gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū
sū lián
( 1931niánsānyuè2rì～ xiànjīn)
| mǐ hā yī 'ěr · xiè 'ěr gài yé wéi qí · gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū |
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mǐ hā yī ' ěr · xiè ' ěr gài yé wéi qí · gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū （ é yǔ： МихаилСергеевичГорбачёв， 1931 nián 3 yuè 2 rì －）， chū shēng yú 'é luó sī nán bù sī tǎ fū luó bō 'ěr fù jìn， shì sū lián zhèng zhì jiā， cóng 1985 nián zhì 1991 nián tā shì sū lián gòng chǎn dǎng zhōng yāng wěi yuán huì zǒng shū jì， hái céng jīng dān rèn sū lián zuì gāo sū wéi 'āi zhù xí tuán zhù xí（ guó jiā yuán shǒu） hé sū lián guó fáng wěi yuán huì zhù xí（ wǔ zhuāng lì liàng zuì gāo tǒng shuài）。 tā zài zhí shí qī de zhèng cè dǎo zhì liǎo lěng zhàn de jié shù， wèicǐ tā yú 1990 nián huò dé nuò bèi 'ěr hé píng jiǎng， dàn tā de gǎi gé zhèng cè yě shǐ dé sū lián jiě tǐ。
gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de tóu shàng yòu yī gè xiǎn zhù de tāi jì， wéi qí guǎng wéi rén zhī de wài mào tè zhēng。
zǎo nián jīng lì
gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū nián qīng shí zài mò sī kē dà xué xué fǎ xué bìng zài nà lǐ rèn shí liǎo tā hòu lái de qī zǐ lài suō（ yòu yì léi suō， tā yīn huàn bái xuè bìng 'ér yú 1999 nián qù shì）。 1953 nián 9 yuè tā men jié hūn， 1955 nián gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū bì yè， liǎng rén yī tóng huí dào gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de gù xiāng。
1952 nián 21 suì de gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū jiā rù sū lián gòng chǎn dǎng， 1966 nián tā 35 suì de shí hòu tā yòu huò dé liǎo nóng yè jīng jì xué jiā de xué wèi， cóng cǐ tā qīng yún zhí shàng。 1970 nián tā yǐ chéng wéi nóng yè bù bù cháng， cì nián bèi xuǎn rù sū lián gòng chǎn dǎng zhōng yāng wěi yuán huì。 1972 nián tā dài lǐng yī gè dài biǎo tuán fù bǐ lì shí， liǎng nián hòu tā dāng xuǎn wéi sū lián zuì gāo sū wéi 'āi dài biǎo yǐ jí qīng shàonián shì wù zhí xíng wěi yuán huì zhù xí。 1979 nián tā jiā rù sū gòng zhèng zhì jú。 zài zhèng zhì jú nèi tā rèn shí liǎo tā de tóng xiāng、 kè gé bó shǒu lǐng yóu lǐ · ān dé luó bō fū。 ān dé luó bō fū zài cǐ hòu shù nián nèi chéng wéi gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de zhù yào tí bá zhě。 tā zài dǎng nèi de dì wèi jǐyǔ tā gèng duō chū guó de jī huì， zhè xiē lǚ xíng hěn shēn dì yǐng xiǎng liǎo tā de zhèng jiàn hé duì shè huì de kàn fǎ。
mín zhù huà gǎi gé
kāng sī tǎn dīng · qì 'ěr nián kē sǐ hòu， gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū yú 1985 nián 3 yuè 11 rì dāng xuǎn wéi sū lián zuì nián qīng de gòng chǎn dǎng zǒng shū jì， shí jì shàng chéng wéi sū lián de dì yī bǎ shǒu。 tā shì tú tōng guò gǎi gé hé kāi fàng lái zǔ zhǐ sū lián gòng chǎn zhù yì de tuì huà， qí kāi shǐ biāo zhì shì 1986 nián 2 yuè zhào kāi de dì 27 cì sū lián gòng chǎn dǎng quán guó dài biǎo dà huì。
1988 nián gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū xuān bù sū lián jiāng fàng qì bó liè rì niè fū zhù yì， jiǎn shǎo duì dōng 'ōu guó jiā nèi zhèng de gān shè（ tè bié shì tíng zhǐ liǎo wǔ lì gān yù）， tā de fā yán rén jiāng zhè gè zhèng cè xì chēng wéi “ xīn nà qū zhù yì ”。 zhè gè zhèng cè dǎo zhì dōng 'ōu shè huì zhù yì guó jiā yú 1989 nián nèi fā shēng liǎo yī xì liè jù liè de“ zhèng zhì dì zhèn”（ dàn dà duō shì hé píng de gé mìng， zài luó mǎ ní yà què fā shēng liǎo bào lì shì jiàn）， shǐ chēng wéi“ dōng 'ōu jù biàn”。 dōng 'ōu jù biàn shí jì shàng jié shù liǎo cóng 'èr zhàn yǐ hòu cháng dá sì shí nián de quán shì jiè fàn wéi nèi lěng zhàn gé jú， wèicǐ gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū yú 1990 nián 10 yuè 15 rì huò nuò bèi 'ěr hé píng jiǎng。
dōng 'ōu mín zhù huà de tóng shí yě xuē ruò liǎo sū gòng zhèng quán de guó jì yǐng xiǎng lì hé duì guó jiā de kòng zhì néng lì， zuì hòu dǎo zhì liǎo sū lián de wǎ jiě。 1991 nián 8 yuè 19 rì， yī xiē bǎo shǒu pài zhèng zhì jiā hé yī bù fēn jūn rén chéng gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū zài kè lǐ mǐ yà dù jiǎ shí fā dòng liǎo“ bā yī jiǔ shì jiàn”， gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū bèi ruǎn jìn liǎo sān tiān， bèi shì fàng hòu fā xiàn tā de shēng wàng jiàn zhuì， ér dāng shí 'é luó sī jiā méng gòng hé guó zǒng tǒng de bào lǐ sī · yè lì qīn de shēng wàng dà zhǎng。 cǐ wài zhèng biàn hòu tā bèi pò jiāng dà bù fēn zhèng zhì jú chéng yuán chè zhí， yī bù fēn shèn zhì dài bǔ。
zǎo zài 1990 nián gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū jiù yǐ jīng yǐn rù bìng dāng xuǎn liǎo sū lián zǒng tǒng yī zhí， 1991 nián 12 yuè 25 rì dú lì guó jiā lián hé tǐ chéng lì hòu， tā bèi pò xuān bù lí zhí， sū lián zhèng shì jiě tǐ。
gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū yǔ lǐ gēn zǒng tǒng zài bái gōng tú shū guǎn
gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū guó nèi“ xīn sī wéi” de gǎi gé zhèng cè hé duì dōng 'ōu guó jiā nèi zhèng de xīn nà qū zhù yì， dǎo zhì liǎo lěng zhàn de jié shù hé sū lián（ hé sū gòng） de jiě tǐ， suǒ yǐ tā zài xī fāng guó jiā zhōng de shēng wàng hěn gāo。 dàn shì zài sū lián jiě tǐ hòu de yī duàn qī jiān， duō shù 'é luó sī rén de shēng huó shuǐ píng yòu liǎo bù tóng chéng dù de dàotuì， lú bù dà fú biǎn zhí， xíng shì fàn zuì yě dà liàng zēng jiā。 yòu rén rèn wéi gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de gǎi gé yīnggāi duì guó jiā de fēn liè mòluò hé de xǔ duō kùn nán fù xiāng dāng dà de zé rèn； yě yòu rén rèn wéi zhè shì sū gòng cháng qī tǒng zhì suǒ xíng chéng de gè zhǒng zhèng zhì jí shè huì jīng jì wèn tí jī zhòng nán fǎn de jiēguǒ， qí tā rén zé rèn wéi zhè shì yè lì qīn wèile gè rén quán lì méi yòu jìn xíng wán zhěng de zì yóu zhù yì shì chǎng jīng jì gǎi gé de jiēguǒ。 zài 1996 nián de 'é luó sī zǒng tǒng xuǎn jǔ zhōng tā huò dé liǎo 1% de xuǎn piào。
gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū xiàn jū yú mò sī kē。 lí zhí hòu de gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū bìng bù shí fēn dī diào。 zài luó nà dé · lǐ gēn shì shì hòu， tā dài biǎo 'é luó sī chū xí liǎo tā de zàng lǐ。 tā yě céng lián tóng yè lì qīn， pī píng pǔ jīng duì chē chén de wǔ lì zhèng cè hé tài dù piān lí liǎo mín zhù。 chú liǎo shí bù shí fā biǎo xiē zhèng zhì guān diǎn yì jiàn wài， tā hái shí fēn shí máo dì wéi bì shèng kè hé LV pí bāo pāi shè liǎo guǎng gào。 qí zhōng wéi LV pāi shè de guǎng gào zhōng， tā chuānzhuó xì tiáo wén xī fú hé dà yī， zuò zài lǎo shì hēi sè qì chē de hòu pái， wò zhe chē mén bǎ shǒu， shén qíng mù nè、 dòng zuò jiāng yìng。 zài tā de shēn bàng fàng zhe yī gè lù yì wēi dēng de xíng lǐ bāo。 tòu guò chē chuāng， tā kàn dào de shì pò bài de bólín qiáng， jiù shì měi guó zǒng tǒng lǐ gēn céng jīng yào qiú tā chāi chú de bólín qiáng。 cóng 8 yuè fèn kāi shǐ， zhè zǔ guǎng gào jiù zuò wéi 2007 nián lù yì wēi dēng jí tuán qiū dōng jì tuī guǎng huó dòng de yī bù fēn， lù xù chū xiàn zài gè dà shí shàng hé cái jīng lèi de bào kān zá zhì shàng。 yǐn qǐ liǎo guǎng fàn tǎo lùn。
chóngxīn chū shān
2008 nián 9 yuè 30 rì， 77 suì de gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū yǐ xuān bù， tā jiāng zài cí qù sū lián lǐng dǎo rén zhí wù 17 nián hòu zài dù jìn rù zhèng tán。
2009 nián 5 yuè 13 rì， gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū xuān bù zhǔn bèi chuàng jiàn 'é luó sī dú lì mín zhù dǎng。 gē shì yú 2002 nián zhì 2004 nián céng dāng xuǎn 'é luó sī shè huì mín zhù dǎng lǐng xiù， dàn shì gāi zhèng dǎng gēn jù 2007 nián 4 yuè 'é lián bāng zuì gāo fǎ yuàn de cái jué bèi pò jiě sàn， dāng nián 10 yuè gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū dāng xuǎn quán 'é luó sī shè huì yùn dòng“ shè huì mín zhù dǎng rén lián méng” zhù xí。 gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū yú 2009 nián 5 yuè 13 rì zài jiē shòu 'é luó sī guó jì wén chuán diàn xùn shè jì zhě cǎi fǎng shí xuān bù：“ wǒ men dé chū jié lùn rèn wéi， guó jiā yīngdāng yòu zhè yàng de yī gè zhèng dǎng， xīn zhèng dǎng chéng lì chàng yì wěi yuán huì de gōng zuò yǐ jīng dé dào liǎo guó jiā xǔ duō gōng mín de zhī chí， mù qián yǐ shōu dào 1 wàn duō rén de zhī chí xìn。”
píng jià
shì rén duì yú gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de píng jià chéng liǎng jí fēn huà de qū shì。 yòu rén duì qí jìng yǎng zàn měi， yòu rén zé duì qí kǒu zhū bǐ fá。 zài lì shǐ de mí wù shàng wèi sàn jìn zhī shí， shì tú“ gài guān dìng lùn” wéi shí guò zǎo。 duì yú gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū hé sū lián jiě tǐ， huò xǔ zhì shǎo hái yào zài guò hěn duō nián cái kě néng yòu gè bǐ jiào kè guān huò bǐ jiào yī zhì de kàn fǎ。
hěn duō rén， tè bié shì zì yóu zhù yì zhě hé qīn měi qīn xī fāng zhě， rèn wéi gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū cù jìn liǎo sū gòng jí quán tǐ zhì de hé píng wǎ jiě， jié shù liǎo quán shì jiè fàn wéi de lěng zhàn duì zhì jú miàn， kān chēng wěi rén。 cóng 'é luó sī lì shǐ fā zhǎn de hóng guān jiǎo dù kàn， gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū kāi chuàng de shì yī gè dà de gǎi gé shí dài。 sū lián jiě tǐ hé gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū tuì chū lì shǐ wǔ tái， zhǐ shì dài yòu gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū yìn jì de yī gè gǎi gé jiē duàn de jié shù， ér tā zhī hòu de yè lì qīn yǐ jí xiàn zài de pǔ jīng， bìng méi yòu zhōng duàn yóu gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū suǒ kāi shǐ de gǎi gé。 gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū 、 yè lì qīn hé pǔ jīng sān wèi tǒng zhì zhě suǒ jìn xíng de gǎi gé suī rán zài jù tǐ nèi róng hé fāng fǎ shàng yòu hěn dà de bù tóng hé chā yì， dàn shì tā men de gǎi gé zài zhōng jí mù biāo shàng shì xiāng tóng de， jí yào bǎ 'é luó sī gǎi zào chéng wéi yī gè xiàn dài huà de mín zhù guó jiā（ bù guò gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de chū zhōng shì sū lián de mín zhù shè huì zhù yì huà）。
2004 nián 6 yuè 11 rì， gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū （ zuǒ） yǔ jiā ná dà qián zǒng lǐ mǎ 'ěr luó ní、 yīng guó qián shǒuxiàng sǎ qiē 'ěr fū rén chū xí luó nà dé · lǐ gēn de zàng lǐ
gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de jīng jì gǎi gé suī rán shī bài liǎo， dàn tā jié shù liǎo sī dà lín mó shì gāo dù jí zhōng de jìhuà jīng jì tǐ zhì hé shè huì zhù yì gōng yòu zhì tǐ zhì， yǐn qǐ liǎo shè huì duì suǒ yòu zhì xíng shì hé shì chǎng jīng jì rèn shí hé guān niàn de hěn dà gǎi biàn。 yīn cǐ， jīng jì gǎi gé wéi sū lián chuán tǒng jīng jì mó shì xiàng duō zhǒng suǒ yòu zhì xíng shì hé shì chǎng jīng jì de zhuǎn biàn chuàng zào liǎo tiáo jiàn。 zài xiàn zài de 'é luó sī， jìn guǎn rén men zhèng jīng lì zhe jīng jì zhuǎn xíng shí qī de gè zhǒng tòng kǔ， dàn shì duì yú bāo kuò sī yòu zhì zài nèi de gè zhǒng suǒ yòu zhì xíng shì hé shì chǎng jīng jì de rèn shí xiǎn rán yǐ jīng jí dà dì shēn huà liǎo。
hěn duō rén， tè bié shì qīn gòng chǎn zhù yì zhě hé 'é guó de mín zú zhù yì zhě， rèn wéi gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū shì 'é luó sī de mín zú zuì rén hé gòng chǎn zhù yì de pàn tú。 tā men rèn wéi gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū de guò yú cǎo shuài、 tuō lí shí jì de duì nèi duì wài gǎi gé zhèng cè， yǐ jí tā duì xī fāng tè bié shì měi guó de jìn hū yòu zhì de guòfèn xìn lài， dǎo zhì liǎo sū gòng wáng dǎng de yán zhòng hòu guǒ， é luó sī de zōng hé guó lì hé rén mín de shēng huó shuǐ píng yě shì yī luò qiān zhàng， zhè xiē dū wán quán wéi bèi liǎo tā jiàn shè“ mín zhù de shè huì zhù yì sū lián” de chū zhōng， yě bèi pàn liǎo gòng chǎn zhù yì shì yè， kě yǐ shuō shì wán quán shī bài liǎo。
xī fāng yī bān duì gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū yòu hěn gāo de píng jià， gē shì zài 1990 nián huò dé nuò bèi 'ěr hé píng jiǎng， 2006 nián 7 yuè， zài yīng guó、 fǎ guó、 dé guó、 yì dà lì、 xī bān yá wǔ guó dídí mín yì diào chá biǎo míng， ōu zhōu dà bù fēn jū mín rèn wéi gē 'ěr bā qiáo fū shì bǐ pǔ jīng yōu xiù de guó jiā lǐng dǎo rén， qí zhōng zhī chí qián zhě de yòu 59%， zhī chí hòu zhě de zhǐ yòu 12%。
Mikhail Gaiyeweiqi Gorbachev (Russian: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв, 1931 年 3 月 2 -), born near Stavropol in southern Russia, the Soviet politicians, From 1985 to 1991 he was general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee, also served as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) and the Soviet Union, President of the National Defense Commission (Armed Forces Supreme Commander). Policy during his service led to the end of the Cold War, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990, but his reform policy also makes the Soviet Union.
Gorbachev was young and at the Moscow University Law School, where he met his future wife, Raisa (also translated Resa, she suffering from leukemia and died in 1999). They were married in September 1953, Gorbachev graduated in 1955, the two together back to Gorbachev's home.
Konstantin Chernenko's death, Gorbachev on March 11, 1985 was elected general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's youngest, in fact, a Soviet top-level officials. He tried to reform and opening to prevent the degradation of Soviet communism, which began in February 1986 marked the 27th meeting of the National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
As early as 1990, Gorbachev had introduced and was elected to the post of President of the Soviet Union, December 25, 1991 after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, he was forced to leave the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union.
May 13, 2009, Gorbachev declared Russia's independence of the Democratic Party ready to create. Gorbachev in 2002 to 2004 and was elected leader of the Russian Social Democratic Party, but the parties under the April 2007 ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation was forced to disband, Gorbachev was elected in October that year the whole Russian social movements "Social Democrats Union "President. Gorbachev on May 13, 2009 In an interview with Russia's Interfax News Agency reporters Cai Fang and Shi Xuanbu: "We concluded that the state should have such a political party, new party set up initiatives to the Committee's work has been State support of many citizens, has received more than 10,000 letters of support. "
Many people, especially the pro-communists and Russian nationalists, that Gorbachev is Russia's national criminals and traitors to communism. They think that Gorbachev's too hasty with the actual internal and external reform policies, and his West, particularly the United States over almost naive trust, leading to serious consequences of Soviet Communist Party, Russia's comprehensive national strength and people standard of living is plummeting, which are completely contrary to the construction of his "democratic socialist Soviet Union," the mind, and betrayed the cause of communism can be said is completely failed.
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