jing Zhu Qi by "saying:" State of the East 100 60 Ju Dong Lu village there, spine-chun in Langya sea song grandfather is hoped that out. "" The Truth of "drawing too temple inscription reads:" grandfather Wang, Hanoi drain people. "He said what to do, according to historical and contemporary experts of Dynasty, said that under the East China Sea is more conclusive. Dong Lu village as the birthplace Jiang Taigong. Ancient Lu, Ju is the word of this, Abdullah Gul as the country name of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, Ju County, Shandong Province now. Dong Lu village, East Lu in the east of the Ju Cheng, Rizhao City, Shandong Province this case. Han Zhang, "Natural History" clearly marked: "Music City, the Eastern Lvxiang Dong Hai Lu, the great-grandfather is hoped that out also." Han's "Sea Song 'was now the" sunshine. "People today in College Qingdao on Jiang Taigong Ji made a specific Dynasty. He said: "Yan If Qu" Four Books release to continue, "saying: 'After the Han Langya China Sea Qu County, Liu Chao-cited" naturalist in mind note, "saying: grandfather Lvwang are out today with the East Lu village. Also fishing on the spine-chun, the pump this deposit. Also in Qinghe County spine jincheng State Hirokawa, Lang Ya sea elements and learn when in the song, this city is definitely not. I said that sea-song Old City, "Tong Dian," said East in Ju County, the home that day grandfather provision of Zhou East China Sea is its home. Han Cui Yuan, Jin Li Lu loudly, "Qi Taigong monument" that ji xian people who mistake. "(" Lou on Mengzi Yi Zhu ") and on the grounds, and even correct. In other words, Jiang Taigong was born today in eastern Yellow Sea in Shandong Province of sunshine, Ju County area, it Sima Qian also said" the East China Sea Master 'meaning. According to Qi Guoguo all, today's Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province Historical records Jiang Taigong born in Rizhao City today. According to Jiang Taigong branch clan descendants Romer World Studies (including South Korea and other foreign Romer) Historical records, Jiang Taigong born in Rizhao City, Shandong. China today is one of the highest authority of Jiang Taigong, a famous Chinese National Defense University professor, Jiang Taigong descendants of Mr. Jiang Guozhu, after years of research, confirmed Jiang Taigong born in Rizhao City, Shandong Province.
Also be noted that in 4000 years ago, Rizhao City, two towns (18 km from the city), is Asia's largest city. This is the American archaeological expert with Shandong University in the field for half a year-long joint investigation concluded. Jiang Taigong as a great man born in this culture developed areas, should be more reasonable. After comprehensive research analysis, Jiang Taigong place of birth should be Rizhao City, Shandong Province.
"The Truth of" drawing too temple inscription reads: "grandfather Wang, Hanoi drain people." "Spring and Autumn when the first" chapter, said: "grandfather Wang, Hanoi people." "Historical Records" Qi Taigong family ":" grandfather along Lu Wang persons, the East China Sea Master. "Hui Hanoi city is the county in the Republic of China before 1988, formerly known as ji xian. Hui and the East China Sea near the similar "North Sea" the names, there are inscriptions as evidence. Western Jin Ji Jiang Taigong county unearthed specifically set to "learn the Geographical Distribution of Wei." (Lu Hui City grandfather Springs Village)
Second, the historical position Jiang Taigong
Jiang Taigong a rough life, but more vigorous grinding, mysterious, really be called original, strange, strange man. Looking great-grandfather's life achievements, in terms of military, political, economic thinking, there has been an outstanding contribution, especially in the military's most significant, it Sima Qian made "the words of soldiers and weeks later the yin of the right to seek all of these great-grandfather-based" called military strategists of the originator, the hotbed of the military.
The history of China Jiang Taigong a wise, all-powerful figure in China's literary scene is a "high, big, full" image, or the Chinese on the altar of a deity on the altar. As a religious god, he is Fukatsu, Pallas, was regarded as a "grandfather in this, let yourself go," the blessings of the gods.
Lord of Tan from the ancient Zhou Dynasty, it was expecting to be a saint ... ... a force to ensure national security, the text can be more capable of ruling the country, to assist Zhou Yin Xing weeks off to achieve the task, so were great-grandfather as a "grandfather look" to the ruling King Wu When used "Master Shang Fu" proportionality, respect elite pet to be added. Great-grandfather of the life of King Wen, "teacher" or "Grand Preceptor" is the Western Zhou Dynasty "Three Opens" in the highest office, both the main army, but also political issues. Have a "third world, the other week who go, grandfather of the majority to seek dollars," the statement indicates the great-grandfather's place in the Zhou Dynasty in weight.
Jiang Taigong is a full of military strategy in the upright ministers and extraordinary political, military strategist, has been under the rulers of those advocating it in the "Book of Songs" and other historical materials before the Tang Dynasty and many literary works eulogy.
Emperor Taizong's reign, with invasion of foreign barbarians, not in addition to suffering, political turmoil, the state government to be faced with 100 random, undone the situation, to achieve "Anren Li country" purpose, then claimed he was Jiang Taigong of incarnation, it set up so the temple in the Bo River, a move he used to tell people that he wanted to reuse as Emperor Wen's visit to Yin Jiang Taigong like he eventually good will, he was persecuted by a large number of State Peace and Prosperity management talent, finally realized the "Golden Years." Emperor for the sake of domestic peace, need to do as Jiang Taigong Piganlidan, painstaking, diligent loyalty to the victim's talent, easy Kaiyuan 19 years (AD 731) Decree of the world states were too various build a temple. And asked to share with Zhang Liang, in the Spring and Autumn Zhongqiu sacrifice on the E day. When his troops apprenticeship or the generals and the civil and military juren Ying Zhao, must first go to the temple paid homage too. Inception 20 years (AD 739) to recover posthumous Jiang Taigong for "Wu Cheng Wang", a Chinese "military" saint. Ancestor Xining five years (AD 1072) for the crown against foreign invasion, ordered that all military commanders must-read "grandfather Art of War." Sima Qian in "Historical Records", said: "The week off Youli Hebrew Chang, and Shang conspiracy virtue and moral integrity to the dumping business administration, more than military power and the Church being to design, so the words of soldiers and weeks later the right of all of these great-grandfather-based anion plan, "which established the creation of military strategy theory of the Chinese nation Jiang Taigong pioneer ancestors status.
1972, Linyi, Shandong Yinqueshan from Han tombs unearthed in the early years of the "Tragic Hero" disabled, Jane, to collate all survive in the world today, "Tragic Hero" version and this note shows that the "Tragic Hero," a book, Han ago in popularity, and rejected the "Tragic Hero" is still the ancient pseudo-Tolu was suspected, further confirmed the theoretical writings in the military Jiang Taigong is true. His military theory, in political, economic Struggle in the ideological aspects that we have left for future generations the rich legacy of indelible, People have called him the art of war Sixiang the ancestor of a well-deserved!
Grandfather rule, established the "because of its vulgar, Jane the ceremony, the industry trade workers will benefit fish and salt," the law of the land, in the history of Qi centuries, from generation to generation, produced a huge influence, established the Qi Culture in history.
Great-grandfather has passed away 3000 years, the people in the worship of his noble character, mourning his great achievements, in order to fabricate a simple emotional story of many of his praise of his myth. Hill said he had studied with in Kunming, after weeks of instructions from teachers to help destroy lives down the business, eliminate business teacher ordered results to be published later Bong Gods. This is the "Tai Ping Yu Lan" and "Gods in mind" and other books, and gradually his deified. Ming Xu Zhonglin respect to the grandfather for the indescribable face of God when they compiled the one of "Gods," he said to control all the world God's God, and great-grandfather's magic and majesty, to become the idols of expelling righting the. Although this exceeded the historical truth, but it reflects Jiang Taigong high status in people's minds.
Third, Jiang Taigong thinking
Shang (Jiang Taigong) and far-reaching strategy for sandwiches. He was not only open up the Western Zhou Dynasty hero, and his assistant, King Wen, King Wu, Cheng Wang, Kang 4 toward the patriarch, the country has accumulated rich experience in promoting social development and progress. He's thinking, theory, practice is profound.
1, the originator of military strategy, eternal God of
Jiang Taigong as the originator of strategy, eternal God of its strategy for beetles, by country and the military, management of customs of the people of, the policy, the art, are to lay a good foundation for future generations, and praise for the Chinese nation , follow.
Military thinking about the works of Jiang Taigong the "Tragic Hero", "Tragic Hero" to grandfather A King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of the question in the form of writing, the book includes Wentao, Wu Tao, Lung Tao, Hu Tao, Tao Bao, dogs Tao six parts, a total of 60. "Yin Fu Jing," "grandfather Art of War," "grandfather Golden," and so on, but the existing few. The military of military strategy, war strategy, tactics and tactics, military construction, war preparations, thinking of clever, deep, so valuable, is that his comprehensive, creative, pioneering, he is not simply the military terms of the military, but high degree of intelligence from the philosopher, to clever political vision, political and military, military rule and reason closely integrated, integrated on it. This makes his military military strategy, and strategy rather comprehensive, profound, penetrating nature, and thus for the ancient philosopher, statesman, military strategist the thrust to weight, and had a huge impact. "Tragic Hero" as the great ancient Chinese military writings, in the Song Dynasty is listed as "Seven Military Classics" one, as a martial art textbook, as the generals are a must-read book on military strategy. 2000 Over the years, "Tragic Hero" and other "weapons by" the same, from the Qin to the modern time, people comment, explain, collation, extolled, tap their thoughts here nor profound meaning, drawing its ideological essence, enduring, far more Shing , full of brilliant ideas of its value and enduring vitality. We should cherish this precious historical and cultural heritage, so that even more brilliant in the new era.
2, Machiavellian thinking
"Beetles text Tragic Hero Teacher" Finally, a Jiang Taigong's words: "great-grandfather said: the world of a person of non-dominated world of people of the world is too. The same thing in the world who will have the world interests." This is the grandfather of "conspiring to repair German for Business and Government to pour, "Zhou Xing off the biggest business is the most fundamental ideological trickery. Because, the largest trickery than to overthrow the Shang Dynasty, the establishment of the Chou dynasty, and the establishment of state power to take odd military strategy is fundamental. This idea, in addition to "literary teacher", at "Fat Kai", "Man Kai", "Shun Qi" and other articles also have repeatedly discussed this truth. Grandfather blocked Qi, Qi established after the implementation of the fundamental principle is "the world in one person the world, is also the world people of the world" mentality. Can be seen, Jiang Taigong that human nature is evil dead music Health, good German and return profits, revenue-producing activities that provide tempting to give moral, virtue and morality who can do it, you can make the whole world hath. Therefore, the monarch should be of interest for profit world, the harm to the world harm to the world of music for the music to the world of health for the service. Only by virtue and morality for the world Hennessy pesticides, people with common interests to the world, with life and death, of hardship, of joy, so that we can close embrace, consolidation of the people, so that peoples hearts, to please. Based on this understanding, "Six Strategies," stressed the monarch to line benevolence and virtue, Ze and the people, not the mob, abuse the people, for the Yier people by. Only thus can the people with the king the same boat, owned by Dai Guojun. This thinking also carry out the practice of Qi to achieve this idea. It is all the other military strategists do not have. Therefore, "Tragic Hero," a book of the above, and Jiang Taigong thinking of military strategy in line.
3, Oi thought
Loving way, that is, the road to righteousness, virtue and moral integrity Huimin, so that people kimono. Such as the grandfather said: "Respect for the public, meet their parents. Respect the public are cooperation, meet their parents are happy, is that the virtue of discipline. No people won Ru Wei, because tomorrow, along its often. Shun any who by morality, by force of Ni Zhe must. Jingzhi is no doubt that the world kimono. "In other words, to respect public opinion, respect and love people, polymerization clan, line benevolence give justice, would be the support of the people love, so to make the world kimono, you can keep soil, solid state and TONGJI. Therefore, the Gateway service the world who do not have full-time force, not perverse and violent people, and should take righteousness oriented and strive for virtues ban violence. This is Jiang Taigong and "Tragic Hero" pay attention and not light weapons Wentao slightly, taking the country as a whole is concerned with the military genius of. On his country civil benevolence, Shiren Zheng, re-educate, because folk, smooth feelings. This has fully demonstrated the political governance Jiang Taigong starting point and destination places are for loving. "Six Strategies Wentao State": "A great-grandfather said: 'advantages than disadvantages, as without fail, students without killing, and no wins, but no bitterness, no anger hi.'" From above, we not difficult to see, "loving" the depth of thought, in the Qin military, political and feudal ruler, the only Jiang Taigong have such a profound "love the people" thought. But also by the Jiang Taigong in Qili Guo, the truly "loving" adhered to the practice of nation-building go, this is the policy of enriching the people of Qi.
4, cis-thinking people
Jiang Taigong know that "people are the foundation, solid country which the people," the truth, there are people there country, no people were to speak of any country. Therefore, he pushed for citizen-centric, benevolent people shun the idea. Soon the people is the "re-people" and "your people." If the monarch, the ministers and officials at all levels, not people-oriented, to the civil for the service, the bell peel, maiming people, will make the public mind and heart away from the, rebellion of the counter. Jiang Taigong through their long stay in the hand of people in Shi Li, constantly watching, well-researched, expensive for the people Wei, China-based in the Si Xiang have a deep understanding, and establish a solid sense of the People, so he coming out before and Among the founding of the country are always people-oriented, a benevolent government, rein in the people, so that all people's hearts. On how quiet and stable world, Jiang Taigong said: Heaven has its own operating rules, the people have their own daily life cause. Anson monarch with the common people, the world is on the quiet, the people on the stability of the. The best politics is due to folk, to govern the people along, followed by publicity enlightenment, a sense on behalf of the people. People are taught, by the probation, they will obey the decree, so that the growth of Heaven by doing nothing to everything, all success, people need to give the rich can own, that is, control the world of noble human morality, is the fundamental reason everything for doing nothing located.
5, the virtuous thought
"Beetles on the Yin Tragic Hero": "A great-grandfather said: 'able and virtuous military power Chang, not virtuous, soldiers die weak.'" Virtuous thought, in Jiang Taigong after the establishment of Qi, but also formally included in one of the founding principle that "the virtuous and the power."
6, six observe treasures
7, 9 House won France
Jiang Taigong monetary policy, mainly his government won nine developed method. The so-called "won nine House Law," Reappraisal "Note": "A" week official "big government, Jade House, within the government, outside the House, Spring House, Tianfu, grade, the grade gold, coin purse functional currency are The official, Gu Yun nine government. won all the links that also. "Jiang Taigong established" won nine House Law, "is to use administrative means to ensure a balanced flow of economic goods and reasonable access to the continuing circulation of coins and cloth, poly San suitable, no Ji Zhi, no shortage. Country to the rich, the people in the foot.
"Nine House" is "the official coin purse." Charles "Zhou" and "nine House" of functions, is that "through money, easy availability."
Jiang Taigong's financial and economic policies and financial management systems, not only for the Zhou Dynasty of economic management, economic supervision, tax collection, allocation, preservation and other goods to establish a complete and strict management system, management system, but also a powerful state of Qi, for the Duke and Guan Zhong's "Nine co-princes, one Marina world" laid the foundation for dominance. Jiang Taigong's way of making money, financial management policies, namely income and reduce expenditure of the system, are enriching the people way for eternal country prosper the right path, everything is not easy for Governance, it is for eternal law.
4 and lasting importance, future generations praise
Jiang Taigong moral exploits for posterity by the esteem and praise. He was to become a god by the people included in the first immortal, says he can do anything they want, so that God served ghosts; was he revered as "the art originator"; Sarkozy called him "the day of Qi Extreme" and so on. Ancient poets, philosophers intellectual disability, military strategists samurai, all the text in the poetry of, book on military strategy in war policy, to express feelings, praise for me. View grandfather left them, or historical sites and express has Chi, or grandfather deeds as far as the extension has been on, celebrate their successes.
In the "Book of the Ming" wrote:
Makino ocean, Tan cars Huang Huang. Si Yuan Peng Peng, Victoria Division Shangfu. When Victoria Ying Yeung, cool he King Wu. Wantonly cutting big business, will move Ching Ming.
Praise poetry in many of his achievements Jiang Taigong highly general, the evaluation should be considered "Gods" Xu Zhonglin author of the "ginger Marshal praise":
Six Strategies to stay as king of the industry, Miao Suan mystery can not be poor.
Future generations will phase out into the industry, cutting crime of hanging people power forever.
Strategizing bullying wind, pressure Laopeng Reinforcing Yin and Yang.
Ancient armies and divisions for the first, direct and Tai Lung reputation.
On Jiang Taigong life lasting importance, not only praise poetry, and literary classics, history, and more have praised.
Jiang Taigong emphasis on people not only his work and intelligence value, but also a very respected his noble personality and relentless fighting spirit, his memory of justice, of civilization have been pursuing; difficulties, he does not retreat, not humiliation, not bow; Hunger does not care; sink, he did not yield; high, he refuses to accept the old, and their ideals, beliefs and unwavering pursuit. Is never too high aspiring, in good time "so excited old man," a model. He will always be proud of the Chinese people.
Age of test】 【Jiang Taigong
One great-grandfather at the age of the general scope of
However, recently saw an article online called "Jiang Taigong of longevity," the article (see Xinxiang history and culture column), but has a completely different opinion, stated:
Mr. Gu Jiegang's "grandfather look on life" that recorded in ancient documents of Jiang Taigong few years of life are YOU Shi Qi's alone make the Warring States period. "Grandfather" intent to "old man", but later generations mistake grandfather is long life, much like PANG names of "ancestors", I name in the "old", on the misconception that Peng Zu, I was over eight hundred (like should be 80 years old) age. And from the "Book of the Ming", "Makino ocean, Tan cars Huang Huang, Si original Peng Peng, Victoria Division Shangfu, when Victoria Ying Yeung" in the description of the war scenes and the fighting of the fast Yong situation, the nine-year-old elderly can not do. So guess Gu, Jiang Taigong the war in Makino, about 30, finally 80 years old.
We believe that, in order to grandfather the specific age-depth study, first of all need to have a broad scope, and that, say, "Jiang Taigong the war in Makino, about 30, finally 80 years old", it is difficult to Letter from the people, the obvious reason that at least the following four points:
First of all, that grandfather longevity "are YOU Shi Qi's alone make the Warring States Period" is wrong. As we have previously held, Xun Zi, Wei Liao Zi, Mencius, and Chu Yuan, who are the Warring States Period, they have said grandfather longevity, but no one is "YOU Shi Qi" were.
Second, only according to "Book of Poetry Ming dynasty" in the poem "Victoria Division Shangfu, when Victoria Ying Yeung," the description, they think, "Jiang Taigong the war in Makino, about 30", is clearly thought component too many. Campaign battle in history came out of people too numerous to mention. Moreover, "Ying Yeung" is probably still the key to the implementation of a "rate" is the word; grandfather himself, not necessarily to "body first halberd axes" of.
Third, said, "Jiang Taigong the war in Makino, about 30" in fact means that in the case of King Wen Jiang Taigong time is about two years old. This and other books not only compatible, but also unreasonable. For example, the great-grandfather's experience and military strategy come from? "Lu teeth in Yin" and "grandfather avoid Zhou, home of East China Sea" ⑶ how to explain? Especially the great-grandfather's daughter, Yap Kang as "Week Princess" (details later), and no wait.
Fourth, the "Family Records Qitai Gong," Li said, "build great-grandfather of Death, 100 have years", compared to Xun Zi, Yuan and others say even longer, if there is any other data, such as Qi's "Historical Records "-" Let's ride "category. Because, Sima Qian is not likely to see "Bamboo Annals drain mounds book," said Li, Qi Taigong died six weeks Kang.
In short, the "Wei Fishing" ⑷ may encounter when King Wen of Zhou of Jiang Taigong positioned an old man and his age of more than initially located in a century, both are reasonably inferred from, or from the historical data in the light, some have more appropriate .
Second, the reign of King Wen of the time
To further study Jiang Taigong the age, need to define a "frame of reference" is the reign of Emperor Wen of the time. Because of current knowledge, but only the reign of Emperor Wen of the state, and Jiang Taigong's life have more clear "line in" relationship.
The fifth decade reign of King Wen is scheduled to BC in 1050, many events can be clear and reasonable explanation. The first is the time of King Wen reign title. In the past, the Makino war of the "ten year" (or 10 years), is the eleventh year of King Wen, King Wu's reign, reign title or eleven years has been outstanding. Now, the King Wen positioned throughout the year 1050 BC, King Wu came to the throne is tantamount to excluding the reign title "10 year" possibilities. Because, from 1101 BC to 1046 BC King Wu came to the throne of King Wen Ke business in the middle also 50 years, is no place for five years together with the ruling of King Wen King Wu reign title "10 year", a total of 60 a year.
Four great-grandfather at the age of Dynasty
To determine the age of Jiang Taigong, we thought to be key issues to be discussed, in fact, mainly three: the grandfather to the West, the year when King Wen join their differences, age? Second year is BC's what year? Third, grandfather and died in what year? Turn to the first question, "Xunzi Jun Road Chapter" he said:
King Wen Fu Gui Qi is also non-free, non-free children also, non-free will does not exist also, Ti is a natural person who held great-grandfather used in the state, not at private for too zai! That the pro-evil? Is also surnamed Zhou, Er Bi surname Jiang also. That it is false? The lesser known each other too. That good Liye? Mrs. annual meetings are seven Shiyou Er, and completely forgetting the teeth fall carry on.
Next, in "Loving," where there "that Johnson Yeah, the great-grandfather 72 years, unaware teeth fall carry on" and almost the same words, different only the "State" and changed "boat people." Then later, "Historical Biographies funny," where a similar argument:
"Poetry", saying: "drum bell at the palace, grievous things; Heming in Gao, grievous day. Gouneng self-cultivation, and hang it not wing." Grandfather's commitment in virtue and seven years, every King to get out their said. Feng Yu Qi, seven hundred and not absolute. The reason of this disability and for further studies diligently day and night, way street, not stopped.
Historical data from the three can be seen in Xun Kuang, Han Ying and Sima Qian's view, great-grandfather see age at the time of King Wen, is 70-year-old. In particular, Xun Kuang, although for Zhao, but had three as "Jixia leaders", their words must be derived from Qi or Qi Code. So, this "found" and other related books can be compatible with it? We said yes. For example, "said park" there, "Lv Wang Wei on 70 fishing in Example" ⑻ words. "Said park Zunsian" there: "grandfather hope, therefore out of woman s husband also, Chaoge of Tu Zuo also, spine-chun, also welcoming the Scheeren, 70 years, but with weeks 90 and seal Qi." Here "70-year fishing in the Wei River Example," "In 70 weeks, while the phase" in the 70, for Department of integers, it can look at them as about the number. Another example is "Wei Liao Zi Wu proposed article," there: "grandfather looking 70 years, cattle carcasses Chaoge, sell subsidized food league, over 70 more than the Lord does not listen to everyone that the husband is also crazy. And the case of King Wen , then put 30,000 of the people, a battle the world will, non 'Wu Yee' safety can have this cooperation? "Here" over 70 more than the Lord does not listen to "post" and the case of King Wen, "in support of the grandfather surrendered when 70-year-old King Wen. Of course, different versions have mainly two. One is the "grandfather 80 and the case of King Wen," We thought this to be relatively recent, many of whom have exaggerated the nature of the literature. Such as Li Bai, "Liang Fu Yin," where there is "Do not you see old man speech spine Chaoge Tu Jin, 80 West to fish Weibin" sentence, the argument is also put their faith in the presence of historical ⑼, or the "ginger grandfather when he was 80, three "as historical application ⑽, the unworthy had. Second, some people claim, "'70' '72', '70 I' are non-specific figures, is the ancient Chinese said that the 'Most Great Promise' for a mysterious figure" ⑾. Implementation of the age, as mentioned earlier, that is the meaning of the ancients to indicate the elderly and not representative of Jiang Taigong age, great-grandfather was the age should be much smaller. We think that, to reduce 70 year-old age, or 23 years old, may not affect the image of great-grandfather an old steed, even from the physical that has more common sense, such as the time of World War II he Makino more younger. However, imagine that a number alone, neither newly discovered historical support, but also in conflict with existing literature, I am afraid that is unworthy.
Yan Shang So although different things week course, as to the civil and military divisions, the Hebrew of the week off Youli go, and Shang conspiracy and virtue, to tilt for Business and Government, being to odd dollars more than military power. Therefore, the words of soldiers later, and weeks of overcast right, all of these great-grandfather-based plan. Zhou Hebrew political level, and breaking Yu, Rui of the defendants, and ordered to say the Hebrew poet, King Wen said. Fire worship, to be close, dog Yi, Daisaku Fung Yap, the other third of the world who return week, grandfather of the majority to seek dollars.
In addition, "said Court, military means," article, the details are recorded: "Man the Neo: 'Wu Yu military forces, who may be cutting?'s Doubt in my secret to be the first to cutting?' Guan Shu said: ' not, the wise king is also the world leader and comfort, cutting the unjust. 'grandfather Wang said:' Chen Wen of the old king is really regrettable that not cutting along cutting, cutting risk of not cutting easy cutting and not cutting off. 'Man Yue-:' Good! ' then cutting close to's, off of things. "discuss this, preliminary conclusions have been made: a grandfather seeking refuge with King Wen of the year, most likely should be the return of King Wen in the early years from the show the way, that in 1056 BC. That year he was 72 years old; 72 plus 1056, Jiang Taigong should be born in BC in 1128.
Third, is the grandfather of Death, is also related to two major historical. First, the "Family Records Qitai Gong," Li said: "The cover grandfather died, and 100 have years." First, "the ancient of the Bamboo Annals" record of "King Kang of Zhou six years, Qi Taigong look Death"; "This year the Bamboo Annals "Remember the" King Kang of Zhou six years, Qi Taigong pass away. " Is not difficult to see, Sima Qian's statement was "covered" putting the word no means of recourse; and "Bamboo Annals" is positioning the record clear and unambiguous. The question is, "Bamboo Annals" of the records, the credibility of what? Be subject for further research.
As we all know, the Western Jin Dynasty unearthed in the county drain (this Hui City) ancient tomb of the "Bamboo Annals", the time of the Lost Song. Today's popular book, whether it is "now this" or "ancient", these are the descendants of various historical records according to the Western Jin Dynasty after the drops, the authenticity of unavoidable cross, uneven. But, fortunately, the record year too Gongcu, but it is still positive, but a clear origin. The so-called evidence, is the famous "Qi Taigong Lvwang table" inscription, the inscription has: "(Jin) Tai Hong of two years, the county issued the west side have stolen derived from bamboo policy mounds book, books of the year, when the Qin Kengru before the 80 year-old ... ... the "Annals", saying: 'Kang years, Qitai Gong Wang Death.' reference to the number of years, hundred and ten years covered life. "text in the" six-Kang, Wang Qi Taigong Death ", is now , the source of the ancient two together. Despite the loss of the original monument, but "under the authentic first class" rubbings, have been collected by major museums. The so-called clear origin, but also includes two aspects: First, clear the monument's inscription - "Tai Hong Moon on the 19th March of Bing Yin Jia Shen made." Tai Hong decade AD 289, were stolen from the tomb of Tai Hong Ji years (some say the first year or Tai Hong Xianning five years), with only eight years. According to "Book of Jin," Beam Xi, Xun Xu, Wei Heng and others biography, "origin of weird book" originally "Ke Douwen" bamboo slip, then been transferred to the court collection of secret government, the translation process for quite some time. Markers were Lu loudly, should be the secret of Luoyang in Kyoto Prefecture and personally experience the project that support (or two) "40 words" ⒀ of Du Chien. Inscription in the "grandfather of origin Sunfan Yang Lu loudly, to the drain from Taizixima order" of the text, for support. Second, Emperor of Fenshukengru as 213 BC, "before 80-year-old Qin Kengru" is 299 BC, that is, "origin of weird books", is buried in the ground for nearly six hundred years Warring States authentic; Week "Kang six years, Qi Taigong Wang Death", is indeed at least the Warring States period, roughly the same time of the Wei and Xun Zi's view.
TONG Shuk King Cheng Yu is a fellow his little brother. "Zuo Zhao Gong first year," said: "Tang Shuyu. When King Wu, Yap Kang Fang Zhen Tai Shu, that God has a dream: 'I ordered Hill Master said, Yu, Tang will be with them; are various parameters, and Fan Yu of their children and grandchildren.' And student of the text in their hands, saying: 'Yu.' then submitted the order. and become the king destroyed the Tang, and Yan Feng uncle. "" Jin Records family, "said:" King Wu Beng, as Wang Li, Tang has chaotic Don Duke Zhumie. Cheng Wang and Shu Yu opera, cut and TONG Shuk-FE could be served as Guyana to say: 'If this seal.' Please fix a day for the history of Yi Feng Shu Yu. into the Neo: 'I play with Seoul.' Shi Yi said: 'Son of Heaven no joke. made the history books of, the ceremony of, Songs of.' So then sealed the Tang Shu Yu. Don River, east of Fen, square hundred miles, twenty years before and Tang Shuyu. "Let us, regardless of story "The Myth" section, was the person who fabricated or shortly thereafter will be attached. Or the same reason, if that King Wu TONG Shuk also age-like system and the Empress were born, the more difficult to explain: why King Wu and the queen married 20 years (time and perhaps more) had not been birth prince, but after 4-year-old is a lifetime renewable? Now, if the queen married to Yap in the late orientation ginger, much easier. Yap Kang just too young, sir, a Cheng Wang, the following year gave birth to Tang Shuyu entirely a matter of course.
Summary
Chronology Project and the determination Validity time and chronology related to the king when, despite the full account of the philology of factors, but the problem may not be able to Jiang Taigong the age of the main points of as one. We open a new path, focusing on the introduction of large Si and ginger eup two characters, the great-grandfather at the age inferred, energy and some events as well as the king of the coordination, both close to the historical facts to explain their conclusions, but also a little side note from the New Year table credible.
Comment
⑵ see Chronology Project Expert Group L: "Chronology Project 1996 - 2000 year phases results report," World Publishing Company in 2000 Beijing.
⑶ former see "The Art of War between the articles with"; the latter, see "Mencius Lou on" and "Mencius dedication to" and other articles.
⑷ meet the great-grandfather King Wen concerned, I had written as "King Wen Jiang Taigong hazard Probing the Truth" article, that there is a "three on three off" process. Referred to here should be "Historical Records Zhou Ji," "s Six Wentao Shi and articles" in that, and grandfather fishing in the case of Yang Wei of King Wen of that.
⑸ (U.S.) David S. Nivison: "the year of King Wu of Zhou grams of Business Annals," Beijing Normal University Press, 1997.
⑹ Wang Hui: "Shangzhouwenhua Appendix II Comparison of the election calendar quarter of mystery and nobility established grade Si Chuan name system" People's Publishing House in 2000.
⑺ see Yang Chaoming with: "deeds of the Duke of Zhou," Central Plains Ancient Books Publishing House in 2002.
⑻ this statement and the related text, from "art class together Juanliu 16 men fishing industry," quoted the old version, "said park", as this this, "said Yuan," the no.
⑼ see inter net "Jiang Shang, 80 life before emergence" zhongqin .8 u8.netjsjjs.htm_95k.
⑽ see Baoji travel office @ "late-bloomer Commentary Diaoyutai tourism" Administrator E-mail: hjly@haoji.gov.cn.
⑾ Houxuan Hu Zhenyu Hu was: "Shang History" (Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2003) cited in Wang Fu: "Battle of Zhou Jun Makino '700 000' Interpreting." According to Wu said, "anywhere to be found on" Historical Records "of various articles on '70', '70 I', '72' of the 60 records that 'not Record, Scots who can claim' victorious list." So , they can know, this study also apply to an old age discussion.
⑿ "with the dream that" some people think the first from "Qi Taigong Lvwang table", not really. Jilin People's Publishing House can be found published in 1999, "Songs of the South up note."
⒀ "a simple 40 word" said, see Xun Xu, "Biography of order." Can be found in "Shan Hai Jing Biography" Yuelu Tract Society in 1996.
⒁ Liu Xiaodong and other school point: "Shan Hai Jing Yi Zhou imperial century book" Liaoning Education Press, 1997
⒂ Shang-Yi Wang: "a capital Taiyuan has been 4470 years and Taiyuan Jinci Tang Shuyu family" Guang Ming Daily September 17, 2003.
⒃ Beijing Normal University, Research Institute of Chinese Studies: "the year of King Wu of Zhou Ke Business New Survey," Beijing Normal University Press, 1997.
【Comments】
Jiang Ziya's alive, it is the Shang Dynasty's demise, a vassal state located in the Shang Dynasty Western Zhou period of gradually rising. Bloomer heard Chow Pak JI Chang benevolent economic development and political stability Qingming would have won popular support for the Xing Zhou would like to show off such thing at a time when business JI Chang is also the country prosper and lined up for the talent it was Jiang Taigong determined to leave the business North Korea and worked, came to the shore of Wei Zhou's territory, to fishing for a living all day long, in fact, is the change in the observed state of the world to find great ambitions for the opportunity. It is said that a late-bloomer fishing using a straight fishing, fish catch of course is not up, so only "Jiang Taigong fishing, you take the bait" argument.
Bloomer with decades of effort, academic studies, to study diligently explore, indeed, on through astronomy, geography under the pass, knowledgeable. In particular, research on the history and current situation is very much at home now when the JI Chang of the Grand Preceptor can be said to Accumulate Operations Research and its capability to internally develop a series he helped JI Chang-economic development policies, such as: implementation of "91 rental tax", that is, Farmers lease public land, only one-ninth of the tax paid low tax regime; to the major and minor officials, "fen", as officials of Feng Lu, and future generations can inherit the other. Thus, mobilization of the efforts of farmers in the government land on the production, officials were consciously doing a good job I fen production of polarity, greatly promoted the development of productive forces, the army attack Zhou Xing one day to lay a solid economic foundation. Externally, a late-bloomer to help JI Chang-ray support the implementation of the collapse of dark thin bald isolation policy Shang He was modest, humble performance of the surface of a mind to Shang Yin mistaken week is the most reliable was a loyal vassal JI Chang-Bo in the dark has adopted various means to draw for other vassal state to the Shang dynasty, the Shang increasingly isolated result, many vassal state and tribal land after another vote to abandon Yin and Zhou, later on, though, called the Shang emperor, but really attached to his vassal state, not even one-third less than the tribe. In this way, then for the final destruction of the King Zhou to create a favorable external conditions.
Unfortunately, JI Chang failed to realize the aspirations of eradicating Zhou, then pay a lot of food. JI Chang's death, the succession of his son Ji Fa, that is, King Wu of Zhou (JI Chang died and was bestowed the throne as King Wen of Zhou Ji Fa also continue to Xing Zhou Ji Zhi efforts to destroy his business thanks to a late-bloomer, and known as the National Division for the division Shangfu bloomer not change his mind and continue to map the full adjuvant Ji Fa cause. One day, King Wu Ji Fa asked a late-bloomer: "I intend to reduce the sentence and I can establish the authority of the implementation of some reward but make fewer people from good, less number of decrees and regulations issued by the public they can consciously act according to certain specifications. Will the division Shangfu, what to do to achieve this? "late-bloomer, said:" If you kill one person can make a thousand individuals fear instead of crime, killing the two can make the 10 000 individuals are no longer afraid of crime, killing three people can make the army will be boosted by the three services then you put them to kill if you reward a person happy to reward Ershi 1000 2 and thus incurring a 10 000 personal pleasure tours up and down three people and are happy to make the three armed services, then you reward them; if you can pass a binding legal regulations and thus incurring a thousand people followed and implemented, then you will use this law to decree to bind him; if you can pass the error against two million individuals a result of actions do not, then you go on the ban; If you pass the education up and down three Ershi armed forces are subject to education, then you go education. In short, while the punishment could kill a thousand people, reward and encourage more people to one, this is the proper way could maintain the authority of happiness lies ah! "King Wu Ji Fa heard, Dunkaimaosai, according bloomer so to do, always careful to criminal reward, and strive to abide by regulations, to make the political more Ching Ming Chou, betrayed the Shang and Zhou Outdoor dependent more and more people, no cause for cutting the days of the Zhou.
Chou has fledgling country then the situation has grown and has appeared in the Shang Dynasty is collapsing. Shang dynasty, especially within the ruling group within the loyal good place to jailed prisoners killed killed flight flight drop-week drop weeks bloomer size up the situation, that the time has come to cutting Zhou any coach will guide the pro-people army to hang Cutting crime to call the joint lords to take business direct all countries to send troops. After Makino War, defeated the military business, forcing companies to flee the night King Zhou, and concubine Daji cast fire burning in the Lutai. The Shang dynasty in Chinese history to this too will be declared shattered, and a late-bloomer finally completed the business supporting the week off great cause.
"Yi Jing Chuan": Rustic following package sacrifice (Fu Xi) s after the rise in early trade, agriculture and business to teach the world. Huang Di, Yao, Shun Shen Nong's after following the successive rise, still Xi, Yan Tao of people to wish to teach the "poor are changed, change the pass, General Clauses for a long time," the Chinese nation depends on this for continuous growth and prosperity up. So Yan, Huang Di is considered the common ancestor of the Chinese nation, the Chinese call themselves "Chinese people", also this here.
About Yan surname Jiang, "When is the so-called Dong Yi who is also"; the Yellow Emperor Huangdi's surnamed, "When is the so-called China who are." From this, the clan is the surname Jiang Yan Emperor, the solid is Dongyi of indigenous peoples. Jiang Shang surname Jiang, is a descendant Yan, Dong Yi indigenous. Yan was performed after the rise of the total workers, Chi, Bo Ling Feng Boyi and other well-known leader of the clan surname Jiang Dong Yi are Jiang Shang ancestors. Chilean workers were either criminal tyrant lords Chi to Wu Liwei world, standing Five Penalties ceremony Boyi Code 3, have become the first German Jiangshang bound to inherit the old industry. Mainly refers to Qi Dong Yi. Fuxi began painting gossip, the "yin and yang of faith from the Yu Qi national, ... ... (yin-yang school) is the orthodox school of Qi"; "Early Han Dynasty from the Yu Qi", the so-called because
"4:00 great Shun" and "rule should have" (Hu Shi, "The Long History of Chinese medieval thought Qi study", East China Normal University Press, 1996.) Other political and religious ideas have already sprouted in Eastern Yi Qi, it is also Jiang Shang must be nurtured, the cultivation of cultural traditions.
Tang, Yu period for the Si Yue and Feng Boyi country in Lu, surname Jiang clan micro vibration undone. Surname Jiang Yuan-Jiang have Tai's female students Hou, ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, is carrying forward the Shennong "cultivators" of the industry's first person, Yao held that "agricultural division." Xia, Shang occasion, Boyi and children in Central China's tributary states - States and Lu Shen has started to decline. Application for the closure of state Jiang Shangzu first. The decline of the clan forces, to gain a foothold in the Central Plains, so Jiang Shang ancestors cite family moved back to plants plump, temperature and humidity of the East China Sea suitable home. At that time, the Yi surname Jiang clan is still thriving. Pang Bo Ling as Jiang Shang ancestors, founding Yu Qi, once said that strong. Pang Bo Ling's women are too Zhou Fei Wang's is known to history too ginger, Health and Wang Ji, that is, the father of King Wen of Zhou. Jiang, Ji is also the world have
Affinity.
Zu Jia Shang Dynasty started from time to time use military force against Dong Yi. To the Emperor Wu B, for the plunder of population, livestock and other property, businessmen never stop the war in violation of Dongyi had. Pang Bo Ling Qi established 300 years after the calendar due to frequent attack the wane. Dong Yi Lu people all subsequent decline surname Jiang. Di Yi Yi side more with aggression (Eastern Yi) and the glenoid side for the Specialist. Di Xin frequency "hiring party" (Eastern Yi), many times "for the child in the Dong Yi", the witness heard a Jiangshang the facts.
Businessmen who launched the Dongyi years of aggressive war, was a strong resistance Dongyi people. Dong Yi people pay for this great sacrifice: Serbs killed or taken captive as slaves, livestock and property were looted or destroyed a large number of out. These startling facts make Jiangshang come to realize the "kill Anren" "attack their country, love its people," the "war to end the war," the importance and necessity.
The young poor lowly late-bloomer, until old age before they met King Wen, King Wu, may develop vision is typical of the so-called good time. He has fishing, selling food, slaughter cattle and sell divination is by women of the husband, no sales commission is served, the lower of the most long, bitter aspirations, labor bones, hungry body skin, "depletion of their body, Line fu chaos it is ", without exception, human bitter odor, do warm and cold the world has been blazing.
Temple】 【Jiang Taigong
Last Name】 【Jiang Taigong descent
Jiang Taigong many descendants of surnames generally have the following names: the surname Jiang, surnamed Lu, Ding name, high surname, Qi name, surname Lu, Qiu Xing, Qiu surname, Qing name, surname He, Huan name, surname search, surname Ke , in name, Chai surname, surname Cui, Luo name, chapter name, Nie surname, country name, Diocese last name, grandfather name, surname Lu Po, Chunyu name, surname Li, Yi Xing, blue name and so on.
Diaoyutai: (Nanpi) County Office, a village 5 km west, were the Diaoyutai (classified Botou 1983). According to legend, King Zhou of Shang Dynasty, dissolute without Road, Building Lutai. Respect under the doctor admonished the late-bloomer, angered King Zhou, Yu Sha Ziya. Ziya angry escape, retreat here, often in the water to go fishing. Emperor Wen's visit is to know Ziya Magi, then submitted with appointment ceremony. Labeled Grand Preceptor. Validity off by his assistant, commercial paper prince active, labeled Qihou. Subsequently, the late-bloomer and fishing village where the name called Diaoyutai. - Quote from Hebei Province, "Nanpi County," the ninth chapter, "public sentiment custom" p. 940.